Add a system call to make extended file information available, including
file creation and some attribute flags where available through the
underlying filesystem.

The getattr inode operation is altered to take two additional arguments: a
u32 request_mask and an unsigned int flags that indicate the
synchronisation mode.  This change is propagated to the vfs_getattr*()
function.

Functions like vfs_stat() are now inline wrappers around new functions
vfs_statx() and vfs_statx_fd() to reduce stack usage.

========
OVERVIEW
========

The idea was initially proposed as a set of xattrs that could be retrieved
with getxattr(), but the general preference proved to be for a new syscall
with an extended stat structure.

A number of requests were gathered for features to be included.  The
following have been included:

 (1) Make the fields a consistent size on all arches and make them large.

 (2) Spare space, request flags and information flags are provided for
     future expansion.

 (3) Better support for the y2038 problem [Arnd Bergmann] (tv_sec is an
     __s64).

 (4) Creation time: The SMB protocol carries the creation time, which could
     be exported by Samba, which will in turn help CIFS make use of
     FS-Cache as that can be used for coherency data (stx_btime).

     This is also specified in NFSv4 as a recommended attribute and could
     be exported by NFSD [Steve French].

 (5) Lightweight stat: Ask for just those details of interest, and allow a
     netfs (such as NFS) to approximate anything not of interest, possibly
     without going to the server [Trond Myklebust, Ulrich Drepper, Andreas
     Dilger] (AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC).

 (6) Heavyweight stat: Force a netfs to go to the server, even if it thinks
     its cached attributes are up to date [Trond Myklebust]
     (AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC).

And the following have been left out for future extension:

 (7) Data version number: Could be used by userspace NFS servers [Aneesh
     Kumar].

     Can also be used to modify fill_post_wcc() in NFSD which retrieves
     i_version directly, but has just called vfs_getattr().  It could get
     it from the kstat struct if it used vfs_xgetattr() instead.

     (There's disagreement on the exact semantics of a single field, since
     not all filesystems do this the same way).

 (8) BSD stat compatibility: Including more fields from the BSD stat such
     as creation time (st_btime) and inode generation number (st_gen)
     [Jeremy Allison, Bernd Schubert].

 (9) Inode generation number: Useful for FUSE and userspace NFS servers
     [Bernd Schubert].

     (This was asked for but later deemed unnecessary with the
     open-by-handle capability available and caused disagreement as to
     whether it's a security hole or not).

(10) Extra coherency data may be useful in making backups [Andreas Dilger].

     (No particular data were offered, but things like last backup
     timestamp, the data version number and the DOS archive bit would come
     into this category).

(11) Allow the filesystem to indicate what it can/cannot provide: A
     filesystem can now say it doesn't support a standard stat feature if
     that isn't available, so if, for instance, inode numbers or UIDs don't
     exist or are fabricated locally...

     (This requires a separate system call - I have an fsinfo() call idea
     for this).

(12) Store a 16-byte volume ID in the superblock that can be returned in
     struct xstat [Steve French].

     (Deferred to fsinfo).

(13) Include granularity fields in the time data to indicate the
     granularity of each of the times (NFSv4 time_delta) [Steve French].

     (Deferred to fsinfo).

(14) FS_IOC_GETFLAGS value.  These could be translated to BSD's st_flags.
     Note that the Linux IOC flags are a mess and filesystems such as Ext4
     define flags that aren't in linux/fs.h, so translation in the kernel
     may be a necessity (or, possibly, we provide the filesystem type too).

     (Some attributes are made available in stx_attributes, but the general
     feeling was that the IOC flags were to ext[234]-specific and shouldn't
     be exposed through statx this way).

(15) Mask of features available on file (eg: ACLs, seclabel) [Brad Boyer,
     Michael Kerrisk].

     (Deferred, probably to fsinfo.  Finding out if there's an ACL or
     seclabal might require extra filesystem operations).

(16) Femtosecond-resolution timestamps [Dave Chinner].

     (A __reserved field has been left in the statx_timestamp struct for
     this - if there proves to be a need).

(17) A set multiple attributes syscall to go with this.

