When truncating a file we should check write access on the underlying
inode.  And we should do so on the lower file as well (before copy-up) for
consistency.

Original patch and test case by Aihua Zhang.

 - - >o >o - - test.c - - >o >o - -
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ret;

	ret = truncate(argv[0], 4096);
	if (ret != -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "truncate(argv[0]) should have failed\n");
		return 1;
	}
	if (errno != ETXTBSY) {
		perror("truncate(argv[0])");
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}
 - - >o >o - - >o >o - - >o >o - -
Reported-by: NAihua Zhang <zhangaihua1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

When using the 'default_permissions' mount option, ovl_permission() on
non-directories was missing a dput(alias), resulting in "BUG Dentry still
in use".
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Fixes: 8d3095f4 ("ovl: default permissions")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.5+

a) ovl_need_xattr_filter() is wrong, we can have multiple lower layers
overlaid, all of which (except the lowest one) honouring the
"trusted.overlay.opaque" xattr.  So need to filter everything except the
bottom and the pure-upper layer.

b) we no longer can assume that inode is attached to dentry in
get/setxattr.

This patch unconditionally filters private xattrs to fix both of the above.
Performance impact for get/removexattrs is likely in the noise.

For listxattrs it might be measurable in pathological cases, but I very
much hope nobody cares.  If they do, we'll fix it then.
Reported-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Fixes: b9680917 ("security_d_instantiate(): move to the point prior to attaching dentry to inode")

smack ->d_instantiate() uses ->setxattr(), so to be able to call it before
we'd hashed the new dentry and attached it to inode, we need ->setxattr()
instances getting the inode as an explicit argument rather than obtaining
it from dentry.

Similar change for ->getxattr() had been done in commit ce23e640.  Unlike
->getxattr() (which is used by both selinux and smack instances of
->d_instantiate()) ->setxattr() is used only by smack one and unfortunately
it got missed back then.
Reported-by: NSeung-Woo Kim <sw0312.kim@samsung.com>
Tested-by: NCasey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Overlayfs must update uid/gid after chown, otherwise functions
like inode_owner_or_capable() will check user against stale uid.
Catched by xfstests generic/087, it chowns file and calls utimes.
Signed-off-by: NKonstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

parallel to mutex_{lock,unlock,trylock,is_locked,lock_nested},
inode_foo(inode) being mutex_foo(&inode->i_mutex).

Please, use those for access to ->i_mutex; over the coming cycle
->i_mutex will become rwsem, with ->lookup() done with it held
only shared.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Without this copy-up of a file can be forced, even without actually being
allowed to do anything on the file.

[Arnd Bergmann] include <linux/pagemap.h> for PAGE_CACHE_SIZE (used by
MAX_LFS_FILESIZE definition).
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>

new method: ->get_link(); replacement of ->follow_link().  The differences
are:
	* inode and dentry are passed separately
	* might be called both in RCU and non-RCU mode;
the former is indicated by passing it a NULL dentry.
	* when called that way it isn't allowed to block
and should return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD) if it needs to be called
in non-RCU mode.

It's a flagday change - the old method is gone, all in-tree instances
converted.  Conversion isn't hard; said that, so far very few instances
do not immediately bail out when called in RCU mode.  That'll change
in the next commits.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

[Al Viro] The bug is in being too enthusiastic about optimizing ->setattr()
away - instead of "copy verbatim with metadata" + "chmod/chown/utimes"
(with the former being always safe and the latter failing in case of
insufficient permissions) it tries to combine these two.  Note that copyup
itself will have to do ->setattr() anyway; _that_ is where the elevated
capabilities are right.  Having these two ->setattr() (one to set verbatim
copy of metadata, another to do what overlayfs ->setattr() had been asked
to do in the first place) combined is where it breaks.
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Add mount option "default_permissions" to alter the way permissions are
calculated.

Without this option and prior to this patch permissions were calculated by
underlying lower or upper filesystem.

With this option the permissions are calculated by overlayfs based on the
file owner, group and mode bits.

