Preserving this bit breaks some machines. Not preserving this bit
seems to work OK in all cases, even though this goes against the
ACPI spec.

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13289Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

This interface enables the override or creation of a single
control method. Useful to repair a bug or install a missing method.
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The BIOS bug workaround mistakenly got disabled
when we followed the ACPI specification more closely
by ignoring OS updates to that bit.

(The BIOS is supposed to update SCI_EN, not the OS)

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13289Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Affects PM1 Control register only. When reading the register, zero
the write-only bits as per the ACPI spec.  ACPICA BZ 443. Lin Ming.

http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=443Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Protect certain I/O ports from reads/writes. Provides MS
compatibility. New module, hwvalid.c
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

As per the ACPI specification, preserve (read/modify/write) all
bits that are defined as either reserved or ignored (PM control
control registers only.)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Added a reader/writer locking mechanism to allow multiple
concurrent namespace walks (readers), but a dynamic table unload
will have exclusive access to the namespace. This fixes a problem
where a table unload could delete the portion of the namespace that
is currently being examined by a walk.  Adds a new file, utlock.c
that implements the reader/writer lock mechanism. ACPICA BZ 749.

http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=749Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Added acpi_hw_write_pm1_control. This function writes both of the PM1
control registers (A/B). These registers are different than than
the PM1 A/B status and enable registers in that different values
can be written to the A/B registers.  Most notably, the SLP_TYP
bits can be different, as per the values returned from the _Sx
predefined methods.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

This type is the same as TYPE_A. Removed this and all related
instances.  Renamed SLEEP_TYPE_A to simply SLEEP_TYPE.
ACPICA BZ 754.

http://www.acpica.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=754Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

acpi.h now includes only the "public" acpica headers. All other
acpica headers are "private" and should not be included by acpica
users. One new file, accommon.h is used to include the commonly
used private headers for acpica code generation. Future plans
are to move all private headers to a new subdirectory.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

This function maps an input GPE index to a GPE block device. Also
Added acpi_current_gpe_count to track the current number of GPEs
that are being managed by the ACPICA core (both FADT-based GPEs
and the GPEs contained in GPE block devices.)

Modify drivers/acpi/system.c to use these 2 new interfaces
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Add a loop counter to force exit from AML While loops if the
count becomes too large. This can occur in poorly written AML
when the hardware does not respond within a while loop and the
loop does not implement a timeout. The maximum loop count is
configurable. A new exception code is returned when a loop is
broken, AE_AML_INFINITE_LOOP.  Bob Moore, Alexey Starikovskiy.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Validates predefined ACPI objects that appear in the namespace,
at the time they are evaluated. The argument count and the type of
the returned object are validated. The purpose of this validation
is to detect problems with the BIOS-exposed predefined ACPI objects
before the results are returned to the ACPI-related drivers.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Mostly MODULE_NAME and printf format strings.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

Reorder the mutex names to match the preceding #defines
Signed-off-by: NVegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The interpreter now evaluates operands in the order that they
appear (both in the
 AML and ASL), instead of in reverse order. This previously
 caused subtle incompatibilities with the MS interpreter as well
 as being non-intuitive.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

fixes STACK_OVERFLOW exception on nested method calls. internal
bugzilla 262 and 275.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <astarikovskiy@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Added 2007 copyright to all module headers and signons. This affects
virtually every file in the ACPICA core subsystem, iASL compiler,
and the utilities.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Debugger: Enhanced the Statistics/Memory command to emit the
total (maximum) memory used during execution, as well as the
maximum memory consumed by each of the various object types.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Implemented enhancements to the multithreading support within
the debugger to enable better multithreading evaluation of the subsystem.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Fixed a problem with a possible race condition between threads executing
AcpiWalkNamespace and the AML interpreter. This condition was removed by
modifying AcpiWalkNamespace to (by default) ignore all temporary
namespace entries created during any concurrent control method execution
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Update internal GPE data structure to simplify
debug, use gpe_number instead of register bitmask.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <bob.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The Table Manager component has been completely
redesigned and reimplemented. The new design is much
simpler, and reduces the overall code and data size of
the kernel-resident ACPICA by approximately 5%. Also,
it is now possible to obtain the ACPI tables very early
during kernel initialization, even before dynamic memory
management is initialized.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Completed a new design and implementation for
the ACPI Global Lock support. On the OS side, the global
lock is now treated as a standard AML mutex. Previously,
multiple OS threads could acquire the global lock
simultaneously, but this could cause the BIOS to be starved
by the lock in cases such as the Embedded Controller driver,
where there is a tight coupling between the OS and the BIOS.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

This is needed by at least the Mac Mini's, which (incorrectly) come back
from suspend with SCI_EN clear.

