The kernel build bot showed a new warning triggered by commit:

  76695af2 ("locking, arch: use WRITE_ONCE()/READ_ONCE() in smp_store_release()/smp_load_acquire()")

because Sparse does not like WRITE_ONCE() accessing elements
from the (sparse) RCU address space:

  fs/afs/inode.c:448:9: sparse: incorrect type in initializer (different address spaces)
  fs/afs/inode.c:448:9:    expected struct afs_permits *__val
  fs/afs/inode.c:448:9:    got void [noderef] <asn:4>*<noident>

Solution is to force cast away the sparse attributes for the initializer
of the union in WRITE_ONCE().

(And as this now gets too long, also split the macro into multiple lines.)
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1438674948-38310-2-git-send-email-borntraeger@de.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Move the definition of __pmem outside of CONFIG_SPARSE_RCU_POINTER to fix:

drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c:198:17: sparse: too many arguments for function __builtin_expect
drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c:36:33: sparse: expected ; at end of declaration
drivers/nvdimm/pmem.c:48:21: sparse: void declaration

...due to __pmem failing to be defined in some configurations when
CONFIG_SPARSE_RCU_POINTER=y.
Reported-by: Nkbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reported-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

Based on an original patch by Ross Zwisler [1].

Writes to persistent memory have the potential to be posted to cpu
cache, cpu write buffers, and platform write buffers (memory controller)
before being committed to persistent media.  Provide apis,
memcpy_to_pmem(), wmb_pmem(), and memremap_pmem(), to write data to
pmem and assert that it is durable in PMEM (a persistent linear address
range).  A '__pmem' attribute is added so sparse can track proper usage
of pointers to pmem.

This continues the status quo of pmem being x86 only for 4.2, but
reworks to ioremap, and wider implementation of memremap() will enable
other archs in 4.3.

[1]: https://lists.01.org/pipermail/linux-nvdimm/2015-May/000932.html

Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NRoss Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
[djbw: various reworks]
Signed-off-by: NDan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

This mirrors the change introduced by 7d0ae808 of same title
in Linus' tree; it's not obvious as a merge resolution since we moved
the function.
Signed-off-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

I want to use lockless_dereference() from seqlock.h, which would mean
including rcupdate.h from it, however rcupdate.h already includes
seqlock.h.

Avoid this by moving lockless_dereference() into compiler.h. This is
somewhat tricky since it uses smp_read_barrier_depends() which isn't
available there, but its a CPP macro so we can get away with it.

The alternative would be moving it into asm/barrier.h, but that would
be updating each arch (I can do if people feel that is more
appropriate).

Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The current formulation of control dependencies fails on DEC Alpha,
which does not respect dependencies of any kind unless an explicit
memory barrier is provided.  This means that the current fomulation of
control dependencies fails on Alpha.  This commit therefore creates a
READ_ONCE_CTRL() that has the same overhead on non-Alpha systems, but
causes Alpha to produce the needed ordering.  This commit also applies
READ_ONCE_CTRL() to the one known use of control dependencies.

Use of READ_ONCE_CTRL() also has the beneficial effect of adding a bit
of self-documentation to control dependencies.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>

Since we assume set_mb() to result in a single store followed by a
full memory barrier, employ WRITE_ONCE().
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Looks like commit :

 43239cbe ("kernel: Change ASSIGN_ONCE(val, x) to WRITE_ONCE(x, val)")

left behind a reference to ASSIGN_ONCE(). Update this to WRITE_ONCE().
Signed-off-by: NPreeti U Murthy <preeti@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: borntraeger@de.ibm.com
Cc: dave@stgolabs.net
Cc: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150430115721.22278.94082.stgit@preeti.in.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

In commit 0b053c95 ("lib: memzero_explicit: use barrier instead
of OPTIMIZER_HIDE_VAR"), we made memzero_explicit() more robust in
case LTO would decide to inline memzero_explicit() and eventually
find out it could be elimiated as dead store.

While using barrier() works well for the case of gcc, recent efforts
from LLVMLinux people suggest to use llvm as an alternative to gcc,
and there, Stephan found in a simple stand-alone user space example
that llvm could nevertheless optimize and thus elimitate the memset().
A similar issue has been observed in the referenced llvm bug report,
which is regarded as not-a-bug.

Based on some experiments, icc is a bit special on its own, while it
doesn't seem to eliminate the memset(), it could do so with an own
implementation, and then result in similar findings as with llvm.

