- 10 3月, 2018 1 次提交
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由 David Howells 提交于
Remove the MN10300 arch as the hardware is defunct. Suggested-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> cc: linux-am33-list@redhat.com Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
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- 23 2月, 2018 1 次提交
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由 James Hogan 提交于
Now that arch/metag/ has been removed, drop a bunch of metag references in various codes across the whole tree: - VM_GROWSUP and __VM_ARCH_SPECIFIC_1. - MT_METAG_* ELF note types. - METAG Kconfig dependencies (FRAME_POINTER) and ranges (MAX_STACK_SIZE_MB). - metag cases in tools (checkstack.pl, recordmcount.c, perf). Signed-off-by: NJames Hogan <jhogan@kernel.org> Acked-by: NSteven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org> Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: NGuenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com> Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-metag@vger.kernel.org
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- 22 2月, 2018 1 次提交
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由 Anders Roxell 提交于
Commit d3deafaa ("lib/: make RUNTIME_TESTS a menuconfig to ease disabling it all") causes a regression when using runtime tests due to it defaults RUNTIME_TESTING_MENU to not set. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180214133015.10090-1-anders.roxell@linaro.org Fixes: d3deafaa ("lib/: make RUNTIME_TESTS a menuconfig to easedisabling it all") Signed-off-by: NAnders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org> Cc: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 07 2月, 2018 3 次提交
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由 Arnd Bergmann 提交于
We get a lot of very large stack frames using gcc-7.0.1 with the default -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope --param asan-stack=1 options, which can easily cause an overflow of the kernel stack, e.g. drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/handlers.c:2434:1: warning: the frame size of 46176 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes drivers/net/wireless/ralink/rt2x00/rt2800lib.c:5650:1: warning: the frame size of 23632 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes lib/atomic64_test.c:250:1: warning: the frame size of 11200 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/handlers.c:2621:1: warning: the frame size of 9208 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes drivers/media/dvb-frontends/stv090x.c:3431:1: warning: the frame size of 6816 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes fs/fscache/stats.c:287:1: warning: the frame size of 6536 bytes is larger than 3072 bytes To reduce this risk, -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope is now split out into a separate CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA Kconfig option, leading to stack frames that are smaller than 2 kilobytes most of the time on x86_64. An earlier version of this patch also prevented combining KASAN_EXTRA with KASAN_INLINE, but that is no longer necessary with gcc-7.0.1. All patches to get the frame size below 2048 bytes with CONFIG_KASAN=y and CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA=n have been merged by maintainers now, so we can bring back that default now. KASAN_EXTRA=y still causes lots of warnings but now defaults to !COMPILE_TEST to disable it in allmodconfig, and it remains disabled in all other defconfigs since it is a new option. I arbitrarily raise the warning limit for KASAN_EXTRA to 3072 to reduce the noise, but an allmodconfig kernel still has around 50 warnings on gcc-7. I experimented a bit more with smaller stack frames and have another follow-up series that reduces the warning limit for 64-bit architectures to 1280 bytes (without CONFIG_KASAN). With earlier versions of this patch series, I also had patches to address the warnings we get with KASAN and/or KASAN_EXTRA, using a "noinline_if_stackbloat" annotation. That annotation now got replaced with a gcc-8 bugfix (see https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=81715) and a workaround for older compilers, which means that KASAN_EXTRA is now just as bad as before and will lead to an instant stack overflow in a few extreme cases. This reverts parts of commit 3f181b4d ("lib/Kconfig.debug: disable -Wframe-larger-than warnings with KASAN=y"). Two patches in linux-next should be merged first to avoid introducing warnings in an allmodconfig build: 3cd890db ("media: dvb-frontends: fix i2c access helpers for KASAN") 16c3ada8 ("media: r820t: fix r820t_write_reg for KASAN") Do we really need to backport this? I think we do: without this patch, enabling KASAN will lead to unavoidable kernel stack overflow in certain device drivers when built with gcc-7 or higher on linux-4.10+ or any version that contains a backport of commit c5caf21a. Most people are probably still on older compilers, but it will get worse over time as they upgrade their distros. The warnings we get on kernels older than this should all be for code that uses dangerously large stack frames, though most of them do not cause an actual stack overflow by themselves.The asan-stack option was added in linux-4.0, and commit 3f181b4d ("lib/Kconfig.debug: disable -Wframe-larger-than warnings with KASAN=y") effectively turned off the warning for allmodconfig kernels, so I would like to see this fix backported to any kernels later than 4.0. I have done dozens of fixes for individual functions with stack frames larger than 2048 bytes with asan-stack, and I plan to make sure that all those fixes make it into the stable kernels as well (most are already there). Part of the complication here is that asan-stack (from 4.0) was originally assumed to always require much larger stacks, but that turned out to be a combination of multiple gcc bugs that we have now worked around and fixed, but sanitize-address-use-after-scope (from v4.10) has a much higher inherent stack usage and also suffers from at least three other problems that we have analyzed but not yet fixed upstream, each of them makes the stack usage more severe than it should be. