The last in-tree caller of block_write_full_page_endio() was removed in
January 2013.  It's time to remove the EXPORT_SYMBOL, which leaves
block_write_full_page() as the only caller of
block_write_full_page_endio(), so inline block_write_full_page_endio()
into block_write_full_page().
Signed-off-by: NMatthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dheeraj Reddy <dheeraj.reddy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Mostly scripted conversion of the smp_mb__* barriers.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-55dhyhocezdw1dg7u19hmh1u@git.kernel.org
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Add support to the core direct-io code to defer AIO completions to user
context using a workqueue.  This replaces opencoded and less efficient
code in XFS and ext4 (we save a memory allocation for each direct IO)
and will be needed to properly support O_(D)SYNC for AIO.

The communication between the filesystem and the direct I/O code requires
a new buffer head flag, which is a bit ugly but not avoidable until the
direct I/O code stops abusing the buffer_head structure for communicating
with the filesystems.

Currently this creates a per-superblock unbound workqueue for these
completions, which is taken from an earlier patch by Jan Kara.  I'm
not really convinced about this use and would prefer a "normal" global
workqueue with a high concurrency limit, but this needs further discussion.

JK: Fixed ext4 part, dynamic allocation of the workqueue.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Page reclaim keeps track of dirty and under writeback pages and uses it
to determine if wait_iff_congested() should stall or if kswapd should
begin writing back pages.  This fails to account for buffer pages that
can be under writeback but not PageWriteback which is the case for
filesystems like ext3 ordered mode.  Furthermore, PageDirty buffer pages
can have all the buffers clean and writepage does no IO so it should not
be accounted as congested.

This patch adds an address_space operation that filesystems may
optionally use to check if a page is really dirty or really under
writeback.  An implementation is provided for for buffer_heads is added
and used for block operations and ext3 in ordered mode.  By default the
page flags are obeyed.

Credit goes to Jan Kara for identifying that the page flags alone are
not sufficient for ext3 and sanity checking a number of ideas on how the
problem could be addressed.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Valdis Kletnieks <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu>
Cc: Zlatko Calusic <zcalusic@bitsync.net>
Cc: dormando <dormando@rydia.net>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently there is no way to truncate partial page where the end
truncate point is not at the end of the page. This is because it was not
needed and the functionality was enough for file system truncate
operation to work properly. However more file systems now support punch
hole feature and it can benefit from mm supporting truncating page just
up to the certain point.

Specifically, with this functionality truncate_inode_pages_range() can
be changed so it supports truncating partial page at the end of the
range (currently it will BUG_ON() if 'end' is not at the end of the
page).

This commit changes the invalidatepage() address space operation
prototype to accept range to be invalidated and update all the instances
for it.

We also change the block_invalidatepage() in the same way and actually
make a use of the new length argument implementing range invalidation.

Actual file system implementations will follow except the file systems
where the changes are really simple and should not change the behaviour
in any way .Implementation for truncate_page_range() which will be able
to accept page unaligned ranges will follow as well.
Signed-off-by: NLukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>

Walking a bio's page mappings has proved problematic, so create a new
bio flag to indicate that a bio's data needs to be snapshotted in order
to guarantee stable pages during writeback.  Next, for the one user
(ext3/jbd) of snapshotting, hook all the places where writes can be
initiated without PG_writeback set, and set BIO_SNAP_STABLE there.

We must also flag journal "metadata" bios for stable writeout, since
file data can be written through the journal.  Finally, the
MS_SNAP_STABLE mount flag (only used by ext3) is now superfluous, so get
rid of it.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: rename _submit_bh()'s `flags' to `bio_flags', delobotomize the _submit_bh declaration]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: teeny cleanup]
Signed-off-by: NDarrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add buffer_head flags so that buffer cache writebacks can be marked
with the the appropriate request flags, so that metadata blocks can be
marked appropriately in blktrace.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

We want to add a trace point to touch_buffer() but macros and inline
functions defined in header files can't have tracing points.  Move
touch_buffer() to fs/buffer.c and make it a proper function.

The new exported function is also declared inline.  As most uses of
touch_buffer() are inside buffer.c with nilfs2 as the only other user,
the effect of this change should be negligible.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h>
(atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h>
Signed-off-by: NArun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NEric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NMike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We should not allow file modification via mmap while the filesystem is
frozen. So block in block_page_mkwrite() while the filesystem is frozen.
We cannot do the blocking wait in __block_page_mkwrite() since e.g. ext4
will want to call that function with transaction started in some cases
and that would deadlock. But we can at least do the non-blocking reliable
check in __block_page_mkwrite() which is the hardest part anyway.