The fix in this patch now works for all three compilers (also tested
with more aggressive optimization levels). Arguably, in the current
kernel tree it's more of a theoretical issue, but imho, it's better
to be pedantic about it.

It's clearly visible with gcc/llvm though, with the below code: if we
would have used barrier() only here, llvm would have omitted clearing,
not so with barrier_data() variant:

  static inline void memzero_explicit(void *s, size_t count)
  {
    memset(s, 0, count);
    barrier_data(s);
  }

  int main(void)
  {
    char buff[20];
    memzero_explicit(buff, sizeof(buff));
    return 0;
  }

  $ gcc -O2 test.c
  $ gdb a.out
  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x0000000000400400  <+0>: lea   -0x28(%rsp),%rax
   0x0000000000400405  <+5>: movq  $0x0,-0x28(%rsp)
   0x000000000040040e <+14>: movq  $0x0,-0x20(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400417 <+23>: movl  $0x0,-0x18(%rsp)
   0x000000000040041f <+31>: xor   %eax,%eax
   0x0000000000400421 <+33>: retq
  End of assembler dump.

  $ clang -O2 test.c
  $ gdb a.out
  (gdb) disassemble main
  Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x00000000004004f0  <+0>: xorps  %xmm0,%xmm0
   0x00000000004004f3  <+3>: movaps %xmm0,-0x18(%rsp)
   0x00000000004004f8  <+8>: movl   $0x0,-0x8(%rsp)
   0x0000000000400500 <+16>: lea    -0x18(%rsp),%rax
   0x0000000000400505 <+21>: xor    %eax,%eax
   0x0000000000400507 <+23>: retq
  End of assembler dump.

As gcc, clang, but also icc defines __GNUC__, it's sufficient to define
this in compiler-gcc.h only to be picked up. For a fallback or otherwise
unsupported compiler, we define it as a barrier. Similarly, for ecc which
does not support gcc inline asm.

Reference: https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=15495Reported-by: NStephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Tested-by: NStephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Stephan Mueller <smueller@chronox.de>
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: mancha security <mancha1@zoho.com>
Cc: Mark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com>
Cc: Behan Webster <behanw@converseincode.com>
Signed-off-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

The fact that volatile allows for atomic load/stores is a special case
not a requirement for {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(). Their primary purpose is to
force the compiler to emit load/stores _once_.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Acked-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The use of READ_ONCE() causes lots of warnings witht he pending paravirt
spinlock fixes, because those ends up having passing a member to a
'const' structure to READ_ONCE().

There should certainly be nothing wrong with using READ_ONCE() with a
const source, but the helper function __read_once_size() would cause
warnings because it would drop the 'const' qualifier, but also because
the destination would be marked 'const' too due to the use of 'typeof'.

Use a union of types in READ_ONCE() to avoid this issue.

Also make sure to use parenthesis around the macro arguments to avoid
possible operator precedence issues.
Tested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

gcc supports an s390 specific function attribute called "hotpatch".
It can be used to specify the number of halfwords that shall be added before
and after a function and which shall be filled with nops for runtime patching.

s390 will use the hotpatch attribute for function tracing, therefore make
sure that the notrace function attribute either disables the mcount call
or in case of hotpatch nop generation.
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>

Commit 927609d6 ("kernel: tighten rules for ACCESS ONCE") results in
sparse warnings like "Using plain integer as NULL pointer" - Let's add a
type cast to the dummy assignment.
To avoid warnings lik "sparse: warning: cast to restricted __hc32" we also
use __force on that cast.

Fixes: 927609d6 ("kernel: tighten rules for ACCESS ONCE")
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>

Now that all non-scalar users of ACCESS_ONCE have been converted
to READ_ONCE or ASSIGN once, lets tighten ACCESS_ONCE to only
work on scalar types.
This variant was proposed by Alexei Starovoitov.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Feedback has shown that WRITE_ONCE(x, val) is easier to use than
ASSIGN_ONCE(val,x).
There are no in-tree users yet, so lets change it for 3.19.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NDavidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Acked-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

CPUs without single-byte and double-byte loads and stores place some
"interesting" requirements on concurrent code.  For example (adapted
from Peter Hurley's test code), suppose we have the following structure:

	struct foo {
		spinlock_t lock1;
		spinlock_t lock2;
		char a; /* Protected by lock1. */
		char b; /* Protected by lock2. */
	};
	struct foo *foop;

Of course, it is common (and good) practice to place data protected
by different locks in separate cache lines.  However, if the locks are
rarely acquired (for example, only in rare error cases), and there are
a great many instances of the data structure, then memory footprint can
trump false-sharing concerns, so that it can be better to place them in
the same cache cache line as above.