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171221134744.2295529-1-arnd@arndb.deSigned-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: NAndrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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由 Vincent Legoll 提交于
No need to get into the submenu to disable all related config entries. This makes it easier to disable all RUNTIME_TESTS config options without entering the submenu. It will also enable one to see that en/dis-abled state from the outside menu. This is only intended to change menuconfig UI, not change the config dependencies. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171209162742.7363-1-vincent.legoll@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NVincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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由 Yury Norov 提交于
As suggested in review comments, rename test_find_bit.c to find_bit_benchmark.c. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171124143040.a44jvhmnaiyedg2i@yury-thinkpadSigned-off-by: NYury Norov <ynorov@caviumnetworks.com> Tested-by: NGeert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Clement Courbet <courbet@google.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 02 2月, 2018 1 次提交
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由 Ulf Magnusson 提交于
Blank help texts are probably either a typo, a Kconfig misunderstanding, or some kind of half-committing to adding a help text (in which case a TODO comment would be clearer, if the help text really can't be added right away). Best to remove them, IMO. Signed-off-by: NUlf Magnusson <ulfalizer@gmail.com> Acked-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: NMasahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
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- 13 1月, 2018 2 次提交
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由 Masami Hiramatsu 提交于
Support in-kernel fault-injection framework via debugfs. This allows you to inject a conditional error to specified function using debugfs interfaces. Here is the result of test script described in Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt =========== # ./test_fail_function.sh 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1.0 MB, 1.0 MiB) copied, 0.0227404 s, 46.1 MB/s btrfs-progs v4.4 See http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for more information. Label: (null) UUID: bfa96010-12e9-4360-aed0-42eec7af5798 Node size: 16384 Sector size: 4096 Filesystem size: 1001.00MiB Block group profiles: Data: single 8.00MiB Metadata: DUP 58.00MiB System: DUP 12.00MiB SSD detected: no Incompat features: extref, skinny-metadata Number of devices: 1 Devices: ID SIZE PATH 1 1001.00MiB /dev/loop2 mount: mount /dev/loop2 on /opt/tmpmnt failed: Cannot allocate memory SUCCESS! =========== Signed-off-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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由 Masami Hiramatsu 提交于
Since error-injection framework is not limited to be used by kprobes, nor bpf. Other kernel subsystems can use it freely for checking safeness of error-injection, e.g. livepatch, ftrace etc. So this separate error-injection framework from kprobes. Some differences has been made: - "kprobe" word is removed from any APIs/structures. - BPF_ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() is renamed to ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION() since it is not limited for BPF too. - CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION is the config item of this feature. It is automatically enabled if the arch supports error injection feature for kprobe or ftrace etc. Signed-off-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com> Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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- 12 12月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Ingo Molnar 提交于
This code (CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE=y and CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS=y), while it found a number of old bugs initially, was also causing too many false positives that caused people to disable lockdep - which is arguably a worse overall outcome. If we disable cross-release by default but keep the code upstream then in practice the most likely outcome is that we'll allow the situation to degrade gradually, by allowing entropy to introduce more and more false positives, until it overwhelms maintenance capacity. Another bad side effect was that people were trying to work around the false positives by uglifying/complicating unrelated code. There's a marked difference between annotating locking operations and uglifying good code just due to bad lock debugging code ... This gradual decrease in quality happened to a number of debugging facilities in the kernel, and lockdep is pretty complex already, so we cannot risk this outcome. Either cross-release checking can be done right with no false positives, or it should not be included in the upstream kernel. ( Note that it might make sense to maintain it out of tree and go through the false positives every now and then and see whether new bugs were introduced. ) Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Kees Cook 提交于