===============
NEW SYSTEM CALL
===============

The new system call is:

	int ret = statx(int dfd,
			const char *filename,
			unsigned int flags,
			unsigned int mask,
			struct statx *buffer);

The dfd, filename and flags parameters indicate the file to query, in a
similar way to fstatat().  There is no equivalent of lstat() as that can be
emulated with statx() by passing AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW in flags.  There is
also no equivalent of fstat() as that can be emulated by passing a NULL
filename to statx() with the fd of interest in dfd.

Whether or not statx() synchronises the attributes with the backing store
can be controlled by OR'ing a value into the flags argument (this typically
only affects network filesystems):

 (1) AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT tells statx() to behave as stat() does in this
     respect.

 (2) AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC will require a network filesystem to synchronise
     its attributes with the server - which might require data writeback to
     occur to get the timestamps correct.

 (3) AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC will suppress synchronisation with the server in a
     network filesystem.  The resulting values should be considered
     approximate.

mask is a bitmask indicating the fields in struct statx that are of
interest to the caller.  The user should set this to STATX_BASIC_STATS to
get the basic set returned by stat().  It should be noted that asking for
more information may entail extra I/O operations.

buffer points to the destination for the data.  This must be 256 bytes in
size.

======================
MAIN ATTRIBUTES RECORD
======================

The following structures are defined in which to return the main attribute
set:

	struct statx_timestamp {
		__s64	tv_sec;
		__s32	tv_nsec;
		__s32	__reserved;
	};

	struct statx {
		__u32	stx_mask;
		__u32	stx_blksize;
		__u64	stx_attributes;
		__u32	stx_nlink;
		__u32	stx_uid;
		__u32	stx_gid;
		__u16	stx_mode;
		__u16	__spare0[1];
		__u64	stx_ino;
		__u64	stx_size;
		__u64	stx_blocks;
		__u64	__spare1[1];
		struct statx_timestamp	stx_atime;
		struct statx_timestamp	stx_btime;
		struct statx_timestamp	stx_ctime;
		struct statx_timestamp	stx_mtime;
		__u32	stx_rdev_major;
		__u32	stx_rdev_minor;
		__u32	stx_dev_major;
		__u32	stx_dev_minor;
		__u64	__spare2[14];
	};

The defined bits in request_mask and stx_mask are:

	STATX_TYPE		Want/got stx_mode & S_IFMT
	STATX_MODE		Want/got stx_mode & ~S_IFMT
	STATX_NLINK		Want/got stx_nlink
	STATX_UID		Want/got stx_uid
	STATX_GID		Want/got stx_gid
	STATX_ATIME		Want/got stx_atime{,_ns}
	STATX_MTIME		Want/got stx_mtime{,_ns}
	STATX_CTIME		Want/got stx_ctime{,_ns}
	STATX_INO		Want/got stx_ino
	STATX_SIZE		Want/got stx_size
	STATX_BLOCKS		Want/got stx_blocks
	STATX_BASIC_STATS	[The stuff in the normal stat struct]
	STATX_BTIME		Want/got stx_btime{,_ns}
	STATX_ALL		[All currently available stuff]

stx_btime is the file creation time, stx_mask is a bitmask indicating the
data provided and __spares*[] are where as-yet undefined fields can be
placed.

Time fields are structures with separate seconds and nanoseconds fields
plus a reserved field in case we want to add even finer resolution.  Note
that times will be negative if before 1970; in such a case, the nanosecond
fields will also be negative if not zero.

The bits defined in the stx_attributes field convey information about a
file, how it is accessed, where it is and what it does.  The following
attributes map to FS_*_FL flags and are the same numerical value:

	STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED		File is compressed by the fs
	STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE		File is marked immutable
	STATX_ATTR_APPEND		File is append-only
	STATX_ATTR_NODUMP		File is not to be dumped
	STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED		File requires key to decrypt in fs

Within the kernel, the supported flags are listed by:

	KSTAT_ATTR_FS_IOC_FLAGS

[Are any other IOC flags of sufficient general interest to be exposed
through this interface?]

