Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Mike Galbraith reported a situation where a WARN_ON_ONCE() call in DRM
code turned into an oops.  As it turns out, WARN_ON_ONCE() seems to be
completely broken when called from a module.

The bug was introduced with the following commit:

  19d43626 ("debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()")

That commit changed WARN_ON_ONCE() to move its 'once' logic into the bug
trap handler.  It requires a writable bug table so that the BUGFLAG_DONE
bit can be written to the flags to indicate the first warning has
occurred.

The bug table was made writable for vmlinux, which relies on
vmlinux.lds.S and vmlinux.lds.h for laying out the sections.  However,
it wasn't made writable for modules, which rely on the ELF section
header flags.
Reported-by: NMike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Tested-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Fixes: 19d43626 ("debug: Add _ONCE() logic to report_bug()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/a53b04235a65478dd9afc51f5b329fdc65c84364.1500095401.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Following (a long time after) a4b5d580 ("bug: Make BUG() always stop
the machine"), this adapts the ARM architecture to no longer rely
on the sub-optimal BUG() definition that has a silent endless loop
but instead use the same trapping instruction that we have for
the full BUG() support.

This avoids hundreds of warnings like

arch/arm/include/asm/xen/page.h: In function 'arbitrary_virt_to_machine':
arch/arm/include/asm/xen/page.h:85:1: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void [-Wreturn-type]

and also makes the code size slightly smaller. The behavior changes
from silently stopping the kernel to an oops, and follows what x86
does these days.
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

On old ARM chips, unaligned accesses to memory are not trapped and
fixed.  On module load, symbols are relocated, and the relocation of
__bug_table symbols is done on a u32 basis. Yet the section is not
aligned to a multiple of 4 address, but to a multiple of 2.

This triggers an Oops on pxa architecture, where address 0xbf0021ea
is the first relocation in the __bug_table section :
  apply_relocate(): pxa3xx_nand: section 13 reloc 0 sym ''
  Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address bf0021ea
  pgd = e1cd0000
  [bf0021ea] *pgd=c1cce851, *pte=c1cde04f, *ppte=c1cde01f
  Internal error: Oops: 23 [#1] ARM
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 0 PID: 606 Comm: insmod Not tainted 4.2.0-rc8-next-20150828-cm-x300+ #887
  Hardware name: CM-X300 module
  task: e1c68700 ti: e1c3e000 task.ti: e1c3e000
  PC is at apply_relocate+0x2f4/0x3d4
  LR is at 0xbf0021ea
  pc : [<c000e7c8>]    lr : [<bf0021ea>]    psr: 80000013
  sp : e1c3fe30  ip : 60000013  fp : e49e8c60
  r10: e49e8fa8  r9 : 00000000  r8 : e49e7c58
  r7 : e49e8c38  r6 : e49e8a58  r5 : e49e8920  r4 : e49e8918
  r3 : bf0021ea  r2 : bf007034  r1 : 00000000  r0 : bf000000
  Flags: Nzcv  IRQs on  FIQs on  Mode SVC_32  ISA ARM  Segment none
  Control: 0000397f  Table: c1cd0018  DAC: 00000051
  Process insmod (pid: 606, stack limit = 0xe1c3e198)
  [<c000e7c8>] (apply_relocate) from [<c005ce5c>] (load_module+0x1248/0x1f5c)
  [<c005ce5c>] (load_module) from [<c005dc54>] (SyS_init_module+0xe4/0x170)
  [<c005dc54>] (SyS_init_module) from [<c000a420>] (ret_fast_syscall+0x0/0x38)

Fix this by ensuring entries in __bug_table are all aligned to at least
of multiple of 4. This transforms a module section  __bug_table as :
-   [12] __bug_table       PROGBITS        00000000 002232 000018 00   A  0   0  1
+   [12] __bug_table       PROGBITS        00000000 002232 000018 00   A  0   0  4
Signed-off-by: NRobert Jarzmik <robert.jarzmik@free.fr>
Reviewed-by: NDave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Currently BUG() uses .word or .hword to create the necessary illegal
instructions. However if we are building BE8 then these get swapped
by the linker into different illegal instructions in the text. This
means that the BUG() macro does not get trapped properly.

