move out e820_register_active_regions from non numa zones_sizes_init()
and remove numa version zones_sizes_init().

and let 32 bit call remove_all_active_ranges() in setup_arch() directly
like 64-bit
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

use PMD_SHIFT to calculate boundary also adjust size for pre-allocated
table size
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

some ram-end boundary only has page alignment, instead of 2M alignment.

v2: make init_memory_mapping more solid: start could be any value other than 0
v3: fix NON PAE by handling left over in kernel_physical_mapping
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

do that in init_memory_mapping

also remove one init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The patch "x86: introduce init_memory_mapping for 32bit" does not allocate
enough space for PTEs if the CPU does not implement PSE.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

move kva related early backto initmem_init for numa32
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

moving relocate_initrd early
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

... so can we use mem below max_low_pfn earlier.

this allows us to move several functions more early instead of waiting
to after paging_init.

That includes moving relocate_initrd() earlier in the bootup, and kva
related early setup done in initmem_init. (in followup patches)
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

those function depend on paging setup pgtable, so they could access
the ram in bootmem region but just get mapped.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

for 32bit
we already had early_res support, so don't need to track min_low_pfn.
keep it to 0 always.

also use init_bootmem_node instead of init_bootmem, so don't touch
min_low_pfn.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

so that max_low_pfn is not changed after it is set.
so we can move that early and out of initmem_init.

could call find_low_pfn_range just after max_pfn is set.

also could move reserve_initrd out of setup_bootmem_allocator

so 32bit is more like 64bit.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

want to remove arch_get_ram_range, and use early_node_map instead.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

so don't punish all other cpus without that problem when init highmem
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

use early_node_map to init high pages, so we can remove page_is_ram() and
page_is_reserved_early() in the big loop with add_one_highpage

also remove page_is_reserved_early(), it is not needed anymore.

v2: fix the build of other platforms
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

1. add reserve_bootmem_generic for 32bit
2. change len to unsigned long
3. make early_res_to_bootmem to use it
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add information about the mapping state of the direct mapping to
/proc/meminfo. I chose /proc/meminfo because that is where all the other
memory statistics are too and it is a generally useful metric even
outside debugging situations. A lot of split kernel pages means the
kernel will run slower.

This way we can see how many large pages are really used for it and how
many are split.

Useful for general insight into the kernel.

v2: Add hotplug locking to 64bit to plug a very obscure theoretical race.
    32bit doesn't need it because it doesn't support hotadd for lowmem.
    Fix some typos
v3: Rename dpages_cnt
    Add CONFIG ifdef for count update as requested by tglx
    Expand description
v4: Fix stupid bugs added in v3
    Move update_page_count to pageattr.c
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch makes early reserved highmem pages become reserved
pages. This can be used for highmem pages allocated by bootloader such
as EFI memory map, linked list of setup_data, etc.
Signed-off-by: NHuang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: andi@firstfloor.org
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Signed-off-by: NJan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

After resume on a 2cpu laptop, kernel builds collapse with a sed hang,
sh or make segfault (often on 20295564), real-time signal to cc1 etc.

Several hurdles to jump, but a manually-assisted bisect led to -rc1's
d2bcbad5 x86: do not zap_low_mappings
in __smp_prepare_cpus.  Though the low mappings were removed at bootup,
they were left behind (with Global flags helping to keep them in TLB)
after resume or cpu online, causing the crashes seen.

Reinstate zap_low_mappings (with local __flush_tlb_all) for each cpu_up
on x86_32.  This used to be serialized by smp_commenced_mask: that's now
gone, but a low_mappings flag will do.  No need for native_smp_cpus_done
to repeat the zap: let mem_init zap BSP's low mappings just like on UP.

(In passing, fix error code from native_cpu_up: do_boot_cpu returns a
variety of diagnostic values, Dprintk what it says but convert to -EIO.
And save_pg_dir separately before zap_low_mappings: doesn't matter now,
but zapping twice in succession wiped out resume's swsusp_pg_dir.)

That worked well on the duo and one quad, but wouldn't boot 3rd or 4th
cpu on P4 Xeon, oopsing just after unlock_ipi_call_lock.  The TLB flush
IPI now being sent reveals a long-standing bug: the booting cpu has its
APIC readied in smp_callin at the top of start_secondary, but isn't put
into the cpu_online_map until just before that unlock_ipi_call_lock.

So native_smp_call_function_mask to online cpus would send_IPI_allbutself,
including the cpu just coming up, though it has been excluded from the
count to wait for: by the time it handles the IPI, the call data on
native_smp_call_function_mask's stack may well have been overwritten.

So fall back to send_IPI_mask while cpu_online_map does not match
cpu_callout_map: perhaps there's a better APICological fix to be
made at the start_secondary end, but I wouldn't know that.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

All architectures use an effectively identical definition of online_page(), so
just make it common code.  x86-64, ia64, powerpc and sh are actually
identical; x86-32 is slightly different.

x86-32's differences arise because it puts its hotplug pages in the highmem
zone.  We can handle this in the generic code by inspecting the page to see if
its in highmem, and update the totalhigh_pages count appropriately.  This
leaves init_32.c:free_new_highpage with a single caller, so I folded it into
add_one_highpage_init.

I also removed an incorrect comment referring to the NUMA case; any NUMA
details have already been dealt with by the time online_page() is called.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix indenting]
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: NDave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamez.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamez.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: NYasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It is claimed that NexGen CPUs were never shipped:

   http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/4/20/179

Also, the kernel support for these chips has been broken for
a long time, the code intended to support NexGen thereby being
essentially dead.