This has significance for example when a read-only exported NFS filesystem
is used as a lower layer.  In this case the underlying NFS filesystem will
reply with EROFS, in which case all we know is that the filesystem is
read-only.  But that's not what we are interested in, we are interested in
whether the access would be allowed if the filesystem wasn't read-only; the
server doesn't tell us that, and would need updating at various levels,
which doesn't seem practicable.
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>

If two overlayfs filesystems are stacked on top of each other, then we need
recursion in ovl_d_select_inode().

I guess d_backing_inode() is supposed to do that.  But currently it doesn't
and that functionality is open coded in vfs_open().  This is now copied
into ovl_d_select_inode() to fix this regression.
Reported-by: NAlban Crequy <alban.crequy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Fixes: 4bacc9c9 ("overlayfs: Make f_path always point to the overlay...")
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.2+

when opening a directory we want the overlayfs inode, not one from
the topmost layer.
Reported-By: NAndrey Jr. Melnikov <temnota.am@gmail.com>
Tested-By: NAndrey Jr. Melnikov <temnota.am@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Make file->f_path always point to the overlay dentry so that the path in
/proc/pid/fd is correct and to ensure that label-based LSMs have access to the
overlay as well as the underlay (path-based LSMs probably don't need it).

Using my union testsuite to set things up, before the patch I see:

	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# bash 5</mnt/a/foo107
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# ls -l /proc/$$/fd/
	...
	lr-x------. 1 root root 64 Jun  5 14:38 5 -> /a/foo107
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# stat /mnt/a/foo107
	...
	Device: 23h/35d Inode: 13381       Links: 1
	...
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# stat -L /proc/$$/fd/5
	...
	Device: 23h/35d Inode: 13381       Links: 1
	...

After the patch:

	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# bash 5</mnt/a/foo107
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# ls -l /proc/$$/fd/
	...
	lr-x------. 1 root root 64 Jun  5 14:22 5 -> /mnt/a/foo107
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# stat /mnt/a/foo107
	...
	Device: 23h/35d Inode: 40346       Links: 1
	...
	[root@andromeda union-testsuite]# stat -L /proc/$$/fd/5
	...
	Device: 23h/35d Inode: 40346       Links: 1
	...

Note the change in where /proc/$$/fd/5 points to in the ls command.  It was
pointing to /a/foo107 (which doesn't exist) and now points to /mnt/a/foo107
(which is correct).

The inode accessed, however, is the lower layer.  The union layer is on device
25h/37d and the upper layer on 24h/36d.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Call ovl_drop_write() earlier in ovl_dentry_open() before we call vfs_open()
as we've done the copy up for which we needed the freeze-write lock by that
point.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

only one instance looks at that argument at all; that sole
exception wants inode rather than dentry.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

its only use is getting passed to nd_jump_link(), which can obtain
it from current->nameidata
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

a) instead of storing the symlink body (via nd_set_link()) and returning
an opaque pointer later passed to ->put_link(), ->follow_link() _stores_
that opaque pointer (into void * passed by address by caller) and returns
the symlink body.  Returning ERR_PTR() on error, NULL on jump (procfs magic
symlinks) and pointer to symlink body for normal symlinks.  Stored pointer
is ignored in all cases except the last one.

Storing NULL for opaque pointer (or not storing it at all) means no call
of ->put_link().

b) the body used to be passed to ->put_link() implicitly (via nameidata).
Now only the opaque pointer is.  In the cases when we used the symlink body
to free stuff, ->follow_link() now should store it as opaque pointer in addition
to returning it.
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

ovl_follow_link current calls ->put_link on an error path.
However ->put_link is about to change in a way that it will be
impossible to call it from ovl_follow_link.

So rearrange the code to avoid the need for that error path.
Specifically: move the kmalloc() call before the ->follow_link()
call to the subordinate filesystem.
Signed-off-by: NNeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

This patch adds two macros:

OVL_XATTR_PRE_NAME and OVL_XATTR_PRE_LEN

to present ovl_xattr name prefix and its length. Also, a
new macro OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE is introduced to replace old
*ovl_opaque_xattr*.

