Currently callers adding extents to extent status tree were responsible
for adding the inode to the list of inodes with freeable extents. This
is error prone and puts list handling in unnecessarily many places.

Just add inode to the list automatically when the first non-delay extent
is added to the tree and remove inode from the list when the last
non-delay extent is removed.
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

In this commit we discard the lru algorithm for inodes with extent
status tree because it takes significant effort to maintain a lru list
in extent status tree shrinker and the shrinker can take a long time to
scan this lru list in order to reclaim some objects.

We replace the lru ordering with a simple round-robin.  After that we
never need to keep a lru list.  That means that the list needn't be
sorted if the shrinker can not reclaim any objects in the first round.

Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

This commit adds some statictics in extent status tree shrinker.  The
purpose to add these is that we want to collect more details when we
encounter a stall caused by extent status tree shrinker.  Here we count
the following statictics:
  stats:
    the number of all objects on all extent status trees
    the number of reclaimable objects on lru list
    cache hits/misses
    the last sorted interval
    the number of inodes on lru list
  average:
    scan time for shrinking some objects
    the number of shrunk objects
  maximum:
    the inode that has max nr. of objects on lru list
    the maximum scan time for shrinking some objects

The output looks like below:
  $ cat /proc/fs/ext4/sda1/es_shrinker_info
  stats:
    28228 objects
    6341 reclaimable objects
    5281/631 cache hits/misses
    586 ms last sorted interval
    250 inodes on lru list
  average:
    153 us scan time
    128 shrunk objects
  maximum:
    255 inode (255 objects, 198 reclaimable)
    125723 us max scan time

If the lru list has never been sorted, the following line will not be
printed:
    586ms last sorted interval
If there is an empty lru list, the following lines also will not be
printed:
    250 inodes on lru list
  ...
  maximum:
    255 inode (255 objects, 198 reclaimable)
    0 us max scan time

Meanwhile in this commit a new trace point is defined to print some
details in __ext4_es_shrink().

Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>

Avoid false positives by static code analysis tools such as sparse and
coverity caused by the fact that we set the physical block, and then
the status in the extent_status structure.  It is also more efficient
to set both of these values at once.

Addresses-Coverity-Id: #989077
Addresses-Coverity-Id: #989078
Addresses-Coverity-Id: #1080722
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>

After applied the commit (4a092d73), we have reduced the number of
source files that need to #include ext4_extents.h.  But we can do
better.

This commit defines ext4_zeroout_es() in extents.c and move
EXT_MAX_BLOCKS into ext4.h in order not to include ext4_extents.h in
indirect.c and ioctl.c.  Meanwhile we just need to include this file in
extent_status.c when ES_AGGRESSIVE_TEST is defined.  Otherwise, this
commit removes a duplicated declaration in trace/events/ext4.h.

After applied this patch, we just need to include ext4_extents.h file
in {super,migrate,move_extents,extents}.c, and it is easy for us to
define a new extent disk layout.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When we read in an extent tree leaf block from disk, arrange to have
all of its entries cached.  In nearly all cases the in-memory
representation will be more compact than the on-disk representation in
the buffer cache, and it allows us to get the information without
having to traverse the extent tree for successive extents.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>

Don't use an unsigned long long for the es_status flags; this requires
that we pass 64-bit values around which is painful on 32-bit systems.
Instead pass the extent status flags around using the low 4 bits of an
unsigned int, and shift them into place when we are reading or writing
es_pblk.
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>

Now we maintain an proper in-order LRU list in ext4 to reclaim entries
from extent status tree when we are under heavy memory pressure.  For
keeping this order, a spin lock is used to protect this list.  But this
lock burns a lot of CPU time.  We can use the following steps to trigger
it.

  % cd /dev/shm
  % dd if=/dev/zero of=ext4-img bs=1M count=2k
  % mkfs.ext4 ext4-img
  % mount -t ext4 -o loop ext4-img /mnt
  % cd /mnt
  % for ((i=0;i<160;i++)); do truncate -s 64g $i; done
  % for ((i=0;i<160;i++)); do cp $i /dev/null &; done
  % perf record -a -g
  % perf report

This commit tries to fix this problem.  Now a new member called
i_touch_when is added into ext4_inode_info to record the last access
time for an inode.  Meanwhile we never need to keep a proper in-order
LRU list.  So this can avoid to burns some CPU time.  When we try to
reclaim some entries from extent status tree, we use list_sort() to get
a proper in-order list.  Then we traverse this list to discard some
entries.  In ext4_sb_info, we use s_es_last_sorted to record the last
time of sorting this list.  When we traverse the list, we skip the inode
that is newer than this time, and move this inode to the tail of LRU
list.  When the head of the list is newer than s_es_last_sorted, we will
sort the LRU list again.

In this commit, we break the loop if s_extent_cache_cnt == 0 because
that means that all extents in extent status tree have been reclaimed.

