In this patch, ext4_ext_try_to_merge has been change to merge 
an extent both left and right.  So we need to update the comment
in here.
Signed-off-by: NHaiboLiu <HaiboLiu6@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Ext4 must make sure the transaction to be commited to the disk when
user opens a file with O_(D)SYNC flag and do a fallocate(2) call.

This problem had been reported by Christoph Hellwig in this thread:
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-btrfs/msg13621.htmlReported-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When truncating a file, we unmap pages from userspace first, as that's
usually more efficient than relying, page by page, on the fallback in
truncate_inode_page() - particularly if the file is mapped many times.

Do the same when punching a hole: 3.4 added truncate_pagecache_range()
to do the unmap and trunc, so use it in ext4_ext_punch_hole(), instead
of calling truncate_inode_pages_range() directly.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

fix ext_debug format flag in ext4_ext_binsearch_idx().
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Calculate and verify the checksum for each extent tree block.  The
checksum is located in the space immediately after the last possible
ext4_extent in the block.  The space is is typically the last 4-8
bytes in the block.
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Create a new BH_Verified flag to indicate that we've verified all the
data in a buffer_head for correctness.  This allows us to bypass
expensive verification steps when they are not necessary without
missing them when they are.
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <djwong@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Andi Kleen and Tim Chen have reported that under certain circumstances
the extent cache statistics are causing scalability problems due to
cache line bounces.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org

->ee_len is __le16, so assigning cpu_to_le32() to it is going to do
Bad Things(tm) on big-endian hosts...
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

We are going to remove the EOFBLOCKS_FL flag in the future, so this is
the first part of the removal. We can not remove it entirely just now,
since the e2fsck is still checking for it and it might cause headache to
some people. Instead, remove the restrictive checks now and the rest
later, when the new e2fsck code is out and common enough.

This is also needed because punch hole already breaks the EOFBLOCKS_FL
semantics, so it might cause the some troubles. So simply remove it.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The error message produced by the ext4_ext_rm_leaf() when we are
removing blocks which accidentally ends up inside the existing extent,
is not very helpful, because we would like to also know which extent did
we collide with.

This commit changes the error message to get us also the information
about the extent we are colliding with.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Since the commit 'Rewrite punch hole to use ext4_ext_remove_space()'
reworked the punch hole implementation to use ext4_ext_remove_space()
instead of ext4_ext_map_blocks(), we can remove the code which is no
longer needed from the ext4_ext_map_blocks().
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This commit rewrites ext4 punch hole implementation to use
ext4_ext_remove_space() instead of its home gown way of doing this via
ext4_ext_map_blocks(). There are several reasons for changing this.

Firstly it is quite non obvious that punching hole needs to
ext4_ext_map_blocks() to punch a hole, especially given that this
function should map blocks, not unmap it. It also required a lot of new
code in ext4_ext_map_blocks().

Secondly the design of it is not very effective. The reason is that we
are trying to punch out blocks in ext4_ext_punch_hole() in opposite
direction than in ext4_ext_rm_leaf() which causes the ext4_ext_rm_leaf()
to iterate through the whole tree from the end to the start to find the
requested extent for every extent we are going to punch out.

And finally the current implementation does not use the existing code,
but bring a lot of new code, which is IMO unnecessary since there
already is some infrastructure we can use. Specifically
ext4_ext_remove_space().

This commit changes ext4_ext_remove_space() to accept 'end' parameter so
we can not only truncate to the end of file, but also remove the space
in the middle of the file (punch a hole). Moreover, because the last
block to punch out, might be in the middle of the extent, we have to
split the extent at 'end + 1' so ext4_ext_rm_leaf() can easily either
remove the whole fist part of split extent, or change its size.

ext4_ext_remove_space() is then used to actually remove the space
(extents) from within the hole, instead of ext4_ext_map_blocks().

Note that this also fix the issue with punch hole, where we would forget
to remove empty index blocks from the extent tree, resulting in double
free block error and file system corruption. This is simply because we
now use different code path, where this problem does not exist.

This has been tested with fsx running for several days and xfstests,
plus xfstest #251 with '-o discard' run on the loop image (which
converts discard requestes into punch hole to the backing file). All of
it on 1K and 4K file system block size.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Explicitly test for an extent whose length is zero, and flag that as a
corrupted extent.

This avoids a kernel BUG_ON assertion failure.

Tested: Without this patch, the file system image found in
tests/f_ext_zero_len/image.gz in the latest e2fsprogs sources causes a
kernel panic.  With this patch, an ext4 file system error is noted
instead, and the file system is marked as being corrupted.

