Impact: new interfaces (not yet used)

For all the platforms out there, there is an infinite number of buggy
BIOSes.  This adds infrastructure to treat BIOS interrupts more like
toxic waste and "glove box" them -- we switch out the register set,
perform the BIOS interrupt, and then restore the previous state.

LKML-Reference: <49DE7F79.4030106@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>

It seems by mistake these files got execute permissions so removing it.
Signed-off-by: NJaswinder Singh Rajput <jaswinderrajput@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1239211186.9037.2.camel@ht.satnam>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: fix build warnings and possibe compat misbehavior on IA64

Building a kernel on ia64 might trigger these ugly build warnings:

CC      arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.o
In file included from arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.c:55:
arch/ia64/ia32/ia32priv.h:290:1: warning: "elf_check_arch" redefined
In file included from include/linux/elf.h:7,
                 from include/linux/module.h:14,
                 from include/linux/ftrace.h:8,
                 from include/linux/syscalls.h:68,
                 from arch/ia64/ia32/sys_ia32.c:18:
arch/ia64/include/asm/elf.h:19:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
[...]

sys_ia32.c includes linux/syscalls.h which in turn includes linux/ftrace.h
to import the syscalls tracing prototypes.

But including ftrace.h can pull too much things for a low level file,
especially on ia64 where the ia32 private headers conflict with higher
level headers.

Now we isolate the syscall tracing headers in their own lightweight file.
Reported-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Tested-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NFrederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: "Frank Ch. Eigler" <fche@redhat.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiaying Zhang <jiayingz@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Martin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Cc: Michael Davidson <md@google.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090408184058.GB6017@nowhere>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Now /proc/interrupts of tip tree has new counters:

  PLT: Platform interrupts

Format change of output, as like that by commit:

  commit 7a81d9a7
  x86: smarten /proc/interrupts output

should be applied to these new counters too.
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <49C98DEA.8060208@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Closes http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?12901Signed-off-by: NAlan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
LKML-Reference: <20090326204524.4454.8776.stgit@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: restore old behavior

for flat and phys_flat

Signed-off-by: Yinhai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org.
LKML-Reference: <49DCBBF1.8080903@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Add support for Always Running APIC timer, CPUID_0x6_EAX_Bit2.
This bit means the APIC timer continues to run even when CPU is
in deep C-states.

The advantage is that we can use LAPIC timer on these CPUs
always, and there is no need for "slow to read and program"
external timers (HPET/PIT) and the timer broadcast logic
and related code in C-state entry and exit.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Acked-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Do not write zeroes to APERF and MPERF by ondemand governor. With this
change, other users can share these MSRs for reads.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Change structure name to make the code cleaner and simpler. No
functionality change in this patch.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Impact: Fixes these modes on at least one system

The rewrite of the setup code into C resequenced the font setting and
register reprogramming phases of configuring nonstandard VGA modes
which use 480 scan lines in text mode.  However, there exists at least
one board (Micro-Star MS-7383 version 2.0) on which this resequencing
causes an unusable display.

Revert to the original sequencing: set up 480-line mode, install the
font, and then adjust the vertical end register appropriately.

This failure was masked by the fact that the 480-line setup was broken
until checkin 5f641356 (therefore this
is not a -stable candidate bug fix.)
Reported-by: NAndi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Replace all DMA_24BIT_MASK macro with DMA_BIT_MASK(24)

Signed-off-by: Yang Hongyang<yanghy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Replace all DMA_32BIT_MASK macro with DMA_BIT_MASK(32)

Signed-off-by: Yang Hongyang<yanghy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Replace all DMA_40BIT_MASK macro with DMA_BIT_MASK(40)

Signed-off-by: Yang Hongyang<yanghy@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove duplicated #include in arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c.
Signed-off-by: NHuang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <1238503291-2532-1-git-send-email-weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This build failure:

| drivers/pci/dmar.c:47: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘dmar_tbl_size’
| drivers/pci/dmar.c:62: warning: ‘struct acpi_dmar_device_scope’ declared inside parameter list
| drivers/pci/dmar.c:62: warning: its scope is only this definition or declaration, which is probably not what you want

Triggers due to this commit:

  d0b03bd1: x2apic/intr-remap: decouple interrupt remapping from x2apic

Which exposed a pre-existing but dormant fragility of the 'select X86_X2APIC'
it moved around and turned that fragility into a build failure.

Replace it with a proper 'depends on' construct.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <1239084280.22733.404.camel@macbook.infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Remove dupilicated #include in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/longhaul.c.
Signed-off-by: NHuang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

interrupt remapping must be enabled before enabling x2apic, but
interrupt remapping doesn't depend on x2apic, it can be used
separately. Enable interrupt remapping in init_dmars even x2apic
is not supported.

