Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

With CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER, if the user doesn't have libelf-devel
installed, and they don't see the make warning, their ORC unwinder will
be silently broken.  Upgrade the warning to an error.
Reported-and-tested-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: NJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d9dfc39fb8240998820f9efb233d283a1ee96084.1507079417.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

kselftest and kselftest-clean targets fail when object directory is
specified to relocate objects. Fix it so it can find the source tree
to build from.

make O=/tmp/kselftest_top kselftest

make[1]: Entering directory '/tmp/kselftest_top'
make[2]: Entering directory '/tmp/kselftest_top'
make[2]: *** tools/testing/selftests: No such file or directory.  Stop.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/tmp/kselftest_top'
./linux-kselftest/Makefile:1185: recipe for target
'kselftest' failed
make[1]: *** [kselftest] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/tmp/kselftest_top'
Makefile:145: recipe for target 'sub-make' failed
make: *** [sub-make] Error 2
Signed-off-by: NShuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Acked-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 5620a0d1 ("firmware: delete in-kernel firmware") removed the
entire firmware directory.  Unfortunately it thereby also removed the
support for built-in firmware.

This restores the ability to build firmware directly into the kernel by
pruning the original Makefile to the necessary minimum.  The default for
EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR is now the standard directory /lib/firmware/.

Fixes: 5620a0d1 ("firmware: delete in-kernel firmware")
Signed-off-by: NMarkus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Acked-by: NGreg K-H <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The last firmware change for the in-kernel firmware source code was back
in 2013.  Everyone has been relying on the out-of-tree linux-firmware
package for a long long time.

So let's drop it, it's baggage we don't need to keep dragging around
(and having to fix random kbuild issues over time...)

Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Kbuild conventionally uses $(shell cd ... && /bin/pwd) idiom to get
the absolute path of the directory because GNU Make 3.80, the minimal
supported version at that time, did not support $(abspath ...) or
$(realpath ...).

Commit 37d69ee3 ("docs: bump minimal GNU Make version to 3.81")
dropped the GNU Make 3.80 support, so we are now allowed to use those
make-builtin helpers.

This conversion will provide better portability without relying on
the pwd command or its location /bin/pwd.

I am intentionally using $(realpath ...) instead $(abspath ...) in
some places.  The difference between the two is $(realpath ...)
returns an empty string if the given path does not exist.  It is
convenient in places where we need to error-out if the makefile fails
to create an output directory.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: NThierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>

kselftest-clean isn't in the PHONY target list. Add it.
Signed-off-by: NShuah Khan <shuahkh@osg.samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 971a69db ("Xen: don't warn about 2-byte wchar_t in efi")
added the --no-wchar-size-warning to the Makefile to avoid this
harmless warning:

arm-linux-gnueabi-ld: warning: drivers/xen/efi.o uses 2-byte wchar_t yet the output is to use 4-byte wchar_t; use of wchar_t values across objects may fail

Changing kbuild to use thin archives instead of recursive linking
unfortunately brings the same warning back during the final link.

The kernel does not use wchar_t string literals at this point, and
xen does not use wchar_t at all (only efi_char16_t), so the flag
has no effect, but as pointed out by Jan Beulich, adding a wchar_t
string literal would be bad here.

Since wchar_t is always defined as u16, independent of the toolchain
default, always passing -fshort-wchar is correct and lets us
remove the Xen specific hack along with fixing the warning.

Link: https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9275217/
Fixes: 971a69db ("Xen: don't warn about 2-byte wchar_t in efi")
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

This is a bunch of trivial fixes and cleanups.
Signed-off-by: NCao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

After removal of DocBook, those targets are bogus.
Reported-by: NJim Davis <jim.epost@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

I made the mistake of upgrading my desktop to the new Fedora 26 that
comes with gcc-7.1.1.

There's nothing wrong per se that I've noticed, but I now have 1500
lines of warnings, mostly from the new format-truncation warning
triggering all over the tree.

We use 'snprintf()' and friends in a lot of places, and often know that
the numbers are fairly small (ie a controller index or similar), but gcc
doesn't know that, and sees an 'int', and thinks that it could be some
huge number.  And then complains when our buffers are not able to fit
the name for the ten millionth controller.

These warnings aren't necessarily bad per se, and we probably want to
look through them subsystem by subsystem, but at least during the merge
window they just mean that I can't even see if somebody is introducing
any *real* problems when I pull.

So warnings disabled for now.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This fixes the following build error for me when building on an 32 bit
machine using an XFS file system:

	$ make scripts/basic/fixdep
	  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
	fixdep: error fstat'ing depfile: scripts/basic/.fixdep.d: Value too large for defined data type
Signed-off-by: NUwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Acked-by: NBen Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

When we install headers, we are interested only in headers under uapi
directories.  Split out uapi-asm-generic target and make headers_install
depend on it.  It will avoid generating unneeded asm-generic wrappers.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

We can always pass dst= from the top Makefile.  This will simplify
the logic in Makefile.headersinst.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 61562f98 ("uapi: export all arch specifics directories")
changed the dst from asm-<arch> to arch-<arch> for headers_install_all
or headers_check_all.  Update the comment.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Original comments is confusing on "OBJ directory", make it clear.
Bonus: move comments close to what it wants to comment.
Signed-off-by: NCao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

The thin archives build currently puts all lib.a and built-in.o
files together and links them with --whole-archive.

This works because thin archives can recursively refer to thin
archives. However some architectures include libgcc.a, which may
not be a thin archive, or it may not be constructed with the "P"
option, in which case its contents do not get linked correctly.

So don't pull .a libs into the root built-in.o archive. These
libs should already have symbol tables and indexes built, so they
can be direct linker inputs. Move them out of the --whole-archive
option, which restore the conditional linking behaviour of lib.a
to thin archives builds.
Signed-off-by: NNicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

cc-option uses KBUILD_CFLAGS and KBUILD_CPPFLAGS when it determines
whether an option is supported or not. This is fine for options used to
build the kernel itself, however some components like the x86 boot code
use a different set of flags.

Add the new macro __cc-option which is a more generic version of
cc-option with additional parameters. One parameter is the compiler
with which the check should be performed, the other the compiler options
to be used instead KBUILD_C*FLAGS.

Refactor cc-option and hostcc-option to use __cc-option and move
hostcc-option to scripts/Kbuild.include.
Suggested-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Suggested-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NMichal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

There were a few bits and pieces left over from the now-disused DocBook
toolchain; git rid of them.
Reported-by: NMarkus Heiser <markus.heiser@darmarit.de>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

clang generates plenty of these warnings in different parts of the code,
to an extent that the warnings are little more than noise. Disable the
'address-of-packed-member' warning.
Signed-off-by: NMatthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: NDouglas Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 90ac086b ("Makefile: include arch/*/include/generated/uapi
before .../generated") introduced this for bisect'ability.  The commit
chose to promote arch/*/include/generated/uapi in the search path
rather than cleaning stale headers.

After all, we found that approach was not enough, and ended up with
cleaning stale headers by commit cda2c65f ("kbuild: Remove stale
asm-generic wrappers").

So, the extra search path is no longer needed because Kbuild invokes
scripts/Makefile.asm-generic and remove stale headers before it starts
descending.

This commit is also reverting commit dc33db7c ("Kbuild: avoid
duplicate include path") because we have no more duplicated path.
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

The help info of `make C=1` is little confusing, make it clear.
Signed-off-by: NCao jin <caoj.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>