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42859Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Delete any instances of include module.h that were not strictly
required.  In the case of ext2, the declaration of MODULE_LICENSE
etc. were in inode.c but the module_init/exit were in super.c, so
relocate the MODULE_LICENCE/AUTHOR block to super.c which makes it
consistent with ext3 and ext4 at the same time.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

Fix ext4_debug format in ext4_ext_handle_uninitialized_extents() and
ext4_end_io_dio().
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

We found performance regression when using bigalloc with "nodelalloc"
(1MB cluster size):

1. mke2fs -C 1048576 -O ^has_journal,bigalloc /dev/sda
2. mount -o nodelalloc /dev/sda /test/
3. time dd if=/dev/zero of=/test/io bs=1048576 count=1024

The "dd" will cost about 2 seconds to finish, but if we mke2fs without
"bigalloc", "dd" will only cost less than 1 second.

The reason is: when using ext4 with "nodelalloc", it will call
ext4_find_delalloc_cluster() nearly everytime it call
ext4_ext_map_blocks(), and ext4_find_delalloc_range() will also scan
all pages in cluster because no buffer is "delayed".  A cluster has
256 pages (1MB cluster), so it will scan 256 * 256k pags when creating
a 1G file. That severely hurts the performance.

Therefore, we return immediately from ext4_find_delalloc_range() in
nodelalloc mode, since by definition there can't be any delalloc
pages.
Signed-off-by: NRobin Dong <sanbai@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

In get_implied_cluster_alloc(), rr_cluster_end was being
defined and set, but was never used.  Removed this.
Signed-off-by: NCurt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If a file is fallocated on a hole, map->m_lblk + map->m_len may be greater
than ee_block + ee_len.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org

Commit 1939dd84 ("ext4: cleanup ext4_ext_grow_indepth code") added a
reference to ext4_extent_header.eh_depth, but forget to pass the value
read through le16_to_cpu.  The result is a crash on big-endian
machines, such as this crash on a POWER7 server:

attempt to access beyond end of device
sda8: rw=0, want=776392648163376, limit=168558560
Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0x6b6b6b6b6b6b6bcb
Faulting instruction address: 0xc0000000001f5f38
cpu 0x14: Vector: 300 (Data Access) at [c000001bd1aaecf0]
    pc: c0000000001f5f38: .__brelse+0x18/0x60
    lr: c0000000002e07a4: .ext4_ext_drop_refs+0x44/0x80
    sp: c000001bd1aaef70
   msr: 9000000000009032
   dar: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6bcb
 dsisr: 40000000
  current = 0xc000001bd15b8010
  paca    = 0xc00000000ffe4600
    pid   = 19911, comm = flush-8:0
enter ? for help
[c000001bd1aaeff0] c0000000002e07a4 .ext4_ext_drop_refs+0x44/0x80
[c000001bd1aaf090] c0000000002e0c58 .ext4_ext_find_extent+0x408/0x4c0
[c000001bd1aaf180] c0000000002e145c .ext4_ext_insert_extent+0x2bc/0x14c0
[c000001bd1aaf2c0] c0000000002e3fb8 .ext4_ext_map_blocks+0x628/0x1710
[c000001bd1aaf420] c0000000002b2974 .ext4_map_blocks+0x224/0x310
[c000001bd1aaf4d0] c0000000002b7f2c .mpage_da_map_and_submit+0xbc/0x490
[c000001bd1aaf5a0] c0000000002b8688 .write_cache_pages_da+0x2c8/0x430
[c000001bd1aaf720] c0000000002b8b28 .ext4_da_writepages+0x338/0x670
[c000001bd1aaf8d0] c000000000157280 .do_writepages+0x40/0x90
[c000001bd1aaf940] c0000000001ea830 .writeback_single_inode+0xe0/0x530
[c000001bd1aafa00] c0000000001eb680 .writeback_sb_inodes+0x210/0x300
[c000001bd1aafb20] c0000000001ebc84 .__writeback_inodes_wb+0xd4/0x140
[c000001bd1aafbe0] c0000000001ebfec .wb_writeback+0x2fc/0x3e0
[c000001bd1aafce0] c0000000001ed770 .wb_do_writeback+0x2f0/0x300
[c000001bd1aafdf0] c0000000001ed848 .bdi_writeback_thread+0xc8/0x340
[c000001bd1aafed0] c0000000000c5494 .kthread+0xb4/0xc0
[c000001bd1aaff90] c000000000021f48 .kernel_thread+0x54/0x70

This is due to getting ext_depth(inode) == 0x101 and therefore running
off the end of the path array in ext4_ext_drop_refs into following
unallocated structures.