[dwmw2: Update Kconfig accordingly, fix build with INTR_REMAP && !X2APIC]
Signed-off-by: NWeidong Han <weidong.han@intel.com>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>

All logical processors with APIC ID values of 255 and greater will have their
APIC reported through Processor X2APIC structure (type-9 entry type) and all
logical processors with APIC ID less than 255 will have their APIC reported
through legacy Processor Local APIC (type-0 entry type) only. This is the
same case even for NMI structure reporting.
    
The Processor X2APIC Affinity structure provides the association between the
X2APIC ID of a logical processor and the proximity domain to which the logical
processor belongs.
    
For OSPM, Procssor IDs outside the 0-254 range are to be declared as Device()
objects in the ACPI namespace.
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The MTRR code grew a new debug message which triggers commonly:

[   40.142276]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg00 base=0000000000 size=0000080000 write-back
[   40.142280]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg01 base=0000080000 size=0000040000 write-back
[   40.142284]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg02 base=0000100000 size=0000040000 write-back
[   40.142311]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg00 base=0000000000 size=0000080000 write-back
[   40.142314]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg01 base=0000080000 size=0000040000 write-back
[   40.142317]   get_mtrr: cpu0 reg02 base=0000100000 size=0000040000 write-back

Remove this annoyance.
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

pci mmap code was doing memtype reserve for a while now. Recently we
added memtype tracking in remap_pfn_range, and pci code indirectly calls
remap_pfn_range. So, we don't need seperate tracking in pci code
anymore. Which means a patch that removes ~50 lines of code :-).

Also, recently we found out that the pci tracking is not working as we expect
it to work in some cases. Specifically, userlevel X mmap of pci, with some
recent version of X, is having a problem with vm_page_prot getting reset.
The pci tracking uses vm_page_prot to pass on the protection type from parent
to child during fork.
a) Parent does a pci mmap
b) We look at PAT and get either UC_MINUS or WC mapping for parent
c) Store that mapping type in vma vm_page_prot for future use
d) This thread does a fork
e) Fork results in mmap_ops ->open for the child process
f) We get the vm_page_prot from vma and reserve that type for the child process

But, between c) and e) above, the vma vm_page_prot is getting reset to zero.
This results in PAT reserve failing at the time of fork as in here.
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=123858163103240&w=2

This cleanup makes the above problem go away as we do not depend on
vm_page_prot in our PAT code anymore.
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch enables suspend/resume for interrupt remapping. During suspend,
interrupt remapping is disabled. When resume, interrupt remapping is enabled
again.
Signed-off-by: NFenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com>

The __restore_processor_state() fn restores %gs on resume from S3.  As
such, it cannot be protected by the stack-protector guard since %gs will
not be correct on function entry.

There are only a few other fns in this file and it should not negatively
impact kernel security that they will also have the stack-protector
guard removed (and so it's not worth moving them to another file).

Without this change, S3 resume on a kernel built with
CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_ALL=y will fail.
Signed-off-by: NJoseph Cihula <joseph.cihula@intel.com>
Tested-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <49D13385.5060900@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Commit 7ca43e75 ("mm: use debug_kmap_atomic")
introduced some debug_kmap_atomic() in wrong places.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

i386 allnoconfig:

 arch/x86/mm/iomap_32.c: In function 'is_io_mapping_possible':
 arch/x86/mm/iomap_32.c:27: warning: comparison is always false due to limited range of data type
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

update ACPI Development Discussion List
Signed-off-by: NZhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Impact: code size reduction (possibly critical)

The x86 boot and decompression code has no use of the branch profiling
constructs, so disable them.  This would bloat the setup code by as
much as 14K, eating up a fairly large chunk of the 32K area we are
guaranteed to have.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: unification of pci-dma macros and pci_32.h removal

This patch unifies the definition of the pci_unmap_addr*, pci_unmap_len*
and DECLARE_PCI_UNMAP* macros. This makes sense because the pci_unmap
functions are no longer no-ops anymore when the kernel runs with
CONFIG_DMA_API_DEBUG. Without an iommu or DMA_API_DEBUG it is a no-op on 32 bit
because the dma mapping path returns a physical address and therefore the
dma-api implementation has no internal state which needs to be destroyed with
an unmap call.
This unification also simplifies the port of x86_64 iommu drivers to 32 bit x86
and let us get rid of pci_32.h.
Signed-off-by: NJoerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Acked-by: NStephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>

Pass the original flags to rwlock arch-code, so that it can re-enable
interrupts if implemented for that architecture.