But if the CPU does not support single-byte loads and stores, a store
to foop->a will do a non-atomic read-modify-write operation on foop->b,
which will come as a nasty surprise to someone holding foop->lock2.  So we
now require CPUs to support single-byte and double-byte loads and stores.
Therefore, this commit adjusts the definition of __native_word() to allow
these sizes to be used by smp_load_acquire() and smp_store_release().
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>

ACCESS_ONCE does not work reliably on non-scalar types. For
example gcc 4.6 and 4.7 might remove the volatile tag for such
accesses during the SRA (scalar replacement of aggregates) step
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=58145)

Let's provide READ_ONCE/ASSIGN_ONCE that will do all accesses via
scalar types as suggested by Linus Torvalds. Accesses larger than
the machines word size cannot be guaranteed to be atomic. These
macros will use memcpy and emit a build warning.
Signed-off-by: NChristian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>

Usually, BUG_ON and friends aren't even evaluated in sparse, but recently
compiletime_assert_atomic_type() was added, and that now results in a
sparse warning every time it is used.

The reason turns out to be the temporary variable, after it sparse no
longer considers the value to be a constant, and results in a warning and
an error.  The error is the more annoying part of this as it suppresses
any further warnings in the same file, hiding other problems.

Unfortunately the condition cannot be simply expanded out to avoid the
temporary variable since it breaks compiletime_assert on old versions of
GCC such as GCC 4.2.4 which the latest metag compiler is based on.

Therefore #ifndef __CHECKER__ out the __compiletime_error_fallback which
uses the potentially negative size array to trigger a conditional compiler
error, so that sparse doesn't see it.
Signed-off-by: NJames Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Luciano Coelho <luciano.coelho@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() macro which builds a kprobes
blacklist at kernel build time.

The usage of this macro is similar to EXPORT_SYMBOL(),
placed after the function definition:

  NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(function);

Since this macro will inhibit inlining of static/inline
functions, this patch also introduces a nokprobe_inline macro
for static/inline functions. In this case, we must use
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() for the inline function caller.

When CONFIG_KPROBES=y, the macro stores the given function
address in the "_kprobe_blacklist" section.

Since the data structures are not fully initialized by the
macro (because there is no "size" information),  those
are re-initialized at boot time by using kallsyms.
Signed-off-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140417081705.26341.96719.stgit@ltc230.yrl.intra.hitachi.co.jp
Cc: Alok Kataria <akataria@vmware.com>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jan-Simon Möller <dl9pf@gmx.de>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-sparse@vger.kernel.org
Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Add a compiler-clang.h file to add specific macros needed for compiling the
kernel with clang.

Initially the only override required is the macro for silencing the
compiler for a purposefully uninintialized variable.

Author: Mark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMark Charlebois <charlebm@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NBehan Webster <behanw@converseincode.com>

A number of situations currently require the heavyweight smp_mb(),
even though there is no need to order prior stores against later
loads.  Many architectures have much cheaper ways to handle these
situations, but the Linux kernel currently has no portable way
to make use of them.

This commit therefore supplies smp_load_acquire() and
smp_store_release() to remedy this situation.  The new
smp_load_acquire() primitive orders the specified load against
any subsequent reads or writes, while the new smp_store_release()
primitive orders the specifed store against any prior reads or
writes.  These primitives allow array-based circular FIFOs to be
implemented without an smp_mb(), and also allow a theoretical
hole in rcu_assign_pointer() to be closed at no additional
expense on most architectures.

In addition, the RCU experience transitioning from explicit
smp_read_barrier_depends() and smp_wmb() to rcu_dereference()
and rcu_assign_pointer(), respectively resulted in substantial
improvements in readability.  It therefore seems likely that
replacing other explicit barriers with smp_load_acquire() and
smp_store_release() will provide similar benefits.  It appears
that roughly half of the explicit barriers in core kernel code
might be so replaced.

[Changelog by PaulMck]
Reviewed-by: N"Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Victor Kaplansky <VICTORK@il.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20131213150640.908486364@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Disabling compiler optimizations can be fragile, since a new
optimization could be added to -O0 or -Os that breaks the assumptions
the code is making.