This fixes it by adding the necessary le16_to_cpu.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The variable 'block' is removed by commit 750c9c47, so use the
replacement ex_ee_block instead.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This patch fixes a syntax error which omits a comma. Besides this,
logical block number is unsigend 32 bits, so printk should use %u
instead %d.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

If an fallocate request fits in EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN, then set the
EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_NO_NORMALIZE flag. For larger fallocate requests,
let mballoc.c normalize the request.

This fixes a problem where large requests were being split into
non-contiguous extents due to commit 556b27ab: ext4: do not
normalize block requests from fallocate.

Testing: 
*) Checked that 8.x MB falloc'ed files are still laid down next to
each other (contiguously).
*) Checked that the maximum size extent (127.9MB) is allocated as 1
extent.
*) Checked that a 1GB file is somewhat contiguous (often 5-6
non-contiguous extents now).
*) Checked that a 120MB file can still be falloc'ed even if there are
no single extents large enough to hold it.
Signed-off-by: NGreg Harm <gharm@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN flag set and the increase of i_aiodio_unwritten
should be done simultaneously since ext4_end_io_nolock always clear
the flag and decrease the counter in the same time.

We have found some bugs that the flag is set while leaving
i_aiodio_unwritten unchanged(commit 32c80b32). So this patch just tries
to create a helper function to wrap them to avoid any future bug.
The idea is inspired by Eric.

Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When ext4_ext_map_blocks() is called by punch_hole, trace should
trace blocks punched out.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

ext4_ext_insert_extent() (respectively ext4_ext_insert_index())
was using EXT_MAX_EXTENT() (resp. EXT_MAX_INDEX()) to determine
how many entries needed to be moved beyond the insertion point.
In practice this means that (320 - I) * 24 bytes were memmove()'d
when I is the insertion point, rather than (#entries - I) * 24 bytes.

This patch uses EXT_LAST_EXTENT() (resp. EXT_LAST_INDEX()) instead
to only move existing entries. The code flow is also simplified
slightly to highlight similarities and reduce code duplication in
the insertion logic.

This patch reduces system CPU consumption by over 25% on a 4kB
synchronous append DIO write workload when used with the
pre-2.6.39 x86_64 memmove() implementation. With the much faster
2.6.39 memmove() implementation we still see a decrease in
system CPU usage between 2% and 7%.

Note that the ext_debug() output changes with this patch, splitting
some log information between entries. Users of the ext_debug() output
should note that the "move %d" units changed from reporting the number
of bytes moved to reporting the number of entries moved.
Signed-off-by: NEric Gouriou <egouriou@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This patch introduces a fast path in ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized()
for the case when the conversion can be performed by transferring
the newly initialized blocks from the uninitialized extent into
an adjacent initialized extent. Doing so removes the expensive
invocations of memmove() which occur during extent insertion and
the subsequent merge.

In practice this should be the common case for clients performing
append writes into files pre-allocated via
fallocate(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE). In such a workload performed via
direct IO and when using a suboptimal implementation of memmove()
(x86_64 prior to the 2.6.39 rewrite), this patch reduces kernel CPU
consumption by 32%.

Two new trace points are added to ext4_ext_convert_to_initialized()
to offer visibility into its operations. No exit trace point has
been added due to the multiplicity of return points. This can be
revisited once the upstream cleanup is backported.
Signed-off-by: NEric Gouriou <egouriou@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When we want to convert the unitialized extent in direct write, we can
either do it in ext4_end_io_nolock(AIO case) or in
ext4_ext_direct_IO(non AIO case) and EXT4_I(inode)->cur_aio_dio is a
guard for ext4_ext_map_blocks to find the right case.  In e9e3bcec,
we mistakenly change it by:

-			if (io)
+			if (io && !(io->flag & EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN)) {
 				io->flag = EXT4_IO_END_UNWRITTEN;
-			else
+				atomic_inc(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_aiodio_unwritten);
+			} else
 				ext4_set_inode_state(inode,
 						     EXT4_STATE_DIO_UNWRITTEN);

So now if we map 2 blocks, and the first one set the
EXT_IO_END_UNWRITTEN, the 2nd mapping will set inode state because of
the check for the flag. This is wrong.

Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

In ext4_ext_next_allocated_block(), the path[depth] might
have a p_ext that is NULL -- see ext4_ext_binsearch().  In
such a case, dereferencing it will crash the machine.

This patch checks for p_ext == NULL in
ext4_ext_next_allocated_block() before dereferencinging it.

Tested using a hand-crafted an inode with eh_entries == 0 in
an extent block, verified that running FIEMAP on it crashes
without this patch, works fine with it.
Signed-off-by: NCurt Wohlgemuth <curtw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When allocated is unsigned it breaks the error handling at the end
of the function when we call:
	allocated = ext4_split_extent(...);
	if (allocated < 0)
		err = allocated;

I've made it a signed int instead of unsigned.
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

EOFBLOCK_FL should be updated if called w/o FALLOCATE_FL_KEEP_SIZE
Currently it happens only if new extent was allocated.

TESTCASE:
fallocate test_file -n -l4096
fallocate test_file -l4096
Last fallocate cmd has updated size, but keept EOFBLOCK_FL set. And
fsck will complain about that.

Also remove ping pong in ext4_fallocate() in case of new extents,
where ext4_ext_map_blocks() clear EOFBLOCKS bit, and later
ext4_falloc_update_inode() restore it again.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

- Both callers(truncate and punch_hole) already aligned left end point
  so we no longer need split logic here.
- Remove dead duplicated code.
- Call ext4_ext_dirty only after we have updated eh_entries, otherwise
  we'll loose entries update. Regression caused by d583fb87
  266'th testcase in xfstests (http://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/120872)
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Currently code make an impression what grow procedure is very complicated
and some mythical paths, blocks are involved. But in fact grow in depth
it relatively simple procedure:
 1) Just create new meta block and copy root data to that block.
 2) Convert root from extent to index if old depth == 0
 3) Update root block pointer

This patch does:
 - Reorganize code to make it more self explanatory
 - Do not pass path parameter to new_meta_block() in order to
   provoke allocation from inode's group because top-level block
   should site closer to it's inode, but not to leaf data block.

   [ This happens anyway, due to logic in mballoc; we should drop
     the path parameter from new_meta_block() entirely.  -- tytso ]
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The third parameter to ext4_free_blocks is a struct buffer_head *.  This
parameter should be NULL not 0.

This quiets the sparse noise:

warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer
Signed-off-by: NH Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Add a sanity check to make sure ix hasn't gone beyond the valid bounds
of the extent block.
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

ext4_extent_idx.e_block is __le32, so use le32_to_cpu() in
ext4_ext_search_left().
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

The comment describing what ext4_ext_search_right() does is incorrect.
We return 0 in *phys when *logical is the 'largest' allocated block,
not smallest.  

Fix a few other typos while we're at it.

Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: NTao Ma <boyu.mt@taobao.com>

Currently, there exists a race between delayed allocated writes and
the writeback when bigalloc feature is in use. The race was because we
wanted to determine what blocks in a cluster are under delayed
allocation and we were using buffer_delayed(bh) check for it. But, the
writeback codepath clears this bit without any synchronization which
resulted in a race and an ext4 warning similar to:

EXT4-fs (ram1): ext4_da_update_reserve_space: ino 13, used 1 with only 0
		reserved data blocks

The race existed in two places.
(1) between ext4_find_delalloc_range() and ext4_map_blocks() when called from
    writeback code path.
(2) between ext4_find_delalloc_range() and ext4_da_get_block_prep() (where
    buffer_delayed(bh) is set.

To fix (1), this patch introduces a new buffer_head state bit -
BH_Da_Mapped.  This bit is set under the protection of
EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem when we have actually mapped the delayed
allocated blocks during the writeout time. We can now reliably check
for this bit inside ext4_find_delalloc_range() to determine whether
the reservation for the blocks have already been claimed or not.

To fix (2), it was necessary to set buffer_delay(bh) under the
protection of i_data_sem.  So, I extracted the very beginning of
ext4_map_blocks into a new function - ext4_da_map_blocks() - and
performed the required setting of bh_delay bit and the quota
reservation under the protection of i_data_sem.  These two fixes makes
the checking of buffer_delay(bh) and buffer_da_mapped(bh) consistent,
thus removing the race.

Tested: I was able to reproduce the problem by running 'dd' and
'fsync' in parallel. Also, xfstests sometimes used to reproduce this
race. After the fix both my test and xfstests were successful and no
race (warning message) was observed.

Google-Bug-Id: 4997027
Signed-off-by: NAditya Kali <adityakali@google.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>