When reading the trace buffer, there is a race that when a module
is unloaded it removes events that is stilled referenced in the buffers.
This patch adds the protection around the unloading of the events
from modules and the reading of the trace buffers.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The code to update the print formats for events requires a vprintf
format in the trace_seq. This patch adds that interface.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

The current method of printing out a stack trace is to add a new line
and print out the trace:

    yum-updatesd-3120  [002]   573.691303:
 => do_softirq
 => irq_exit
 => smp_apic_timer_interrupt
 => apic_timer_interrupt

This looks a bit awkward, and if we have both stack and user stack traces
running, it would be nice to have a title to tell them apart, although
it is easy to tell by the output.

This patch adds an annotation to the start of the stack traces:

            init-1     [003]   929.304979: <stack trace>
 => user_path_at
 => vfs_fstatat
 => vfs_stat
 => sys_newstat
 => system_call_fastpath

             cat-3459  [002]  1016.824040: <user stack trace>
 =>  <0000003aae6c0250>
 =>  <00007ffff4b06ae4>
 =>  <69636172742f6775>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Here is an updated patch to include the extra call to
trace_seq_init() as requested. This is vs. the latest
-tip tree and fixes the use of multiple __print_flags
and __print_symbolic in a single tracer. Also tested
to ensure its working now:

mount.gfs2-2534  [000]   235.850587: gfs2_glock_queue: 8.7 glock 1:2 dequeue PR
mount.gfs2-2534  [000]   235.850591: gfs2_demote_rq: 8.7 glock 1:0 demote EX to NL flags:DI
mount.gfs2-2534  [000]   235.850591: gfs2_glock_queue: 8.7 glock 1:0 dequeue EX
glock_workqueue-2529  [000]   235.850666: gfs2_glock_state_change: 8.7 glock 1:0 state EX => NL tgt:NL dmt:NL flags:lDpI
glock_workqueue-2529  [000]   235.850672: gfs2_glock_put: 8.7 glock 1:0 state NL => IV flags:I
Signed-off-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <1244037123.29604.603.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

According to "events/ftrace/user_stack/format", fix the output of
user stack.

before fix:

  sh-1073  [000]    31.137561:  <b7f274fe> <-  <0804e33c> <-  <080835c1>

after fix:

  sh-1072  [000]    37.039329:
 =>  <b7f8a4fe>
 =>  <0804e33c>
 =>  <080835c1>
Signed-off-by: Nwalimis <walimisdev@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1244016090-7814-3-git-send-email-walimisdev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

According to "events/ftrace/kernel_stack/format", output format of
kernel stack should use "=>" instead of "<=".

The second problem is that we shouldn't skip the first entry in the stack,
although it seems to be duplicated when used in the "function" tracer,
but events also use it. If we skip the first one, we will drop the topmost
entry of the stack.

The last problem is that if the last entry is ULONG_MAX(0xffffffff), we should
drop it, otherwise it will print a NULL name line.

before fix:

      sh-1072  [000]   26.957239: sched_process_fork: parent sh:1072 child sh:1073
      sh-1072  [000]   26.957262:
 <= syscall_call
 <=
      sh-1072  [000]   26.957744: sched_switch: task sh:1072 [120] (R) ==> sh:1073 [120]
      sh-1072  [000]   26.957752:
 <= preempt_schedule
 <= wake_up_new_task
 <= do_fork
 <= sys_clone
 <= syscall_call
 <=

After fix:

      sh-1075  [000]    39.791848: sched_process_fork: parent sh:1075  child sh:1076
      sh-1075  [000]    39.791871:
 => sys_clone
 => syscall_call
      sh-1075  [000]    39.792713: sched_switch: task sh:1075 [120] (R) ==> sh:1076 [120]
      sh-1075  [000]    39.792722:
 => schedule
 => preempt_schedule
 => wake_up_new_task
 => do_fork
 => sys_clone
 => syscall_call
Signed-off-by: Nwalimis <walimisdev@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1244016090-7814-2-git-send-email-walimisdev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

A patch to allow the use of __print_symbolic and __print_flags
from a module. This allows the current GFS2 tracing patch to
build.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <1243868015.29604.542.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This patch adds __print_symbolic which is similar to __print_flags but
works for an enumeration type instead. That is, there is only a one to one
mapping between the values and the symbols. When a match is made, then
it is printed, otherwise the hex value is outputed.

[ Impact: add interface for showing symbol names in events ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>

Developers have been asking for the ability in the ftrace event tracer
to display names of bits in a flags variable.