Fix the length of "trusted.overlay." to *16*.
Signed-off-by: Nhujianyang <hujianyang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

This patch removes redundant blanks lines in overlayfs.
Signed-off-by: Nhujianyang <hujianyang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

OVL_PATH_PURE_UPPER -> __OVL_PATH_UPPER | __OVL_PATH_PURE
OVL_PATH_UPPER      -> __OVL_PATH_UPPER
OVL_PATH_MERGE      -> __OVL_PATH_UPPER | __OVL_PATH_MERGE
OVL_PATH_LOWER      -> 0

Multiple R/O layers will allow __OVL_PATH_MERGE without __OVL_PATH_UPPER.
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

Xattr operations can race with copy up.  This does not matter as long as
we consistently fiter out "trunsted.overlay.opaque" attribute on upper
directories.

Previously we checked parent against OVL_PATH_MERGE.  This is too general,
and prone to race with copy-up.  I.e. we found the parent to be on the
lower layer but ovl_dentry_real() would return the copied-up dentry,
possibly with the "opaque" attribute.

So instead use ovl_path_real() and decide to filter the attributes based on
the actual type of the dentry we'll use.
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>

Overlayfs allows one, usually read-write, directory tree to be
overlaid onto another, read-only directory tree.  All modifications
go to the upper, writable layer.

This type of mechanism is most often used for live CDs but there's a
wide variety of other uses.

The implementation differs from other "union filesystem"
implementations in that after a file is opened all operations go
directly to the underlying, lower or upper, filesystems.  This
simplifies the implementation and allows native performance in these
cases.

The dentry tree is duplicated from the underlying filesystems, this
enables fast cached lookups without adding special support into the
VFS.  This uses slightly more memory than union mounts, but dentries
are relatively small.

Currently inodes are duplicated as well, but it is a possible
optimization to share inodes for non-directories.

Opening non directories results in the open forwarded to the
underlying filesystem.  This makes the behavior very similar to union
mounts (with the same limitations vs. fchmod/fchown on O_RDONLY file
descriptors).

Usage:

  mount -t overlayfs overlayfs -olowerdir=/lower,upperdir=/upper/upper,workdir=/upper/work /overlay

The following cotributions have been folded into this patch:

Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>:
 - minimal remount support
 - use correct seek function for directories
 - initialise is_real before use
 - rename ovl_fill_cache to ovl_dir_read

Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>:
 - fix a deadlock in ovl_dir_read_merged
 - fix a deadlock in ovl_remove_whiteouts

Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
 - fix cleanup after WARN_ON

Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@googlemail.com>
 - fix up permission to confirm to new API

Robin Dong <hao.bigrat@gmail.com>
 - fix possible leak in ovl_new_inode
 - create new inode in ovl_link

Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
 - switch to __inode_permission()
 - copy up i_uid/i_gid from the underlying inode

AV:
 - ovl_copy_up_locked() - dput(ERR_PTR(...)) on two failure exits
 - ovl_clear_empty() - one failure exit forgetting to do unlock_rename(),
   lack of check for udir being the parent of upper, dropping and regaining
   the lock on udir (which would require _another_ check for parent being
   right).
 - bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename [fix from your mail]
 - copyup/remove and copyup/rename races [fix from your mail]
 - ovl_dir_fsync() leaving ERR_PTR() in ->realfile
 - ovl_entry_free() is pointless - it's just a kfree_rcu()
 - fold ovl_do_lookup() into ovl_lookup()
 - manually assigning ->d_op is wrong.  Just use ->s_d_op.
 [patches picked from Miklos]:
 * copyup/remove and copyup/rename races
 * bogus d_drop() in copyup and rename

Also thanks to the following people for testing and reporting bugs:

  Jordi Pujol <jordipujolp@gmail.com>
  Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
  Michal Suchanek <hramrach@centrum.cz>
  Felix Fietkau <nbd@openwrt.org>
  Erez Zadok <ezk@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
  Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>