Initially, make __raw_read_lock_flags and __raw_write_lock_flags stubs
which just do the same thing as non-flags variants.
Signed-off-by: NPetr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NRobin Holt <holt@sgi.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch adds preadv and pwritev system calls.  These syscalls are a
pretty straightforward combination of pread and readv (same for write).
They are quite useful for doing vectored I/O in threaded applications.
Using lseek+readv instead opens race windows you'll have to plug with
locking.

Other systems have such system calls too, for example NetBSD, check
here: http://www.daemon-systems.org/man/preadv.2.html

The application-visible interface provided by glibc should look like
this to be compatible to the existing implementations in the *BSD family:

  ssize_t preadv(int d, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset);
  ssize_t pwritev(int d, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, off_t offset);

This prototype has one problem though: On 32bit archs is the (64bit)
offset argument unaligned, which the syscall ABI of several archs doesn't
allow to do.  At least s390 needs a wrapper in glibc to handle this.  As
we'll need a wrappers in glibc anyway I've decided to push problem to
glibc entriely and use a syscall prototype which works without
arch-specific wrappers inside the kernel: The offset argument is
explicitly splitted into two 32bit values.

The patch sports the actual system call implementation and the windup in
the x86 system call tables.  Other archs follow as separate patches.
Signed-off-by: NGerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add macros for using the UV hub to send interrupts.  Change the IPI code
to use these macros.  These macros will also be used in additional patches
that will follow.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add definitions for x86_64 GRU MMRs.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Eliminate compile errors on 32-bit X86 caused by UV.
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Container-init must behave like global-init to processes within the
container and hence it must be immune to unhandled fatal signals from
within the container (i.e SIG_DFL signals that terminate the process).

But the same container-init must behave like a normal process to processes
in ancestor namespaces and so if it receives the same fatal signal from a
process in ancestor namespace, the signal must be processed.

Implementing these semantics requires that send_signal() determine pid
namespace of the sender but since signals can originate from workqueues/
interrupt-handlers, determining pid namespace of sender may not always be
possible or safe.

This patchset implements the design/simplified semantics suggested by
Oleg Nesterov.  The simplified semantics for container-init are:

	- container-init must never be terminated by a signal from a
	  descendant process.

	- container-init must never be immune to SIGKILL from an ancestor
	  namespace (so a process in parent namespace must always be able
	  to terminate a descendant container).

	- container-init may be immune to unhandled fatal signals (like
	  SIGUSR1) even if they are from ancestor namespace. SIGKILL/SIGSTOP
	  are the only reliable signals to a container-init from ancestor
	  namespace.

This patch:

Based on an earlier patch submitted by Oleg Nesterov and comments from
Roland McGrath (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/19/258).

The handler parameter is currently unused in the tracehook functions.
Besides, the tracehook functions are called with siglock held, so the
functions can check the handler if they later need to.

Removing the parameter simiplifies changes to sig_ignored() in a follow-on
patch.
Signed-off-by: NSukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NRoland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

First argument unused since 2.3.11.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This fixes a build failure with generic debug pagealloc:

  mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'set_page_poison':
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c:8: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'clear_page_poison':
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c:13: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'page_poison':
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c:18: error: 'struct page' has no member named 'debug_flags'
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c: At top level:
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c:120: error: redefinition of 'kernel_map_pages'
  include/linux/mm.h:1278: error: previous definition of 'kernel_map_pages' was here
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c: In function 'kernel_map_pages':
  mm/debug-pagealloc.c:122: error: 'debug_pagealloc_enabled' undeclared (first use in this function)

by fixing

 - debug_flags should be in struct page
 - define DEBUG_PAGEALLOC config option for all architectures
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Reported-by: NAlexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Impact: fix CONFIG_DEBUG_HIGHMEM=y breakage

Commit 7ca43e75 ("mm: use debug_kmap_atomic") introduced some
debug_kmap_atomic() calls in the wrong places.
Signed-off-by: NAkinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <20090402070126.GA3951@localhost.localdomain>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: clean up

those code pcpu_need_numa(), should be removed.
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NDavid Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
LKML-Reference: <49D31770.9090502@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

setup_percpu_remap() is for NUMA machines yet it bailed out with
-EINVAL if pcpu_need_numa().  Fix the inverted condition.

This problem was reported by David Miller and verified by Yinhai Lu.
Reported-by: NDavid Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reported-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <49D30469.8020006@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: BIOS bug safety

For pre-ACPI 3 BIOSes, pre-initialize the end of the e820 buffer just
in case the BIOS returns an unchanged %ecx but without actually
touching the ACPI 3 extended flags field.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Remove unused/duplicate cruft from asm/suspend.h:

 - x86_32: remove unused acpi code
 - powerpc: remove duplicate prototypes, see linux/suspend.h
Signed-off-by: NMagnus Damm <damm@igel.co.jp>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: N"Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>