Instead of printing out c2, it would be easier to read FOO|BAR|GOO,
assuming that FOO is bit 1, BAR is bit 6 and GOO is bit 7.

Some examples where this would be useful are the state flags in a context
switch, kmalloc flags, and even permision flags in accessing files.

[
  v2 changes include:

  Frederic Weisbecker's idea of using a mask instead of bits,
  thus we can output GFP_KERNEL instead of GPF_WAIT|GFP_IO|GFP_FS.

  Li Zefan's idea of allowing the caller of __print_flags to add their
  own delimiter (or no delimiter) where we can get for file permissions
  rwx instead of r|w|x.
]

[
  v3 changes:

   Christoph Hellwig's idea of using an array instead of va_args.
]

[ Impact: better displaying of flags in trace output ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>

I found that there is nothing to protect event_hash in
ftrace_find_event(). Rcu protects the event hashlist
but not the event itself while we use it after its extraction
through ftrace_find_event().

This lack of a proper locking in this spot opens a race
window between any event dereferencing and module removal.

Eg:

--Task A--

print_trace_line(trace) {
  event = find_ftrace_event(trace)

--Task B--

trace_module_remove_events(mod) {
  list_trace_events_module(ev, mod) {
    unregister_ftrace_event(ev->event) {
      hlist_del(ev->event->node)
        list_del(....)
    }
  }
}
|--> module removed, the event has been dropped

--Task A--

  event->print(trace); // Dereferencing freed memory

If the event retrieved belongs to a module and this module
is concurrently removed, we may end up dereferencing a data
from a freed module.

RCU could solve this, but it would add latency to the kernel and
forbid tracers output callbacks to call any sleepable code.
So this fix converts 'trace_event_mutex' to a read/write semaphore,
and adds trace_event_read_lock() to protect ftrace_find_event().

[ Impact: fix possible freed memory dereference in ftrace ]
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <4A114806.7090302@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>

The stack tracer stores eight entries in the ring buffer when an event
traces the stack. The output outputs all eight entries regardless of
how many entries were recorded.

This patch breaks out of the loop when a null entry is discovered.

[ Impact: only print the stack that is recorded ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

This compiler warning:

  CC      kernel/trace/trace_output.o
 kernel/trace/trace_output.c: In function ‘register_ftrace_event’:
 kernel/trace/trace_output.c:544: warning: ‘list’ may be used uninitialized in this function

Is wrong as 'list' is always initialized - but GCC (4.3.2) does not
recognize this relationship properly.

Work around the warning by initializing the variable to NULL.

[ Impact: fix false positive compiler warning ]
Signed-off-by: NJaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

With modules being able to add trace events, and the max trace event
counter is 16 bits (65536) we can overflow the counter easily
with a simple while loop adding and removing modules that contain
trace events.

This patch links together the registered trace events and on overflow
searches for available trace event ids. It will still fail if
over 65536 events are registered, but considering that a typical
kernel only has 22000 functions, 65000 events should be sufficient.
Reported-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

With the new event tracing registration, we must increase the number
of events that can be registered. Currently the type field is only
one byte, which leaves us only 256 possible events.

Since we do not save the CPU number in the tracer anymore (it is determined
by the per cpu ring buffer that is used) we have an extra byte to use.

This patch increases the size of type from 1 byte (256 events) to
2 bytes (65,536 events).

It also adds a WARN_ON_ONCE if we exceed that limit.

[ Impact: allow more than 255 events ]
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: let modules add trace events

The trace event code requires some functions to be exported to allow
modules to use TRACE_EVENT. This patch adds EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL to the
necessary functions.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Impact: fix time output bug in 32bits system

ns2usecs() returns 'long', it's incorrect.

(In i386)
...
          <idle>-0     [000]   521.442100: _spin_lock <-tick_do_update_jiffies64
          <idle>-0     [000]   521.442101: do_timer <-tick_do_update_jiffies64
          <idle>-0     [000]   521.442102: update_wall_time <-do_timer
          <idle>-0     [000]   521.442102: update_xtime_cache <-update_wall_time
....
(It always print the time less than 2200 seconds besides ...)
Because 'long' is 32bits in i386. ( (1<<31) useconds is about 2200 seconds)

...
          <idle>-0     [001] 4154502640.134759: rcu_bh_qsctr_inc <-__do_softirq
          <idle>-0     [001] 4154502640.134760: _local_bh_enable <-__do_softirq
          <idle>-0     [001] 4154502640.134761: idle_cpu <-irq_exit
...
(very large value)
Because 'long' is a signed type and it is 32bits in i386.