Distros have been shipping with CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM=y for years now. It is probably time to flip this default for x86 and arm64. Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: NLaura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171201201000.GA44539@beastSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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- 18 11月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Victor Chibotaru 提交于
The flag enables Clang instrumentation of comparison operations (currently not supported by GCC). This instrumentation is needed by the new KCOV device to collect comparison operands. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171011095459.70721-2-glider@google.comSigned-off-by: NVictor Chibotaru <tchibo@google.com> Signed-off-by: NAlexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com> Cc: <syzkaller@googlegroups.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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由 Yury Norov 提交于
find_bit functions are widely used in the kernel, including hot paths. This module tests performance of those functions in 2 typical scenarios: randomly filled bitmap with relatively equal distribution of set and cleared bits, and sparse bitmap which has 1 set bit for 500 cleared bits. On ThunderX machine: Start testing find_bit() with random-filled bitmap find_next_bit: 240043 cycles, 164062 iterations find_next_zero_bit: 312848 cycles, 163619 iterations find_last_bit: 193748 cycles, 164062 iterations find_first_bit: 177720874 cycles, 164062 iterations Start testing find_bit() with sparse bitmap find_next_bit: 3633 cycles, 656 iterations find_next_zero_bit: 620399 cycles, 327025 iterations find_last_bit: 3038 cycles, 656 iterations find_first_bit: 691407 cycles, 656 iterations [arnd@arndb.de: use correct format string for find-bit tests] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171113135605.3166307-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171109140714.13168-1-ynorov@caviumnetworks.comSigned-off-by: NYury Norov <ynorov@caviumnetworks.com> Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: NClement Courbet <courbet@google.com> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 16 11月, 2017 1 次提交
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Fix up makefiles, remove references, and git rm kmemcheck. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171007030159.22241-4-alexander.levin@verizon.comSigned-off-by: NSasha Levin <alexander.levin@verizon.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegardno@ifi.uio.no> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Tim Hansen <devtimhansen@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 08 11月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Nicolai Stange 提交于
Purge the SRCU based file removal race protection in favour of the new, refcount based debugfs_file_get()/debugfs_file_put() API. Fixes: 49d200de ("debugfs: prevent access to removed files' private data") Signed-off-by: NNicolai Stange <nicstange@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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- 25 10月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
Add a Kconfig knob that enables the lockdep "crossrelease_fullstack" boot parameter. Suggested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: amir73il@gmail.com Cc: axboe@kernel.dk Cc: darrick.wong@oracle.com Cc: david@fromorbit.com Cc: hch@infradead.org Cc: idryomov@gmail.com Cc: johan@kernel.org Cc: johannes.berg@intel.com Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: oleg@redhat.com Cc: tj@kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508921765-15396-7-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
locking/lockdep: Remove the BROKEN flag from CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE and CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS Now that the performance regression is fixed, re-enable CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE=y and CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS=y. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: amir73il@gmail.com Cc: axboe@kernel.dk Cc: darrick.wong@oracle.com Cc: david@fromorbit.com Cc: hch@infradead.org Cc: idryomov@gmail.com Cc: johan@kernel.org Cc: johannes.berg@intel.com Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org Cc: oleg@redhat.com Cc: tj@kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508921765-15396-6-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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- 14 10月, 2017 3 次提交
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由 Ingo Molnar 提交于