We have to check for frozen filesystem with the page marked dirty and under
page lock with which we then return from ->page_mkwrite(). Only that way we
cannot race with writeback done by freezing code - either we mark the page
dirty after the writeback has started, see freezing in progress and block, or
writeback will wait for our page lock which is released only when the fault is
done and then writeback will writeout and writeprotect the page again.
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Create __block_page_mkwrite() helper which does all what block_page_mkwrite()
does except that it passes back errors from __block_write_begin /
block_commit_write calls.
Reviewed-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Code has been converted over to the new explicit on-stack plugging,
and delay users have been converted to use the new API for that.
So lets kill off the old plugging along with aops->sync_page().
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>

__block_write_begin and block_prepare_write are identical except for slightly
different calling conventions.  Convert all callers to the __block_write_begin
calling conventions and drop block_prepare_write.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

This flag was only set for barrier buffers, which we don't submit
anymore.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>

Now that the backend conversion is complete, export sequenced
FLUSH/FUA capability through REQ_FLUSH/FUA flags.  REQ_FLUSH means the
device cache should be flushed before executing the request.  REQ_FUA
means that the data in the request should be on non-volatile media on
completion.

Block layer will choose the correct way of implementing the semantics
and execute it.  The request may be passed to the device directly if
the device can handle it; otherwise, it will be sequenced using one or
more proxy requests.  Devices will never see REQ_FLUSH and/or FUA
which it doesn't support.

Also, unlike the original REQ_HARDBARRIER, REQ_FLUSH/FUA requests are
never failed with -EOPNOTSUPP.  If the underlying device doesn't
support FLUSH/FUA, the block layer simply make those noop.  IOW, it no
longer distinguishes between writeback cache which doesn't support
cache flush and writethrough/no cache.  Devices which have WB cache
w/o flush are very difficult to come by these days and there's nothing
much we can do anyway, so it doesn't make sense to require everyone to
implement -EOPNOTSUPP handling.  This will simplify filesystems and
block drivers as they can drop -EOPNOTSUPP retry logic for barriers.

* QUEUE_ORDERED_* are removed and QUEUE_FSEQ_* are moved into
  blk-flush.c.

* REQ_FLUSH w/o data can also be directly passed to drivers without
  sequencing but some drivers assume that zero length requests don't
  have rq->bio which isn't true for these requests requiring the use
  of proxy requests.

* REQ_COMMON_MASK now includes REQ_FLUSH | REQ_FUA so that they are
  copied from bio to request.

* WRITE_BARRIER is marked deprecated and WRITE_FLUSH, WRITE_FUA and
  WRITE_FLUSH_FUA are added.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>

These flags aren't real I/O types, but tell ll_rw_block to always
lock the buffer instead of giving up on a failed trylock.

Instead add a new write_dirty_buffer helper that implements this semantic
and use it from the existing SWRITE* callers.  Note that the ll_rw_block
code had a bug where it didn't promote WRITE_SYNC_PLUG properly, which
this patch fixes.

In the ufs code clean up the helper that used to call ll_rw_block
to mirror sync_dirty_buffer, which is the function it implements for
compound buffers.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Instead of abusing a buffer_head flag just add a variant of
sync_dirty_buffer which allows passing the exact type of write
flag required.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The comment suggests that when b_count equals zero it is calling
__wait_no_buffer to trigger some debug, but as there is no debug in
__wait_on_buffer the whole thing is redundant.

AFAICT from the git log this has been the case for at least 5 years, so
it seems safe just to remove this.
Signed-off-by: NRichard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Copy and simplify in the only two users remaining.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Move the call to vmtruncate to get rid of accessive blocks to the callers
in preparation of the new truncate sequence and rename the non-truncating
version to block_write_begin.

While we're at it also remove several unused arguments to block_write_begin.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Split up the block_write_begin implementation - __block_write_begin is a new
trivial wrapper for block_prepare_write that always takes an already
allocated page and can be either called from block_write_begin or filesystem
code that already has a page allocated.  Remove the handling of already
allocated pages from block_write_begin after switching all callers that
do it to __block_write_begin.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Move the call to vmtruncate to get rid of accessive blocks to the callers
in preparation of the new truncate sequence and rename the non-truncating
version to cont_write_begin.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Move the call to vmtruncate to get rid of accessive blocks to the only
remaining caller and rename the non-truncating version to nobh_write_begin.