Changes in v2:
return 'unsigned long long' instead of 'cycle_t'
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
LKML-Reference: <49D05D10.4030009@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix build warning

I passed a const value to trace_seq_putmem(), and I got compile warning.
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NJens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

trace_seq_reserve() allows a caller to reserve space in a trace_seq and
write directly into it. This makes it easier to export binary data to
userspace via the tracing interface, by simply filling in a struct.
Signed-off-by: NEduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

If the function graph trace is enabled, the function profiler will
use it to take the timing of the functions.

 cat /debug/tracing/trace_stat/functions

  Function                               Hit    Time
  --------                               ---    ----
  mwait_idle                             127    183028.4 us
  schedule                                26    151997.7 us
  __schedule                              31    151975.1 us
  sys_wait4                                2    74080.53 us
  do_wait                                  2    74077.80 us
  sys_newlstat                           138    39929.16 us
  do_path_lookup                         179    39845.79 us
  vfs_lstat_fd                           138    39761.97 us
  user_path_at                           153    39469.58 us
  path_walk                              179    39435.76 us
  __link_path_walk                       189    39143.73 us
[...]

Note the times are skewed due to the function graph tracer not taking
into account schedules.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: widen user-space visibe event IDs to all events

Previously only TRACE_EVENT events got ids, because only they
generated raw output which needs to be demuxed from the trace.

In order to provide a unique ID for each event, register everybody,
regardless.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <20090319194233.464914218@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch makes print_printk_msg_only and print_bprintk_msg_only
global for other functions to use. It also renames them by adding
a "trace_" to the beginning to avoid namespace collisions.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: fix to one cause of incorrect comm outputs in trace

The spinlock only protected the creation of a comm <=> pid pair.
But it was possible that a reader could look up a pid, and get the
wrong comm because it had no locking.

This also required changing trace_find_cmdline to copy the comm cache
and not just send back a pointer to it.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: fix callsites with dynamic format strings

Since its new binary implementation, trace_printk() internally uses static
containers for the format strings on each callsites. But the value is
assigned once at build time, which means that it can't take dynamic
formats.

So this patch unearthes the raw trace_printk implementation for the callers
that will need trace_printk to be able to carry these dynamic format
strings. The trace_printk() macro will use the appropriate implementation
for each callsite. Most of the time however, the binary implementation will
still be used.

The other impact of this patch is that mmiotrace_printk() will use the old
implementation because it calls the low level trace_vprintk and we can't
guess here whether the format passed in it is dynamic or not.

Some parts of this patch have been written by Steven Rostedt (most notably
the part that chooses the appropriate implementation for each callsites).
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: clean up

There existed a lot of <space><tab>'s in the tracing code. This
patch removes them.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: faster and lighter tracing

Now that we have trace_bprintk() which is faster and consume lesser
memory than trace_printk() and has the same purpose, we can now drop
the old implementation in favour of the binary one from trace_bprintk(),
which means we move all the implementation of trace_bprintk() to
trace_printk(), so the Api doesn't change except that we must now use
trace_seq_bprintk() to print the TRACE_PRINT entries.

Some changes result of this:

- Previously, trace_bprintk depended of a single tracer and couldn't
  work without. This tracer has been dropped and the whole implementation
  of trace_printk() (like the module formats management) is now integrated
  in the tracing core (comes with CONFIG_TRACING), though we keep the file
  trace_printk (previously trace_bprintk.c) where we can find the module
  management. Thus we don't overflow trace.c

- changes some parts to use trace_seq_bprintk() to print TRACE_PRINT entries.

- change a bit trace_printk/trace_vprintk macros to support non-builtin formats
  constants, and fix 'const' qualifiers warnings. But this is all transparent for
  developers.

- etc...

V2:

- Rebase against last changes
- Fix mispell on the changelog

V3:

- Rebase against last changes (moving trace_printk() to kernel.h)
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <1236356510-8381-5-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: save on memory for tracing

Current tracers are typically using a struct(like struct ftrace_entry,
struct ctx_switch_entry, struct special_entr etc...)to record a binary
event. These structs can only record a their own kind of events.
A new kind of tracer need a new struct and a lot of code too handle it.

So we need a generic binary record for events. This infrastructure
is for this purpose.

[fweisbec@gmail.com: rebase against latest -tip, make it safe while sched
tracing as reported by Steven Rostedt]
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
LKML-Reference: <1236356510-8381-3-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: clean up

The trace and latency_trace function pointers are identical for
every tracer but the function tracer. The differences in the function
tracer are trivial (latency output puts paranthesis around parent).