Johan Hovold reported a big lockdep slowdown on his system, caused by lockdep: > I had noticed that the BeagleBone Black boot time appeared to have > increased significantly with 4.14 and yesterday I finally had time to > investigate it. > > Boot time (from "Linux version" to login prompt) had in fact doubled > since 4.13 where it took 17 seconds (with my current config) compared to > the 35 seconds I now see with 4.14-rc4. > > I quick bisect pointed to lockdep and specifically the following commit: > > 28a903f6 ("locking/lockdep: Handle non(or multi)-acquisition of a crosslock") Because the final v4.14 release is close, disable the cross-release lockdep features for now. Bisected-by: NJohan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Debugged-by: NJohan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Reported-by: NJohan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com> Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linux-omap@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171014072659.f2yr6mhm5ha3eou7@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Josh Poimboeuf 提交于
Rename the unwinder config options from: CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER_UNWINDER CONFIG_GUESS_UNWINDER to: CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC CONFIG_UNWINDER_FRAME_POINTER CONFIG_UNWINDER_GUESS ... in order to give them a more logical config namespace. Suggested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/73972fc7e2762e91912c6b9584582703d6f1b8cc.1507924831.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Randy Dunlap 提交于
Expand the "Runtime testing" menu by including more entries inside it instead of after it. This is just Kconfig symbol movement. This causes the (arch-independent) Runtime tests to be presented (listed) all in one place instead of in multiple places. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c194e5c4-2042-bf94-a2d8-7aa13756e257@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 23 9月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Helge Deller 提交于
The parisc architecture has larger stack frames than most other architectures on 32-bit kernels. Increase the maximum allowed stack frame to 1280 bytes for parisc to avoid warnings in the do_sys_poll() and pat_memconfig() functions. Signed-off-by: NHelge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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- 09 9月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Florian Fainelli 提交于
Add a test module that allows testing that CONFIG_DEBUG_VIRTUAL works correctly, at least that it can catch invalid calls to virt_to_phys() against the non-linear kernel virtual address map. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170808164035.26725-1-f.fainelli@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NFlorian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com> Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 18 8月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Thomas Gleixner 提交于
The hardlockup detector on x86 uses a performance counter based on unhalted CPU cycles and a periodic hrtimer. The hrtimer period is about 2/5 of the performance counter period, so the hrtimer should fire 2-3 times before the performance counter NMI fires. The NMI code checks whether the hrtimer fired since the last invocation. If not, it assumess a hard lockup. The calculation of those periods is based on the nominal CPU frequency. Turbo modes increase the CPU clock frequency and therefore shorten the period of the perf/NMI watchdog. With extreme Turbo-modes (3x nominal frequency) the perf/NMI period is shorter than the hrtimer period which leads to false positives. A simple fix would be to shorten the hrtimer period, but that comes with the side effect of more frequent hrtimer and softlockup thread wakeups, which is not desired. Implement a low pass filter, which checks the perf/NMI period against kernel time. If the perf/NMI fires before 4/5 of the watchdog period has elapsed then the event is ignored and postponed to the next perf/NMI. That solves the problem and avoids the overhead of shorter hrtimer periods and more frequent softlockup thread wakeups. Fixes: 58687acb ("lockup_detector: Combine nmi_watchdog and softlockup detector") Reported-and-tested-by: NKan Liang <Kan.liang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: dzickus@redhat.com Cc: prarit@redhat.com Cc: ak@linux.intel.com Cc: babu.moger@oracle.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: eranian@google.com Cc: acme@redhat.com Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: atomlin@redhat.com Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1708150931310.1886@nanos
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- 17 8月, 2017 4 次提交
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由 Ingo Molnar 提交于
locking/lockdep: Make CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE and CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETIONS truly non-interactive The syntax to turn Kconfig options into non-interactive ones is to not offer interactive prompt help texts. Remove them. Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
'complete' is an adjective and LOCKDEP_COMPLETE sounds like 'lockdep is complete', so pick a better name that uses a noun. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502960261-16206-3-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
Lockdep doesn't have to be made to work with crossrelease and just works with them. Reword the title so that what the option does is clear. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502960261-16206-2-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
Crossrelease support added the CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE and CONFIG_LOCKDEP_COMPLETE options. It makes little sense to enable them when PROVE_LOCKING is disabled. Make them non-interative options and part of PROVE_LOCKING to simplify the UI. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502960261-16206-1-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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- 10 8月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