Instead of disabling compiler optimizations, use a dummy inline assembly
(based on RELOC_HIDE) to block the problematic kinds of optimization,
while still allowing other optimizations to be applied to the code.

The dummy inline assembly is added after every OR, and has the
accumulator variable as its input and output. The compiler is forced to
assume that the dummy inline assembly could both depend on the
accumulator variable and change the accumulator variable, so it is
forced to compute the value correctly before the inline assembly, and
cannot assume anything about its value after the inline assembly.

This change should be enough to make crypto_memneq work correctly (with
data-independent timing) even if it is inlined at its call sites. That
can be done later in a followup patch.

Compile-tested on x86_64.
Signed-off-by: NCesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.eti.br>
Acked-by: NDaniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NHerbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>

Currently, __kprobes is defined in linux/kprobes.h which
is too big to be included in small or basic headers
that want to make use of this simple attribute.

So move __kprobes definition into linux/compiler.h
in which other compiler attributes are defined.
Signed-off-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Timo Juhani Lindfors <timo.lindfors@iki.fi>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Nadia Yvette Chambers <nyc@holomorphy.com>
Cc: yrl.pp-manager.tt@hitachi.com
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130404104049.21071.20908.stgit@mhiramat-M0-7522
[ Improved the attribute explanation a bit. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Introduce compiletime_assert to compiler.h, which moves the details of
how to break a build and emit an error message for a specific compiler
to the headers where these details should be.  Following in the
tradition of the POSIX assert macro, compiletime_assert creates a
build-time error when the supplied condition is *false*.

Next, we add BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG to bug.h which simply wraps
compiletime_assert, inverting the logic, so that it fails when the
condition is *true*, consistent with the language "build bug on." This
macro allows you to specify the error message you want emitted when the
supplied condition is true.

Finally, we remove all other code from bug.h that mucks with these
details (BUILD_BUG & BUILD_BUG_ON), and have them all call
BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG.  This not only reduces source code bloat, but also
prevents the possibility of code being changed for one macro and not for
the other (which was previously the case for BUILD_BUG and
BUILD_BUG_ON).

Since __compiletime_error_fallback is now only used in compiler.h, I'm
considering it a private macro and removing the double negation that's
now extraneous.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Prior to the introduction of __attribute__((error("msg"))) in gcc 4.3,
creating compile-time errors required a little trickery.
BUILD_BUG{,_ON} uses this attribute when available to generate
compile-time errors, but also uses the negative-sized array trick for
older compilers, resulting in two error messages in some cases.  The
reason it's "some" cases is that as of gcc 4.4, the negative-sized array
will not create an error in some situations, like inline functions.

This patch replaces the negative-sized array code with the new
__compiletime_error_fallback() macro which expands to the same thing
unless the the error attribute is available, in which case it expands to
do{}while(0), resulting in exactly one compile-time error on all
versions of gcc.

Note that we are not changing the negative-sized array code for the
unoptimized version of BUILD_BUG_ON, since it has the potential to catch
problems that would be disabled in later versions of gcc were
__compiletime_error_fallback used.  The reason is that that an
unoptimized build can't always remove calls to an error-attributed
function call (like we are using) that should effectively become dead
code if it were optimized.  However, using a negative-sized array with a
similar value will not result in an false-positive (error).  The only
caveat being that it will also fail to catch valid conditions, which we
should be expecting in an unoptimized build anyway.
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

__linktime_error() does the same thing as __compiletime_error() and is
only used in bug.h.  Since the macro defines a function attribute that
will cause a failure at compile-time (not link-time), it makes more sense
to keep __compiletime_error(), which is also neatly mated with
__compiletime_warning().
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

linux/compiler.h has macros to denote functions that acquire or release
locks, but not to denote functions called with a lock held that return
with the lock still held.  Add a __must_hold macro to cover that case.
Signed-off-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reported-by: NEd Cashin <ecashin@coraid.com>
Tested-by: NEd Cashin <ecashin@coraid.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Jan Beulich points out __COUNTER__ (gcc 4.3 and above), so let's use
that to create unique ids.  This is better than __LINE__ which we use
today, so provide a wrapper.

Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com> reported that some module parameters
start with a digit, so we need to prepend when we for the unique id.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: NJan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>

gcc 4.6+ has support for a externally_visible attribute that prevents the
optimizer from optimizing unused symbols away.  Add a __visible macro to
use it with that compiler version or later.