New flags include:

	STATX_ATTR_AUTOMOUNT		Object is an automount trigger

These are for the use of GUI tools that might want to mark files specially,
depending on what they are.

Fields in struct statx come in a number of classes:

 (0) stx_dev_*, stx_blksize.

     These are local system information and are always available.

 (1) stx_mode, stx_nlinks, stx_uid, stx_gid, stx_[amc]time, stx_ino,
     stx_size, stx_blocks.

     These will be returned whether the caller asks for them or not.  The
     corresponding bits in stx_mask will be set to indicate whether they
     actually have valid values.

     If the caller didn't ask for them, then they may be approximated.  For
     example, NFS won't waste any time updating them from the server,
     unless as a byproduct of updating something requested.

     If the values don't actually exist for the underlying object (such as
     UID or GID on a DOS file), then the bit won't be set in the stx_mask,
     even if the caller asked for the value.  In such a case, the returned
     value will be a fabrication.

     Note that there are instances where the type might not be valid, for
     instance Windows reparse points.

 (2) stx_rdev_*.

     This will be set only if stx_mode indicates we're looking at a
     blockdev or a chardev, otherwise will be 0.

 (3) stx_btime.

     Similar to (1), except this will be set to 0 if it doesn't exist.

=======
TESTING
=======

The following test program can be used to test the statx system call:

	samples/statx/test-statx.c

Just compile and run, passing it paths to the files you want to examine.
The file is built automatically if CONFIG_SAMPLES is enabled.

Here's some example output.  Firstly, an NFS directory that crosses to
another FSID.  Note that the AUTOMOUNT attribute is set because transiting
this directory will cause d_automount to be invoked by the VFS.

	[root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx -A /warthog/data
	statx(/warthog/data) = 0
	results=7ff
	  Size: 4096            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 1048576  directory
	Device: 00:26           Inode: 1703937     Links: 125
	Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx)  Uid:     0   Gid:  4041
	Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000
	Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000
	Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000
	Attributes: 0000000000001000 (-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---m---- --------)

Secondly, the result of automounting on that directory.

	[root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx /warthog/data
	statx(/warthog/data) = 0
	results=7ff
	  Size: 4096            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 1048576  directory
	Device: 00:27           Inode: 2           Links: 125
	Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx)  Uid:     0   Gid:  4041
	Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000
	Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000
	Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

- ask for a commit reply instead of an ack reply in
  __ceph_pool_perm_get()
- don't ask for both ack and commit replies in ceph_sync_write()
- since just only one reply is requested now, i_unsafe_writes list
  will always be empty -- kill ceph_sync_write_wait() and go back to
  a standard ->evict_inode()
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NSage Weil <sage@redhat.com>

Just get it from r_session since that's what's always passed in.
Signed-off-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>

__ceph_caps_mds_wanted() ignores caps from stale session. So the
return value of __ceph_caps_mds_wanted() can keep the same across
ceph_renew_caps(). This causes try_get_cap_refs() to keep calling
ceph_renew_caps(). The fix is ignore the session valid check for
the try_get_cap_refs() case. If session is stale, just let the
caps requester sleep.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

This patch sets the io_pages bdi hint based on the rsize mount option.
Without this patch large buffered reads (request size > max readahead)
are processed sequentially in chunks of the readahead size (i.e. read
requests are sent out up to the readahead size, then the
do_generic_file_read() function waits until the first page is received).

With this patch read requests are sent out at once up to the size
specified in the rsize mount option (default: 64 MB).
Signed-off-by: NAndreas Gerstmayr <andreas.gerstmayr@catalysts.cc>
Acked-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

If we have a parent inode reference already, then we don't need to
go back up the directory tree to find one.