Meanwhile in this commit, ext4_es_{un}register_shrinker()'s prototype is
changed to save a local variable in these functions.
Reported-by: NDave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

We (Linux Kernel Performance project) found a regression introduced
by commit:

  f7fec032 ext4: track all extent status in extent status tree

The commit causes about 20% performance decrease in fio random write
test. Profiler shows that rb_next() uses a lot of CPU time. The call
stack is:

  rb_next
  ext4_es_find_delayed_extent
  ext4_map_blocks
  _ext4_get_block
  ext4_get_block_write
  __blockdev_direct_IO
  ext4_direct_IO
  generic_file_direct_write
  __generic_file_aio_write
  ext4_file_write
  aio_rw_vect_retry
  aio_run_iocb
  do_io_submit
  sys_io_submit
  system_call_fastpath
  io_submit
  td_io_getevents
  io_u_queued_complete
  thread_main
  main
  __libc_start_main

The cause is that ext4_es_find_delayed_extent() doesn't have an
upper bound, it keeps searching until a delayed extent is found.
When there are a lots of non-delayed entries in the extent state
tree, ext4_es_find_delayed_extent() may uses a lot of CPU time.
Reported-by: NLKP project <lkp@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zheng.z.yan@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

When we try to split an extent, this extent could be zeroed out and mark
as initialized.  But we don't know this in ext4_map_blocks because it
only returns a length of allocated extent.  Meanwhile we will mark this
extent as uninitialized because we only check m_flags.

This commit update extent status tree when we try to split an unwritten
extent.  We don't need to worry about the status of this extent because
we always mark it as initialized.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>

This commit adds a self-testing infrastructure like extent tree does to
do a sanity check for extent status tree.  After status tree is as a
extent cache, we'd better to make sure that it caches right result.

After applied this commit, we will get a lot of messages when we run
xfstests as below.

...
kernel: ES len assertation failed for inode: 230 retval 1 != map->m_len
3 in ext4_map_blocks (allocation)
...
kernel: ES cache assertation failed for inode: 230 es_cached ex
[974/2/4781/20] != found ex [974/1/4781/1000]
...
kernel: ES insert assertation failed for inode: 635 ex_status
[0/45/21388/w] != es_status [44/1/21432/u]
...
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This fixes a regression introduced by commit f7fec032.  The
problem was that the extents status flags caused us to mask out block
numbers smaller than 2**28 blocks.  Since we didn't test with file
systems smaller than 512GB, we didn't notice this during the
development cycle.

A typical failure looks like this:

EXT4-fs error (device sdb1): htree_dirblock_to_tree:919: inode #172235804: block
152052301: comm ls: bad entry in directory: rec_len is smaller than minimal -
offset=0(0), inode=0, rec_len=0, name_len=0

... where 'debugfs -R "stat <172235804>" /dev/sdb1' reports that the
inode has block number 688923213.  When viewed in hex, block number
152052301 (from the syslog) is 0x910224D, while block number 688923213
is 0x2910224D.  Note the missing "0x20000000" in the block number.
Reported-by: NMarkus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Verified-by: NMarkus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Reported-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Verified-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Zheng Liu <gnehzuil.liu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

Although extent status is loaded on-demand, we also need to reclaim
extent from the tree when we are under a heavy memory pressure because
in some cases fragmented extent tree causes status tree costs too much
memory.

Here we maintain a lru list in super_block.  When the extent status of
an inode is accessed and changed, this inode will be move to the tail
of the list.  The inode will be dropped from this list when it is
cleared.  In the inode, a counter is added to count the number of
cached objects in extent status tree.  Here only written/unwritten/hole
extent is counted because delayed extent doesn't be reclaimed due to
fiemap, bigalloc and seek_data/hole need it.  The counter will be
increased as a new extent is allocated, and it will be decreased as a
extent is freed.

In this commit we use normal shrinker framework to reclaim memory from
the status tree.  ext4_es_reclaim_extents_count() traverses the lru list
to count the number of reclaimable extents.  ext4_es_shrink() tries to
reclaim written/unwritten/hole extents from extent status tree.  The
inode that has been shrunk is moved to the tail of lru list.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan kara <jack@suse.cz>

After tracking all extent status, we already have a extent cache in
memory.  Every time we want to lookup a block mapping, we can first
try to lookup it in extent status tree to avoid a potential disk I/O.

A new function called ext4_es_lookup_extent is defined to finish this
work.  When we try to lookup a block mapping, we always call
ext4_map_blocks and/or ext4_da_map_blocks.  So in these functions we
first try to lookup a block mapping in extent status tree.

A new flag EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_NO_PUT_HOLE is used in ext4_da_map_blocks
in order not to put a hole into extent status tree because this hole
will be converted to delayed extent in the tree immediately.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan kara <jack@suse.cz>

This commit renames ext4_es_find_extent with ext4_es_find_delayed_extent
and improve this function.  First, we split input and output parameter.
Second, this function never return the first block of the next delayed
extent after 'es'.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Jan kara <jack@suse.cz>

This commit adds two members in extent_status structure to let it record
physical block and extent status.  Here es_pblk is used to record both
of them because physical block only has 48 bits.  So extent status could
be stashed into it so that we can save some memory.  Now written,
unwritten, delayed and hole are defined as status.

Due to new member is added into extent status tree, all interfaces need
to be adjusted.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

This commit refines the extent status tree code.

1) A prefix 'es_' is added to to the extent status tree structure
members.

2) Refactored es_remove_extent() so that __es_remove_extent() can be
used by es_insert_extent() to remove the old extent entry(-ies) before
inserting a new one.

3) Rename extent_status_end() to ext4_es_end()

4) ext4_es_can_be_merged() is define to check whether two extents can
be merged or not.

5) Update and clarified comments.
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: NJan Kara <jack@suse.cz>

This patch adds operations on a extent status tree.

CC: Lukas Czerner <lczerner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAllison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

This patch adds two structures that supports extent status tree, extent_status
and ext4_es_tree.  Currently extent_status is used to track a delay extent for
an inode, which record the start block and the length of the delay extent.
ext4_es_tree is used to store all extent_status for an inode in memory.
Signed-off-by: NYongqiang Yang <xiaoqiangnk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAllison Henderson <achender@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NZheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>