Get rid of the superflous file argument to it while we're at it.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Introduce a new truncate calling sequence into fs/mm subsystems. Rather than
setattr > vmtruncate > truncate, have filesystems call their truncate sequence
from ->setattr if filesystem specific operations are required. vmtruncate is
deprecated, and truncate_pagecache and inode_newsize_ok helpers introduced
previously should be used.

simple_setattr is introduced for simple in-ram filesystems to implement
the new truncate sequence. Eventually all filesystems should be converted
to implement a setattr, and the default code in notify_change should go
away.

simple_setsize is also introduced to perform just the ATTR_SIZE portion
of simple_setattr (ie. changing i_size and trimming pagecache).

To implement the new truncate sequence:
- filesystem specific manipulations (eg freeing blocks) must be done in
  the setattr method rather than ->truncate.
- vmtruncate can not be used by core code to trim blocks past i_size in
  the event of write failure after allocation, so this must be performed
  in the fs code.
- convert usage of helpers block_write_begin, nobh_write_begin,
  cont_write_begin, and *blockdev_direct_IO* to use _newtrunc postfixed
  variants. These avoid calling vmtruncate to trim blocks (see previous).
- inode_setattr should not be used. generic_setattr is a new function
  to be used to copy simple attributes into the generic inode.
- make use of the better opportunity to handle errors with the new sequence.

Big problem with the previous calling sequence: the filesystem is not called
until i_size has already changed.  This means it is not allowed to fail the
call, and also it does not know what the previous i_size was. Also, generic
code calling vmtruncate to truncate allocated blocks in case of error had
no good way to return a meaningful error (or, for example, atomically handle
block deallocation).

Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

block_write_full_page doesn't allow the caller to control what happens
when the IO is over.  This adds a new call named block_write_full_page_endio
so the buffer head end_io handler can be provided by the caller.

This will be used by the ext3 data=guarded mode to do i_size updates in
a workqueue based end_io handler.  end_buffer_async_write is also
exported so it can be called to do the dirty work of managing page
writeback for the higher level end_io handler.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NTheodore Tso <tytso@mit.edu>
Acked-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Change the page_mkwrite prototype to take a struct vm_fault, and return
VM_FAULT_xxx flags.  There should be no functional change.

This makes it possible to return much more detailed error information to
the VM (and also can provide more information eg.  virtual_address to the
driver, which might be important in some special cases).

This is required for a subsequent fix.  And will also make it easier to
merge page_mkwrite() with fault() in future.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org>
Cc: Felix Blyakher <felixb@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fsync_bdev() export and a bunch of stubs for !CONFIG_BLOCK case had
been left behind
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Move some block device related code out from buffer.c and put it in
block_dev.c. I'm trying to move non-buffer_head code out of buffer.c
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

The ioctls for the generic freeze feature are below.
o Freeze the filesystem
  int ioctl(int fd, int FIFREEZE, arg)
    fd: The file descriptor of the mountpoint
    FIFREEZE: request code for the freeze
    arg: Ignored
    Return value: 0 if the operation succeeds. Otherwise, -1

o Unfreeze the filesystem
  int ioctl(int fd, int FITHAW, arg)
    fd: The file descriptor of the mountpoint
    FITHAW: request code for unfreeze
    arg: Ignored
    Return value: 0 if the operation succeeds. Otherwise, -1
    Error number: If the filesystem has already been unfrozen,
                  errno is set to EINVAL.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_BLOCK=n]
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sato <t-sato@yk.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasayuki Hamaguchi <m-hamaguchi@ys.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <xfs-masters@oss.sgi.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@austin.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Allow the scsi request REQ_QUIET flag to be propagated to the buffer
file system layer. The basic ideas is to pass the flag from the scsi
request to the bio (block IO) and then to the buffer layer.  The buffer
layer can then suppress needless printks.

This patch declutters the kernel log by removed the 40-50 (per lun)
buffer io error messages seen during a boot in my multipath setup . It
is a good chance any real errors will be missed in the "noise" it the
logs without this patch.

During boot I see blocks of messages like
"
__ratelimit: 211 callbacks suppressed
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242847
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 1
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242878
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242879
Buffer I/O error on device sdm, logical block 5242872
"
in my logs.