Link: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/18148Signed-off-by: NJeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>

Dirty snapshot data needs to be flushed unconditionally. If they
were created before truncation, writeback should use old truncate
size/seq.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

For readahead/fadvise cases, caller of ceph_readpages does not
hold buffer capability. Pages can be added to page cache while
there is no buffer capability. This can cause data integrity
issue.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Add a 'wake' flag to ceph_cap_flush struct, which indicates if there
is someone waiting for it to finish. When getting flush ack message,
we check the 'wake' flag in corresponding ceph_cap_flush struct to
decide if we should wake up waiters. One corner case is that the
acked cap flush has 'wake' flags is set, but it is not the first one
on the flushing list. We do not wake up waiters in this case, set
'wake' flags of preceding ceph_cap_flush struct instead
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

This patch devide __ceph_flush_snaps() into two stags. In the first
stage, __ceph_flush_snaps() assign snapcaps flush TIDs and add them
to cap flush lists. __ceph_flush_snaps() keeps holding the
i_ceph_lock in this stagge. So inode's auth cap can not change. In
the second stage, __ceph_flush_snaps() send flushsnap cap messages.
i_ceph_lock is unlocked before sending each cap message. If auth cap
changes in the middle, __ceph_flush_snaps() just stops. This is OK
because kick_flushing_inode_caps() will re-send flushsnap cap messages
to inode's new auth MDS.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

make ceph_kick_flushing_caps() ignore inodes whose cap flushes
have already been re-sent by ceph_early_kick_flushing_caps()
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

This patch includes following changes
- Assign flush tid to snapcap flush
- Remove session's s_cap_snaps_flushing list. Add inode to session's
  s_cap_flushing list instead. Inode is removed from the list when
  there is no pending snapcap flush or cap flush.
- make __kick_flushing_caps() re-send both snapcap flushes and cap
  flushes.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

We don't have requirement of searching cap flush by TID. In most cases,
we just need to know TID of the oldest cap flush. List is ideal for this
usage.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

To mount non-default filesytem, user currently needs to provide mds
namespace ID. This is inconvenience.

This patch makes user be able to mount filesystem by name. If user
wants to mount non-default filesystem. Client first subscribes to
fsmap.user. Subscribe to mdsmap.<ID> after getting ID of filesystem.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Pretty simple: just use ceph_dentry_info.time instead (which was already
there, unused).
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>

Otherwise ceph_sync_write_unsafe() may access/modify freed inode.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Track usage count for individual fmode bit. This can reduce the
array size by half.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

This patch adds codes that decode pool namespace information in
cap message and request reply. Pool namespace is saved in i_layout,
it will be passed to libceph when doing read/write.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

There are several issues in fscache revalidation code.
- In ceph_revalidate_work(), fscache_invalidate() is called when
  fscache_check_consistency() return 0. This is complete wrong
  because 0 means cache is valid.
- Handle_cap_grant() calls ceph_queue_revalidate() if client
  already has CAP_FILE_CACHE. This code is confusing. Client
  should revalidate the cache each time it got CAP_FILE_CACHE
  anew.
- In Handle_cap_grant(), fscache_invalidate() is called if MDS
  revokes CAP_FILE_CACHE. This is inconsistency with the case
  that inode get evicted. In the later case, the cache is not
  discarded. Client may use the cache when inode is reloaded.

This patch moves the fscache revalidation into ceph_get_caps().
Client revalidates the cache after it gets CAP_FILE_CACHE.
i_rdcache_gen should keep constance while CAP_FILE_CACHE is
used. If i_fscache_gen is not equal to i_rdcache_gen, client
needs to check cache's consistency.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

check if number of splits in i_fragtree is equal to number of splits
in mds reply
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

If MDS sorts dentries in dirfrag in hash order, we use hash value to
compose dentry offset. dentry offset is:

  (0xff << 52) | ((24 bits hash) << 28) |
  (the nth entry hash hash collision)

This offset is stable across directory fragmentation. This alos means
there is no need to reset readdir offset if directory get fragmented
in the middle of readdir.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

This is preparation for using hash value as dentry 'offset'
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

When mds session gets killed, read/write operation may hang.
Client waits for Frw caps, but mds does not know what caps client
wants. To recover this, client sends an open request to mds. The
request will tell mds what caps client wants.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

To access non-default filesystem, we just need to subscribe to
mdsmap.<MDS_NAMESPACE_ID> and add a new mount option for mds
namespace id.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
[idryomov@gmail.com: switch to a new libceph API]
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>

Add a catch-all xattr handler at the end of ceph_xattr_handlers.  Check
for valid attribute names there, and remove those checks from
__ceph_{get,set,remove}xattr instead.  No "system.*" xattrs need to be
handled by the catch-all handler anymore.