Thanks to Frdric Riss for hunting this down.
Acked-by: NFrdric Riss <frederic.riss@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Linux mutexes and the debug code that that reference
acpi_os_get_thread_id() are happy with 0.
But the AML mutexes in exmutex.c expect a unique non-zero
number for each thread - as they track this thread_id
to permit the mutex re-entrancy defined by the ACPI spec.

http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6687Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Added the ACPI_PACKED_POINTERS_NOT_SUPPORTED macro to
support C compilers that do not allow the initialization
of address pointers within packed structures - even though
the hardware itself may support misaligned transfers. Some
of the debug data structures are packed by default to
minimize size.

Added an error message for the case where
acpi_os_get_thread_id() returns zero. A non-zero value is
required by the core ACPICA code to ensure the proper
operation of AML mutexes and recursive control methods.

The DSDT is now the only ACPI table that determines whether
the AML interpreter is in 32-bit or 64-bit mode. Not really
a functional change, but the hooks for per-table 32/64
switching have been removed from the code. A clarification
to the ACPI specification is forthcoming in ACPI 3.0B.

Fixed a possible leak of an Owner ID in the error
path of tbinstal.c acpi_tb_init_table_descriptor() and
migrated all table OwnerID deletion to a single place in
acpi_tb_uninstall_table() to correct possible leaks when using
the acpi_tb_delete_tables_by_type() interface (with assistance
from Lance Ortiz.)

Fixed a problem with Serialized control methods where the
semaphore associated with the method could be over-signaled
after multiple method invocations.

Fixed two issues with the locking of the internal
namespace data structure. Both the Unload() operator and
acpi_unload_table() interface now lock the namespace during
the namespace deletion associated with the table unload
(with assistance from Linn Crosetto.)

Fixed problem reports (Valery Podrezov) integrated: -
Eliminate unnecessary memory allocation for CreateXxxxField
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5426

Fixed problem reports (Fiodor Suietov) integrated: -
Incomplete cleanup branches in AcpiTbGetTableRsdt (BZ 369)
- On Address Space handler deletion, needless deactivation
call (BZ 374) - AcpiRemoveAddressSpaceHandler: validate
Device handle parameter (BZ 375) - Possible memory leak,
Notify sub-objects of Processor, Power, ThermalZone (BZ
376) - AcpiRemoveAddressSpaceHandler: validate Handler
parameter (BZ 378) - Minimum Length of RSDT should be
validated (BZ 379) - AcpiRemoveNotifyHandler: return
AE_NOT_EXIST if Processor Obj has no Handler (BZ (380)
- AcpiUnloadTable: return AE_NOT_EXIST if no table of
specified type loaded (BZ 381)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Implemented a new acpi_spinlock type for the OSL lock
interfaces.  This allows the type to be customized to
the host OS for improved efficiency (since a spinlock is
usually a very small object.)

Implemented support for "ignored" bits in the ACPI
registers.  According to the ACPI specification, these
bits should be preserved when writing the registers via
a read/modify/write cycle. There are 3 bits preserved
in this manner: PM1_CONTROL[0] (SCI_EN), PM1_CONTROL[9],
and PM1_STATUS[11].
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3691

Implemented the initial deployment of new OSL mutex
interfaces.  Since some host operating systems have
separate mutex and semaphore objects, this feature was
requested. The base code now uses mutexes (and the new
mutex interfaces) wherever a binary semaphore was used
previously. However, for the current release, the mutex
interfaces are defined as macros to map them to the
existing semaphore interfaces.

Fixed several problems with the support for the control
method SyncLevel parameter. The SyncLevel now works
according to the ACPI specification and in concert with the
Mutex SyncLevel parameter, since the current SyncLevel is
a property of the executing thread. Mutual exclusion for
control methods is now implemented with a mutex instead
of a semaphore.

Fixed three instances of the use of the C shift operator
in the bitfield support code (exfldio.c) to avoid the use
of a shift value larger than the target data width. The
behavior of C compilers is undefined in this case and can
cause unpredictable results, and therefore the case must
be detected and avoided.  (Fiodor Suietov)

Added an info message whenever an SSDT or OEM table
is loaded dynamically via the Load() or LoadTable()
ASL operators. This should improve debugging capability
since it will show exactly what tables have been loaded
(beyond the tables present in the RSDT/XSDT.)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Converted the locking mutex used for the ACPI hardware
to a spinlock. This change should eliminate all problems
caused by attempting to acquire a semaphore at interrupt
level, and it means that all ACPICA external interfaces
that directly access the ACPI hardware can be safely
called from interrupt level.