As an outcome of the discussion that can be found using the URL
above, this patch removes the NexGen support altogether.

The changes in this patch survived a defconfig build for i386, a
couple of successful randconfig builds, as well as a runtime test,
which consisted in booting a 32-bit x86 box up to the shell prompt.
Signed-off-by: NDmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Make KERNEL_PGD_PTRS common, as previously it was only being defined
for 32-bit.

There are a couple of follow-on changes from this:
 - KERNEL_PGD_PTRS was being defined in terms of USER_PGD_PTRS.  The
   definition of USER_PGD_PTRS doesn't really make much sense on x86-64,
   since it can have two different user address-space configurations.
   I renamed USER_PGD_PTRS to KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY, which is meaningful
   for all of 32/32, 32/64 and 64/64 process configurations.

 - USER_PTRS_PER_PGD was also defined and was being used for similar
   purposes.  Converting its users to KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY left it
   completely unused, and so I removed it.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Rename (alloc|release)_(pt|pd) to pte/pmd to explicitly match the name
of the appropriate pagetable level structure.

[ x86.git merge work by Mark McLoughlin <markmc@redhat.com> ]
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NMark McLoughlin <markmc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

This patch introduces a restriction on /dev/mem: Only non-memory can be
read or written unless the newly introduced config option is set.

The X server needs access to /dev/mem for the PCI space, but it doesn't need
access to memory; both the file permissions and SELinux permissions of /dev/mem
just make X effectively super-super powerful. With the exception of the
BIOS area, there's just no valid app that uses /dev/mem on actual memory.
Other popular users of /dev/mem are rootkits and the like.
(note: mmap access of memory via /dev/mem was already not allowed since
a really long time)

People who want to use /dev/mem for kernel debugging can enable the config
option.

The restrictions of this patch have been in the Fedora and RHEL kernels for
at least 4 years without any problems.
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Remove old comments that include the old arch/i386 directory.
Signed-off-by: NWANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Intel recommends to not use large pages for the first 1MB
of the physical memory because there are fixed size MTRRs there
which cause splitups in the TLBs.

On AMD doing so is also a good idea.

The implementation is a little different between 32bit and 64bit.
On 32bit I just taught the initial page table set up about this
because it was very simple to do. This also has the advantage
that the risk of a prefetch ever seeing the page even
if it only exists for a short time is minimized.

On 64bit that is not quite possible, so use set_memory_4k() a little
later (in check_bugs) instead.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Acked-by: andreas.herrmann3@amd.com
Cc: mingo@elte.hu
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Even on 32bit 2MB pages can map more memory than is in the true
max_low_pfn if end_pfn is not highmem and not aligned to 2MB.
Add a end_pfn_map similar to x86-64 that accounts for this
fact. This is important for code that really needs to know about
all mapping aliases.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: andreas.herrmann3@amd.com
Cc: mingo@elte.hu
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Standardize DEBUG_RODATA, removing special cases for hotplug and kprobes.
Signed-off-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: pageexec@freemail.hu
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
CC: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
CC: pageexec@freemail.hu
CC: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

extern should not appear in C files.  Also, the definitions
do not match the prototype currently, not sure what way you
want to go with this, I've switched the prototype to return
int, but I can see going to the void return as well.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

DEBUG_PAGEALLOC was not possible on 64-bit due to its early-bootup
hardcoded reliance on PSE pages, and the unrobustness of the runtime
splitup of large pages. The splitup ended in recursive calls to
alloc_pages() when a page for a pte split was requested.

Avoid the recursion with a preallocated page pool, which is used to
split up large mappings and gets refilled in the return path of
kernel_map_pages after the split has been done. The size of the page
pool is adjusted to the available memory.

This part just implements the page pool and the initialization w/o
using it yet.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Specifically the boot time page tables in a CONFIG_X86_PAE=y enabled
kernel are in PAE format.

early_ioremap is updated to use the standard page table accessors.

Clear any mappings beyond max_low_pfn from the boot page tables in
native_pagetable_setup_start because the initial mappings can extend
beyond the range of physical memory and into the vmalloc area.

Derived from patches by Eric Biederman and H. Peter Anvin.

[ jeremy@goop.org: PAE swapper_pg_dir needs to be page-sized fix ]
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <ijc@hellion.org.uk>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Mika Penttilä <mika.penttila@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Use the _ASM_EXTABLE macro from <asm/asm.h>, instead of open-coding
__ex_table entires in arch/x86/mm/init_32.c.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

swsusp_pg_dir[] is used for suspend, but not for hibernation.
clean-up the ifdefs which worked by accident, while implying the opposite.
Delete the __nosavedata, which also implied the opposite.

Some day we may optimize CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP to build minimal kernels
for just hibernate or just suspend but not both,
but today isn't that day.
Signed-off-by: NRafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

In x86 PAE mode, stop treating pmds as a special case.  Previously
they were always allocated and freed with the pgd.  The modifies the
code to be the same as 64-bit mode, where they are allocated on
demand.

This is a step on the way to unifying 32/64-bit pagetable allocation
as much as possible.

There is a complicating wart, however.  When you install a new
reference to a pmd in the pgd, the processor isn't guaranteed to see
it unless you reload cr3.  Since reloading cr3 also has the
side-effect of flushing the tlb, this is an expense that we want to
avoid whereever possible.

This patch simply avoids reloading cr3 unless the update is to the
current pagetable.  Later patches will optimise this further.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: William Irwin <wli@holomorphy.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

printk fixes. NOP in terms of functionality, but strings got
a bit larger due to the KERN_ markers that were added.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>