Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

include/asm-generic/bitops/find.h declares:

extern unsigned long
find_first_zero_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size);

while arch/arm/include/asm/bitops.h declares:

#define find_first_zero_bit(p,sz)	_find_first_zero_bit_le(p,sz)
extern int _find_first_zero_bit_le(const void * p, unsigned size);

Align the arm prototypes to the generic API, to have gcc report
inadequate arguments, such as pointer to u32.
Signed-off-by: NMarc Gonzalez <marc_gonzalez@sigmadesigns.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>

Use BIT_MASK() and BIT_WORD() rather than hard-coding the size
of the "long" type.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

ARM uses ll/sc primitives that do not imply barriers for all regular
atomic ops, therefore smp_mb__{before,after} need be a full barrier.

Since ARM doesn't use asm-generic/barrier.h include the required
definitions in its asm/barrier.h
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-yijo7sglsl7uusbp13upcuvo@git.kernel.org
Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Victor Kamensky <victor.kamensky@linaro.org>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

ARMs ffs/fls implementations are not type compatible with x86, so when
they're used in combination with min()/max(), they provoke warnings.
Change these to be inline functions with the correct types, providing
the clz as a separate documentation, and document their individual
behaviours.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Disintegrate asm/system.h for ARM.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org

The majority of architectures implement ext2 atomic bitops as
test_and_{set,clear}_bit() without spinlock.

This adds this type of generic implementation in ext2-atomic-setbit.h and
use it wherever possible.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NAndreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Suggested-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Improve scalability by avoiding costly and unnecessary L2 cache sync
in handling bitops.
Signed-off-by: NHeechul Yun <hyun@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: NCatalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

The previous style change enables to use asm-generic/bitops/le.h on arm.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The style that we normally use in asm-generic is to test the macro itself
for existence, so in asm-generic, do:

	#ifndef find_next_zero_bit_le
	extern unsigned long find_next_zero_bit_le(const void *addr,
		unsigned long size, unsigned long offset);
	#endif

and in the architectures, write

	static inline unsigned long find_next_zero_bit_le(const void *addr,
		unsigned long size, unsigned long offset)
	#define find_next_zero_bit_le find_next_zero_bit_le

This adds the #define for each of the optimized find bitops in the
architectures.
Suggested-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NHans-Christian Egtvedt <hans-christian.egtvedt@atmel.com>
Acked-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: NGreg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NGeert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

minix bit operations are only used by minix filesystem and useless by
other modules.  Because byte order of inode and block bitmaps is different
on each architecture like below:

m68k:
	big-endian 16bit indexed bitmaps

h8300, microblaze, s390, sparc, m68knommu:
	big-endian 32 or 64bit indexed bitmaps

m32r, mips, sh, xtensa:
	big-endian 32 or 64bit indexed bitmaps for big-endian mode
	little-endian bitmaps for little-endian mode

Others:
	little-endian bitmaps

In order to move minix bit operations from asm/bitops.h to architecture
independent code in minix filesystem, this provides two config options.

CONFIG_MINIX_FS_BIG_ENDIAN_16BIT_INDEXED is only selected by m68k.
CONFIG_MINIX_FS_NATIVE_ENDIAN is selected by the architectures which use
native byte order bitmaps (h8300, microblaze, s390, sparc, m68knommu,
m32r, mips, sh, xtensa).  The architectures which always use little-endian
bitmaps do not select these options.

Finally, we can remove minix bit operations from asm/bitops.h for all
architectures.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NGreg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Acked-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: NPaul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As the result of conversions, there are no users of ext2 non-atomic bit
operations except for ext2 filesystem itself.  Now we can put them into
architecture independent code in ext2 filesystem, and remove from
asm/bitops.h for all architectures.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce little-endian bit operations by renaming native ext2 bit
operations.  The ext2 and minix bit operations are kept as wrapper macros
using little-endian bit operations to maintain bisectability until the
conversions are finished.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Switch the set/clear/change bitops to use the word-based exclusive
operations, which are only present in a wider range of ARM architectures
than the byte-based exclusive operations.

