btrfs_update_delayed_ref is optimized to add and remove different
references in one pass through the delayed ref tree.  It is a zero
sum on the total number of refs on a given extent.

But, the code was recording an extra ref in the head node.  This
never made it down to the disk but was used when deciding if it was
safe to free the extent while dropping snapshots.

The fix used here is to make sure the ref_mod count is unchanged
on the head ref when btrfs_update_delayed_ref is called.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

The delayed reference queue maintains pending operations that need to
be done to the extent allocation tree.  These are processed by
finding records in the tree that are not currently being processed one at
a time.

This is slow because it uses lots of time searching through the rbtree
and because it creates lock contention on the extent allocation tree
when lots of different procs are running delayed refs at the same time.

This commit changes things to grab a cluster of refs for processing,
using a cursor into the rbtree as the starting point of the next search.
This way we walk smoothly through the rbtree.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

When extents are freed, it is likely that we've removed the last
delayed reference update for the extent.  This checks the delayed
ref tree when things are freed, and if no ref updates area left it
immediately processes the delayed ref.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

The extent allocation tree maintains a reference count and full
back reference information for every extent allocated in the
filesystem.  For subvolume and snapshot trees, every time
a block goes through COW, the new copy of the block adds a reference
on every block it points to.

If a btree node points to 150 leaves, then the COW code needs to go
and add backrefs on 150 different extents, which might be spread all
over the extent allocation tree.

These updates currently happen during btrfs_cow_block, and most COWs
happen during btrfs_search_slot.  btrfs_search_slot has locks held
on both the parent and the node we are COWing, and so we really want
to avoid IO during the COW if we can.

This commit adds an rbtree of pending reference count updates and extent
allocations.  The tree is ordered by byte number of the extent and byte number
of the parent for the back reference.  The tree allows us to:

1) Modify back references in something close to disk order, reducing seeks
2) Significantly reduce the number of modifications made as block pointers
are balanced around
3) Do all of the extent insertion and back reference modifications outside
of the performance critical btrfs_search_slot code.

#3 has the added benefit of greatly reducing the btrfs stack footprint.
The extent allocation tree modifications are done without the deep
(and somewhat recursive) call chains used in the past.

These delayed back reference updates must be done before the transaction
commits, and so the rbtree is tied to the transaction.  Throttling is
implemented to help keep the queue of backrefs at a reasonable size.

Since there was a similar mechanism in place for the extent tree
extents, that is removed and replaced by the delayed reference tree.

Yan Zheng <yan.zheng@oracle.com> helped review and fixup this code.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>