The set xattr handler is called with a NULL value to indicate that the
attribute should be removed; __ceph_setxattr already handles that case
correctly (ceph_set_acl could already calling __ceph_setxattr with a NULL
value).

Move the check for snapshots from ceph_{set,remove}xattr into
__ceph_{set,remove}xattr.  With that, ceph_{get,set,remove}xattr can be
replaced with the generic iops.
Signed-off-by: NAndreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Create a variant of ceph_setattr that takes an inode instead of a
dentry.  Change __ceph_setxattr (and also __ceph_removexattr) to take an
inode instead of a dentry.  Use those in ceph_set_acl so that we no
longer need a dentry there.
Signed-off-by: NAndreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: N"Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>

use vfs helper dget_parent() instead
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

When security is enabled, security module can call filesystem's
getxattr/setxattr callbacks during d_instantiate(). For cephfs,
d_instantiate() is usually called by MDS' dispatch thread, while
handling MDS reply. If the MDS reply does not include xattrs and
corresponding caps, getxattr/setxattr need to send a new request
to MDS and waits for the reply. This makes MDS' dispatch sleep,
nobody handles later MDS replies.

The fix is make sure lookup/atomic_open reply include xattrs and
corresponding caps. So getxattr can be handled by cached xattrs.
This requires some modification to both MDS and request message.
(Client tells MDS what caps it wants; MDS encodes proper caps in
the reply)

Smack security module may call setxattr during d_instantiate().
Unlike getxattr, we can't force MDS to issue CEPH_CAP_XATTR_EXCL
to us. So just make setxattr return error when called by MDS'
dispatch thread.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

ceph_empty_snapc->num_snaps == 0 at all times.  Passing such a snapc to
ceph_osdc_alloc_request() (possibly through ceph_osdc_new_request()) is
equivalent to passing NULL, as ceph_osdc_alloc_request() uses it only
for sizing the request message.

Further, in all four cases the subsequent ceph_osdc_build_request() is
passed NULL for snapc, meaning that 0 is encoded for seq and num_snaps
and making ceph_empty_snapc entirely useless.  The two cases where it
actually mattered were removed in commits 86056090 ("ceph: avoid
sending unnessesary FLUSHSNAP message") and 23078637 ("ceph: fix
queuing inode to mdsdir's snaprealm").
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

When rbytes mount option is enabled, directory size is recursive
size. Recursive size is not updated instantly. This can cause
directory size to change between successive stat(1)
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

Add support for the format change of MClientReply/MclientCaps.
Also add code that denies access to inodes with pool_ns layouts.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NSage Weil <sage@redhat.com>

If we get a unsafe reply for request that created/modified inode,
add the unsafe request to a list in the newly created/modified
inode. So we can make fsync() wait these unsafe requests.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>

commit e548e9b9 makes the kclient
only re-send cap flush once during MDS failover. If the kclient sends
a cap flush after MDS enters reconnect stage but before MDS recovers.
The kclient will skip re-sending the same cap flush when MDS recovers.

This causes problem for newly created inode. The MDS handles cap
flushes before replaying unsafe requests, so it's possible that MDS
find corresponding inode is missing when handling cap flush. The fix
is reverting to old behaviour: always re-send when MDS recovers
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIlya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>

Previously our dcache readdir code relies on that child dentries in
directory dentry's d_subdir list are sorted by dentry's offset in
descending order. When adding dentries to the dcache, if a dentry
already exists, our readdir code moves it to head of directory
dentry's d_subdir list. This design relies on dcache internals.
Al Viro suggests using ncpfs's approach: keeping array of pointers
to dentries in page cache of directory inode. the validity of those
pointers are presented by directory inode's complete and ordered
flags. When a dentry gets pruned, we clear directory inode's complete
flag in the d_prune() callback. Before moving a dentry to other
directory, we clear the ordered flag for both old and new directory.
Signed-off-by: NYan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>