Tested record:
- Nicolas Pitre: ext3,rw,le
- Sourav Poddar: nfs,le
- Will Deacon: ext3,rw,le
- Tony Lindgren: ext3+nfs,le
Reviewed-by: NNicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NSourav Poddar <sourav.poddar@ti.com>
Tested-by: NWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Tested-by: NTony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

The CLZ instruction does not alter the condition flags, so remove the
"cc" clobber from the inline asm for fls().
Acked-by: NNicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NRabin Vincent <rabin@rab.in>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Bit testing (test, testset, testclear, testchange) for bit numbers
known at compile time returns a word with the tested-for bit set.

Change it to return a true boolean value so to make it consistent with
the out-of-line path and all the other bitops implementations.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Commit 0c65f459 intended to fix truncation issues with fls() on
ARMv5+ by renaming it to __fls() and wrapping it into a C function.
However that didn't take into account the fact that __fls() already
already had different semantics in the kernel.

Let's move the __fls() code into fls() function directly, and redefine
__fls() with the appropriate semantics.  While at it, bring a generic
__fls() definition for pre ARMv5 too.
Signed-off-by: NNicolas Pitre <nico@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Move platform independent header files to arch/arm/include/asm, leaving
those in asm/arch* and asm/plat* alone.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

arm's fls() is implemented as a macro, causing it to misbehave when passed
64-bit arguments.  Fix.

Cc: Nickolay Vinogradov <nickolay@protei.ru>
Tested-by: NKrzysztof Halasa <khc@pm.waw.pl>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

This function is used by the ext4 multi block allocator patches.

Also add generic_find_next_le_bit
Signed-off-by: NAneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

forbid asm/bitops.h direct inclusion

Because of compile errors that may occur after bit changes if asm/bitops.h is
included directly without e.g.  linux/kernel.h which includes linux/bitops.h,
forbid direct inclusion of asm/bitops.h.  Thanks to Adrian Bunk.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce test_and_set_bit_lock / clear_bit_unlock bitops with lock semantics.
Convert all architectures to use the generic implementation.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-By: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: Bryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp>
Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk>
Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Thomas Gleixner noticed that bitops.h should also use the raw_* irq
disable/enable variants, and __xchg needs them as well.
Signed-off-by: NLennert Buytenhek <buytenh@wantstofly.org>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

- remove __{,test_and_}{set,clear,change}_bit() and test_bit()

- if __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ < 5

  - remove ffz()
  - remove __ffs()
  - remove generic_fls()
  - remove generic_ffs()

- remove generic_fls64()
- remove sched_find_first_bit()
- remove generic_hweight{32,16,8}()
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch defines constant_fls() instead of removed generic_fls().
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NStephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

atomic.h, bitops.h and mmu_context.h are using likely/unlikely.
thread_info.h uses __attribute_const__.  Hence these files require
linux/compiler.h to be included.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Patch from Ian Campbell

Sparse complains about the definition of generic_fls in asm-arm/bitops.h:
  CHECK   /home/icampbell/devel/kernel/2.6/arch/arm/mach-pxa/viper.c
include2/asm/bitops.h:350:34: error: marked inline, but without a definition

The definition is unnecessary since linux/bitops.h defines generic_fls before including asm/bitops.h and asm/bitops.h should not be included directly. There are still some places where asm/bitops.h is directly included, but I think that code should be fixed. I was a little wary of the patch for this reason but lubbock, mainstone and assabet all build OK and so do my in house boards...

ARM is the only arch with the generic_fls prototype in this way.
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <icampbell@arcom.com>
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

We sometimes forgot to check whether the exclusive store succeeded.
Ensure that we always check.  Also ensure that we always use the
out of line versions, since the inline versions are not SMP safe.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Convert explicit gcc asm-based memory barriers into smp_mb() calls.
These change between barrier() and the ARMv6 data memory barrier
instruction depending on whether ARMv6 SMP is enabled.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!