Change to using <asm/opcodes.h> to provide the necessary ARM instruction
building as we cannot rely on gcc/gas having the `.inst` instructions
which where added to try and resolve this issue (reported by Dave Martin
<Dave.Martin@arm.com>).
Signed-off-by: NBen Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NDave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com>

Disintegrate asm/system.h for ARM.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org

BUILD_BUG_ON is defined in linux/kernel.h but that is not included by the
asm/bug.h header which uses it. This causes a build error:

...include/linux/mtd/map.h: In function 'inline_map_read':
...include/linux/mtd/map.h:408:3: error: implicit declaration of function
'BUILD_BUG_ON' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]

The check is not essential and is not present for other architectures, so
just remove it.
Signed-off-by: NSimon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

ARM uses its own BUG() handler which makes its output slightly different
from other archtectures.

One of the problems is that the ARM implementation doesn't report the function
with the BUG() in it, but always reports the PC being in __bug(). The generic
implementation doesn't have this problem.

Currently we get something like:

kernel BUG at fs/proc/breakme.c:35!
Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000000
...
PC is at __bug+0x20/0x2c

With this patch it displays:

kernel BUG at fs/proc/breakme.c:35!
Internal error: Oops - undefined instruction: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP
...
PC is at write_breakme+0xd0/0x1b4

This implementation uses an undefined instruction to implement BUG, and sets up
a bug table containing the relevant information. Many versions of gcc do not
support %c properly for ARM (inserting a # when they shouldn't) so we work
around this using distasteful macro magic.

v1: Initial version to replace existing ARM BUG() implementation with something
more similar to other architectures.

v2: Add Thumb support, remove backtrace whitespace output changes. Change to
use macros instead of requiring the asm %d flag to work (thanks to
Dave Martin <dave.martin@linaro.org>)

v3: Remove old BUG() implementation in favor of this one.
Remove the Backtrace: message (will submit this separately).
Use ARM_EXIT_KEEP() so that some architectures can dump exit text at link time
thanks to Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> (although since we always
define GENERIC_BUG this might be academic.)
Rebase to linux-2.6.git master.

v4: Allow BUGS in modules (these were not reported correctly in v3)
(thanks to Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org> for suggesting that.)
Remove __bug() as this is no longer needed.

v5: Add %progbits as the section flags.
Signed-off-by: NSimon Glass <sjg@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: NStephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Tested-by: NStephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

When CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE is not set, we get warnings such as:

arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c: In function ‘remap_area_pte’:
arch/arm/mm/ioremap.c:67: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
mm/bootmem.c: In function ‘mark_bootmem’:
mm/bootmem.c:321: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
fs/dcache.c: In function ‘d_materialise_unique’:
fs/dcache.c:1875: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
fs/nfs/client.c: In function ‘nfs_sockaddr_match_ipaddr’:
fs/nfs/client.c:251: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
block/cfq-iosched.c: In function ‘cfq_async_queue_prio’:
block/cfq-iosched.c:1501: warning: control reaches end of non-void function
Signed-off-by: NNicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Move platform independent header files to arch/arm/include/asm, leaving
those in asm/arch* and asm/plat* alone.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

It appears that include/asm-arm/bug.h requires include/linux/stddef.h
for the definition of NULL. It seems that stddef.h was always included
indirectly in most cases, and that issue was properly fixed a while ago.

Then commit 5047f09b incorrectly reverted
change from commit ff10952a (bad dwmw2)
and the problem recently resurfaced.

Because the third argument to __bug() is never used anyway, RMK suggested
getting rid of it entirely instead of readding #include <linux/stddef.h>
which this patch does.
Signed-off-by: NNicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NJörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>

Patch from Nicolas Pitre

... for the definition of NULL.
Signed-off-by: NNicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

a bunch of functions switched from volatile to __attribute__((noreturn)) and
from const to __attribute_pure__
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch eliminates all kernel BUGs, trims about 35k off the typical
kernel, and makes the system slightly faster.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!