This is used (at least) by the "Link Time Optimization" patchset.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NAlexander Stein <alexander.stein@systec-electronic.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

We can place this in definitions that we expect the compiler to remove by
dead code elimination.  If this assertion fails, we get a nice error
message at build time.

The GCC function attribute error("message") was added in version 4.3, so
we define a new macro __linktime_error(message) to expand to this for
GCC-4.3 and later.  This will give us an error diagnostic from the
compiler on the line that fails.  For other compilers
__linktime_error(message) expands to nothing, and we have to be content
with a link time error, but at least we will still get a build error.

BUILD_BUG() expands to the undefined function __build_bug_failed() and
will fail at link time if the compiler ever emits code for it.  On GCC-4.3
and later, attribute((error())) is used so that the failure will be noted
at compile time instead.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: DM <dm.n9107@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This commit provides definitions for the __rcu annotation defined earlier.
This annotation permits sparse to check for correct use of RCU-protected
pointers.  If a pointer that is annotated with __rcu is accessed
directly (as opposed to via rcu_dereference(), rcu_assign_pointer(),
or one of their variants), sparse can be made to complain.  To enable
such complaints, use the new default-disabled CONFIG_SPARSE_RCU_POINTER
kernel configuration option.  Please note that these sparse complaints are
intended to be a debugging aid, -not- a code-style-enforcement mechanism.

There are special rcu_dereference_protected() and rcu_access_pointer()
accessors for use when RCU read-side protection is not required, for
example, when no other CPU has access to the data structure in question
or while the current CPU hold the update-side lock.

This patch also updates a number of docbook comments that were showing
their age.
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org>
Reviewed-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This commit defines an __rcu API, but provides only vacuous definitions
for it.  This breaks dependencies among most of the subsequent patches,
allowing them to reach mainline asynchronously via whatever trees are
appropriate.
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

This is to make the annotation of percpu variables during the next merge
window less painfull.

Extracted from a patch by Rusty Russell.
Signed-off-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Starting with version 4.5, GCC has a new built-in function
__builtin_unreachable() that can be used in places like the kernel's
BUG() where inline assembly is used to transfer control flow.  This
eliminated the need for an endless loop in these places.

The patch adds a new macro 'unreachable()' that will expand to either
__builtin_unreachable() or an endless loop depending on the compiler
version.

Change from v1: Simplify unreachable() for non-GCC 4.5 case.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: NRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I wrote some code which is used as compile-time checker, and the
code should be elided after compile.

So I need to annotate the code as "always unused", compared to
"maybe unused".
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <4AEE2CEC.8040206@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

We have to make __kernel "__attribute__((address_space(0)))" so we can
cast to it.

tj: * put_cpu_var() update.

    * Annotations added to dynamic allocator interface.
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

For automated testing it is useful to have the option to turn
the warnings on copy_from_user() etc checks into errors:

 In function ‘copy_from_user’,
     inlined from ‘fd_copyin’ at drivers/block/floppy.c:3080,
     inlined from ‘fd_ioctl’ at drivers/block/floppy.c:3503:
   linux/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h:213:
  error: call to ‘copy_from_user_overflow’ declared with attribute error:
  copy_from_user buffer size is not provably correct
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <20091002075050.4e9f7641@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

A previous patch added the buffer size check to copy_from_user().

One of the things learned from analyzing the result of the previous
patch is that in general, gcc is really good at proving that the
code contains sufficient security checks to not need to do a
runtime check. But that for those cases where gcc could not prove
this, there was a relatively high percentage of real security
issues.

This patch turns the case of "gcc cannot prove" into a compile time
warning, as long as a sufficiently new gcc is in use that supports
this. The objective is that these warnings will trigger developers
checking new cases out before a security hole enters a linux kernel
release.
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090930130523.348ae6c4@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

gcc (4.x) supports the __builtin_object_size() builtin, which
reports the size of an object that a pointer point to, when known
at compile time. If the buffer size is not known at compile time, a
constant -1 is returned.

This patch uses this feature to add a sanity check to
copy_from_user(); if the target buffer is known to be smaller than
the copy size, the copy is aborted and a WARNing is emitted in
memory debug mode.

These extra checks compile away when the object size is not known,
or if both the buffer size and the copy length are constants.
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090926143301.2c396b94@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>