My disk environment is multipath fiber channel using the SCSI_DH_RDAC
code and multipathd.  This topology includes an "active" and "ghost"
path for each lun. IO's to the "ghost" path will never complete and the
SCSI layer, via the scsi device handler rdac code, quick returns the IOs
to theses paths and sets the REQ_QUIET scsi flag to suppress the scsi
layer messages.

 I am wanting to extend the QUIET behavior to include the buffer file
system layer to deal with these errors as well. I have been running this
patch for a while now on several boxes without issue.  A few runs of
bonnie++ show no noticeable difference in performance in my setup.

Thanks for John Stultz for the quiet_error finalization.
Submitted-by: NKeith Mannthey <kmannth@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>

trylock_buffer and unlock_buffer open and close a critical section.
Hence, we can use the lock bitops to get the desired memory ordering.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Like the page lock change, this also requires name change, so convert the
raw test_and_set bitop to a trylock.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When we read some part of a file through pagecache, if there is a
pagecache of corresponding index but this page is not uptodate, read IO
is issued and this page will be uptodate.

I think this is good for pagesize == blocksize environment but there is
room for improvement on pagesize != blocksize environment.  Because in
this case a page can have multiple buffers and even if a page is not
uptodate, some buffers can be uptodate.

So I suggest that when all buffers which correspond to a part of a file
that we want to read are uptodate, use this pagecache and copy data from
this pagecache to user buffer even if a page is not uptodate.  This can
reduce read IO and improve system throughput.

I wrote a benchmark program and got result number with this program.

This benchmark do:

  1: mount and open a test file.

  2: create a 512MB file.

  3: close a file and umount.

  4: mount and again open a test file.

  5: pwrite randomly 300000 times on a test file.  offset is aligned
     by IO size(1024bytes).

  6: measure time of preading randomly 100000 times on a test file.

The result was:
	2.6.26
        330 sec

	2.6.26-patched
        226 sec

Arch:i386
Filesystem:ext3
Blocksize:1024 bytes
Memory: 1GB

On ext3/4, a file is written through buffer/block.  So random read/write
mixed workloads or random read after random write workloads are optimized
with this patch under pagesize != blocksize environment.  This test result
showed this.

The benchmark program is as follows:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>

#define LEN 1024
#define LOOP 1024*512 /* 512MB */

main(void)
{
	unsigned long i, offset, filesize;
	int fd;
	char buf[LEN];
	time_t t1, t2;

	if (mount("/dev/sda1", "/root/test1/", "ext3", 0, 0) < 0) {
		perror("cannot mount\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	memset(buf, 0, LEN);
	fd = open("/root/test1/testfile", O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_TRUNC);
	if (fd < 0) {
		perror("cannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < LOOP; i++)
		write(fd, buf, LEN);
	close(fd);
	if (umount("/root/test1/") < 0) {
		perror("cannot umount\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	if (mount("/dev/sda1", "/root/test1/", "ext3", 0, 0) < 0) {
		perror("cannot mount\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	fd = open("/root/test1/testfile", O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0) {
		perror("cannot open file\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	filesize = LEN * LOOP;
	for (i = 0; i < 300000; i++){
		offset = (random() % filesize) & (~(LEN - 1));
		pwrite(fd, buf, LEN, offset);
	}
	printf("start test\n");
	time(&t1);
	for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++){
		offset = (random() % filesize) & (~(LEN - 1));
		pread(fd, buf, LEN, offset);
	}
	time(&t2);
	printf("%ld sec\n", t2-t1);
	close(fd);
	if (umount("/root/test1/") < 0) {
		perror("cannot umount\n");
		exit(1);
	}
}
Signed-off-by: NHisashi Hifumi <hifumi.hisashi@oss.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove the obsolete and no longer used generic_commit_write().
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

FASTCALL() is always expanded to empty, remove it.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add buffer head related helper function bh_uptodate_or_lock and
bh_submit_read which can be used by file system
Signed-off-by: NAneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Implement nobh in new aops.  This is a bit tricky.  FWIW, nobh_truncate is
now implemented in a way that does not create blocks in sparse regions,
which is a silly thing for it to have been doing (isn't it?)

ext2 survives fsx and fsstress. jfs is converted as well... ext3
should be easy to do (but not done yet).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Cc: Badari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>