Fixed a regression introduced in 20060526 where the ACPI
device initialization could be prematurely aborted with
an AE_NOT_FOUND if a device did not have an optional
_INI method.

Fixed an IndexField issue where a write to the Data
Register should be limited in size to the AccessSize
(width) of the IndexField itself. (BZ 433, Fiodor Suietov)

Fixed problem reports (Valery Podrezov) integrated: - Allow
store of ThermalZone objects to Debug object.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5369
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5370

Fixed problem reports (Fiodor Suietov) integrated: -
acpi_get_table_header() doesn't handle multiple instances
correctly (BZ 364)

Removed four global mutexes that were obsolete and were
no longer being used.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Replaced the acpi_os_queue_for_execution() with a new
interface named acpi_os_execute(). The major difference is
that the new interface does not have a Priority parameter,
this appeared to be useless and has been replaced by
a Type parameter. The Type tells the OS what type of
execution is being requested, such as global lock handler,
notify handler, GPE handler, etc. This allows the host
to queue and execute the request as appropriate for the
request type, possibly using different work queues and
different priorities for the various request types. This
enables fixes for multithreading deadlock problems such as
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5534
(Alexey Starikovskiy and Bob Moore)

Fixed a possible memory leak associated with the
support for the so-called "implicit return" ACPI
extension. Reported by FreeBSD  (Fiodor Suietov)
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6514

Fixed a problem with the Load() operator where a table
load from an operation region could overwrite an internal
table buffer by up to 7 bytes and cause alignment faults
on IPF systems. (With assistance from Luming Yu)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Removed a device initialization optimization introduced in
20051216 where the _STA method was not run unless an _INI
was also present for the same device. This optimization
could cause problems because it could allow _INI methods
to be run within a not-present device subtree (If a
not-present device had no _INI, _STA would not be run,
the not-present status would not be discovered, and the
children of the device would be incorrectly traversed.)

Implemented a new _STA optimization where namespace
subtrees that do not contain _INI are identified and
ignored during device initialization. Selectively running
_STA can significantly improve boot time on large machines
(with assistance from Len Brown.)

Implemented support for the device initialization case
where the returned _STA flags indicate a device not-present
but functioning. In this case, _INI is not run, but the
device children are examined for presence, as per the
ACPI specification.

Implemented an additional change to the IndexField support
in order to conform to MS behavior. The value written to
the Index Register is not simply a byte offset, it is a
byte offset in units of the access width of the parent
Index Field. (Fiodor Suietov)

Defined and deployed a new OSL interface,
acpi_os_validate_address().  This interface is called during
the creation of all AML operation regions, and allows
the host OS to exert control over what addresses it will
allow the AML code to access. Operation Regions whose
addresses are disallowed will cause a runtime exception
when they are actually accessed (will not affect or abort
table loading.)

Defined and deployed a new OSL interface,
acpi_os_validate_interface().  This interface allows the host OS
to match the various "optional" interface/behavior strings
for the _OSI predefined control method as appropriate
(with assistance from Bjorn Helgaas.)

Restructured and corrected various problems in the
exception handling code paths within DsCallControlMethod
and DsTerminateControlMethod in dsmethod (with assistance
from Takayoshi Kochi.)

Modified the Linux source converter to ignore quoted string
literals while converting identifiers from mixed to lower
case. This will correct problems with the disassembler
and other areas where such strings must not be modified.

The ACPI_FUNCTION_* macros no longer require quotes around
the function name. This allows the Linux source converter
to convert the names, now that the converter ignores
quoted strings.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Implemented header file support for the following
additional ACPI tables: ASF!, BOOT, CPEP, DBGP, MCFG, SPCR,
SPMI, TCPA, and WDRT. With this support, all current and
known ACPI tables are now defined in the ACPICA headers and
are available for use by device drivers and other software.