This patch removes the latency_trace pointer and all prints will
now just use the trace output function pointer.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: fix to prevent developers from using entry->cpu

With the new ring buffer infrastructure, the cpu for the entry is
implicit with which CPU buffer it is on.

The original code use to record the current cpu into the generic
entry header, which can be retrieved by entry->cpu. When the
ring buffer was introduced, the users were convert to use the
the cpu number of which cpu ring buffer was in use (this was passed
to the tracers by the iterator: iter->cpu).

Unfortunately, the cpu item in the entry structure was never removed.
This allowed for developers to use it instead of the proper iter->cpu,
unknowingly, using an uninitialized variable. This was not the fault
of the developers, since it would seem like the logical place to
retrieve the cpu identifier.

This patch removes the cpu item from the entry structure and fixes
all the users that should have been using iter->cpu.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>

Impact: simplification of tracers

As all tracers are doing this we might as well do it in
register_ftrace_event and save one branch each time we call these
callbacks.
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

As they actually all return these enumerators.
Reported-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: bugfix and cleanup

Some callsites were returning either TRACE_ITER_PARTIAL_LINE if the
trace_seq routines (trace_seq_printf, etc) returned 0 meaning its buffer
was full, or zero otherwise.

But...

/* Return values for print_line callback */
enum print_line_t {
        TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE = 0,    /* Retry after flushing the seq */
        TRACE_TYPE_HANDLED      = 1,
        TRACE_TYPE_UNHANDLED    = 2     /* Relay to other output functions */
};

In other cases the return value was not being relayed at all.

Most of the time it didn't hurt because the page wasn't get filled, but
for correctness sake, handle the return values everywhere.
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: API change

The trace_seq and trace_entry are in trace_iterator, where there are
more fields that may be needed by tracers, so just pass the
tracer_iterator as is already the case for struct tracer->print_line.
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: make trace_event more convenient for tracers

All tracers (for the moment) that use the struct trace_event want to
have the context info printed before their own output: the pid/cmdline,
cpu, and timestamp.

But some other tracers that want to implement their trace_event
callbacks will not necessary need these information or they may want to
format them as they want.

This patch adds a new default-enabled trace option:
TRACE_ITER_CONTEXT_INFO When disabled through:

echo nocontext-info > /debugfs/tracing/trace_options

The pid, cpu and timestamps headers will not be printed.

IE with the sched_switch tracer with context-info (default):

     bash-2935 [001] 100.356561: 2935:120:S ==> [001]  0:140:R <idle>
   <idle>-0    [000] 100.412804:    0:140:R   + [000] 11:115:S events/0
   <idle>-0    [000] 100.412816:    0:140:R ==> [000] 11:115:R events/0
 events/0-11   [000] 100.412829:   11:115:S ==> [000]  0:140:R <idle>

Without context-info:

 2935:120:S ==> [001]  0:140:R <idle>
    0:140:R   + [000] 11:115:S events/0
    0:140:R ==> [000] 11:115:R events/0
   11:115:S ==> [000]  0:140:R <idle>

A tracer can disable it at runtime by clearing the bit
TRACE_ITER_CONTEXT_INFO in trace_flags.

The print routines were renamed to trace_print_context and
trace_print_lat_context, so that they can be used by tracers if they
want to use them for one of the trace_event callbacks.
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

After adding the printf format checking for trace_seq_printf, several
warnings now show up. This patch cleans them up.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix bug for handling partial line

trace_seq_printf(), seq_print_userip_objs(), ... return
0          -- partial line was written
other(>0)  -- success

duplicate output is also removed in trace_print_raw().
Signed-off-by: NLai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: rework trace.c to use new event register API

Almost every ftrace event has to implement its output display in
trace.c through a different function. Some events did not handle
all the formats (trace, latency-trace, raw, hex, binary), and
this method does not scale well.

This patch converts the format functions to use the event API to
find the event and and print its format. Currently, we have
a print function for trace, latency_trace, raw, hex and binary.
A trace_nop_print is available if the event wants to avoid output
on a particular format.

Perhaps other tracers could use this in the future (like mmiotrace and
function_graph).
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: simplify/generalize/refactor trace.c

The trace.c file is becoming more difficult to maintain due to the
growing number of events. There is several formats that an event may
be printed. This patch sets up the infrastructure of an event hash to
allow for events to register how they should be printed.
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>