Implemented support to allow tables that contain ACPI
names with invalid characters to be loaded. Previously,
this would cause the table load to fail, but since
there are several known cases of such tables on
existing machines, this change was made to enable
ACPI support for them. Also, this matches the
behavior of the Microsoft ACPI implementation.
https://bugzilla.novell.com/show_bug.cgi?id=147621

Fixed a couple regressions introduced during the memory
optimization in the 20060317 release. The namespace
node definition required additional reorganization and
an internal datatype that had been changed to 8-bit was
restored to 32-bit. (Valery Podrezov)

Fixed a problem where a null pointer passed to
acpi_ut_delete_generic_state() could be passed through
to acpi_os_release_object which is unexpected. Such
null pointers are now trapped and ignored, matching
the behavior of the previous implementation before the
deployment of acpi_os_release_object().  (Valery Podrezov,
Fiodor Suietov)

Fixed a memory mapping leak during the deletion of
a SystemMemory operation region where a cached memory
mapping was not deleted. This became a noticeable problem
for operation regions that are defined within frequently
used control methods. (Dana Meyers)

Reorganized the ACPI table header files into two main
files: one for the ACPI tables consumed by the ACPICA core,
and another for the miscellaneous ACPI tables that are
consumed by the drivers and other software. The various
FADT definitions were merged into one common section and
three different tables (ACPI 1.0, 1.0+, and 2.0)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Implemented the use of a cache object for all internal
namespace nodes. Since there are about 1000 static nodes
in a typical system, this will decrease memory use for
cache implementations that minimize per-allocation overhead
(such as a slab allocator.)

Removed the reference count mechanism for internal
namespace nodes, since it was deemed unnecessary. This
reduces the size of each namespace node by about 5%-10%
on all platforms. Nodes are now 20 bytes for the 32-bit
case, and 32 bytes for the 64-bit case.

Optimized several internal data structures to reduce
object size on 64-bit platforms by packing data within
the 64-bit alignment. This includes the frequently used
ACPI_OPERAND_OBJECT, of which there can be ~1000 static
instances corresponding to the namespace objects.

Added two new strings for the predefined _OSI method:
"Windows 2001.1 SP1" and "Windows 2006".

Split the allocation tracking mechanism out to a separate
file, from utalloc.c to uttrack.c. This mechanism appears
to be only useful for application-level code. Kernels may
wish to not include uttrack.c in distributions.

Removed all remnants of the obsolete ACPI_REPORT_* macros
and the associated code. (These macros have been replaced
by the ACPI_ERROR and ACPI_WARNING macros.)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Tagged all external interfaces to the subsystem with the
new ACPI_EXPORT_SYMBOL macro. This macro can be defined
as necessary to assist kernel integration. For Linux,
the macro resolves to the EXPORT_SYMBOL macro. The default
definition is NULL.

Added the ACPI_THREAD_ID type for the return value from
acpi_os_get_thread_id(). This allows the host to define this
as necessary to simplify kernel integration. The default
definition is ACPI_NATIVE_UINT.

Valery Podrezov fixed two interpreter problems related
to error processing, the deletion of objects, and placing
invalid pointers onto the internal operator result stack.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6028
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6151

Increased the reference count threshold where a warning is
emitted for large reference counts in order to eliminate
unnecessary warnings on systems with large namespaces
(especially 64-bit.) Increased the value from 0x400
to 0x800.

Due to universal disagreement as to the meaning of the
'c' in the calloc() function, the ACPI_MEM_CALLOCATE
macro has been renamed to ACPI_ALLOCATE_ZEROED so that the
purpose of the interface is 'clear'. ACPI_MEM_ALLOCATE and
ACPI_MEM_FREE are renamed to ACPI_ALLOCATE and ACPI_FREE.
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Implemented support in the Resource Manager to allow
unresolved namestring references within resource package
objects for the _PRT method. This support is in addition
to the previously implemented unresolved reference
support within the AML parser. If the interpreter slack
mode is enabled (true on Linux unless acpi=strict),
these unresolved references will be passed through
to the caller as a NULL package entry.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5741

Implemented and deployed new macros and functions for
error and warning messages across the subsystem. These
macros are simpler and generate less code than their
predecessors. The new macros ACPI_ERROR, ACPI_EXCEPTION,
ACPI_WARNING, and ACPI_INFO replace the ACPI_REPORT_*
macros.

Implemented the acpi_cpu_flags type to simplify host OS
integration of the Acquire/Release Lock OSL interfaces.
Suggested by Steven Rostedt and Andrew Morton.

Fixed a problem where Alias ASL operators are sometimes
not correctly resolved. causing AE_AML_INTERNAL
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5189
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5674

Fixed several problems with the implementation of the
ConcatenateResTemplate ASL operator. As per the ACPI
specification, zero length buffers are now treated as a
single EndTag. One-length buffers always cause a fatal
exception. Non-zero length buffers that do not end with
a full 2-byte EndTag cause a fatal exception.

Fixed a possible structure overwrite in the
AcpiGetObjectInfo external interface. (With assistance
from Thomas Renninger)
Signed-off-by: NBob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>