Although wait_for_completion() and its family can cause deadlock, the lock correctness validator could not be applied to them until now, because things like complete() are usually called in a different context from the waiting context, which violates lockdep's assumption. Thanks to CONFIG_LOCKDEP_CROSSRELEASE, we can now apply the lockdep detector to those completion operations. Applied it. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: boqun.feng@gmail.com Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Cc: kirill@shutemov.name Cc: npiggin@gmail.com Cc: walken@google.com Cc: willy@infradead.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502089981-21272-10-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Byungchul Park 提交于
Lockdep is a runtime locking correctness validator that detects and reports a deadlock or its possibility by checking dependencies between locks. It's useful since it does not report just an actual deadlock but also the possibility of a deadlock that has not actually happened yet. That enables problems to be fixed before they affect real systems. However, this facility is only applicable to typical locks, such as spinlocks and mutexes, which are normally released within the context in which they were acquired. However, synchronization primitives like page locks or completions, which are allowed to be released in any context, also create dependencies and can cause a deadlock. So lockdep should track these locks to do a better job. The 'crossrelease' implementation makes these primitives also be tracked. Signed-off-by: NByungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com> Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: boqun.feng@gmail.com Cc: kernel-team@lge.com Cc: kirill@shutemov.name Cc: npiggin@gmail.com Cc: walken@google.com Cc: willy@infradead.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1502089981-21272-6-git-send-email-byungchul.park@lge.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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- 26 7月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Josh Poimboeuf 提交于
A couple of Kconfig changes which make it much easier to switch to the new CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER: 1) Remove x86 dependencies on CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER for lockdep, latencytop, and fault injection. x86 has a 'guess' unwinder which just scans the stack for kernel text addresses. It's not 100% accurate but in many cases it's good enough. This allows those users who don't want the text overhead of the frame pointer or ORC unwinders to still use these features. More importantly, this also makes it much more straightforward to disable frame pointers. 2) Make CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER depend on !CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER. While it would be possible to have both enabled, it doesn't really make sense to do so. So enforce a sane configuration to prevent the user from making a dumb mistake. With these changes, when you disable CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, "make oldconfig" will ask if you want to enable CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER. Signed-off-by: NJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9985fb91ce5005fe33ea5cc2a20f14bd33c61d03.1500938583.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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由 Josh Poimboeuf 提交于
Add the new ORC unwinder which is enabled by CONFIG_ORC_UNWINDER=y. It plugs into the existing x86 unwinder framework. It relies on objtool to generate the needed .orc_unwind and .orc_unwind_ip sections. For more details on why ORC is used instead of DWARF, see Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt - but the short version is that it's a simplified, fundamentally more robust debugninfo data structure, which also allows up to two orders of magnitude faster lookups than the DWARF unwinder - which matters to profiling workloads like perf. Thanks to Andy Lutomirski for the performance improvement ideas: splitting the ORC unwind table into two parallel arrays and creating a fast lookup table to search a subset of the unwind table. Signed-off-by: NJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/0a6cbfb40f8da99b7a45a1a8302dc6aef16ec812.1500938583.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com [ Extended the changelog. ] Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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- 16 7月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Theodore Ts'o 提交于
Unfortunately, on some models of some architectures getting a fully seeded CRNG is extremely difficult, and so this can result in dmesg getting spammed for a surprisingly long time. This is really bad from a security perspective, and so architecture maintainers really need to do what they can to get the CRNG seeded sooner after the system is booted. However, users can't do anything actionble to address this, and spamming the kernel messages log will only just annoy people. For developers who want to work on improving this situation, CONFIG_WARN_UNSEEDED_RANDOM has been renamed to CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM. By default the kernel will always print the first use of unseeded randomness. This way, hopefully the security obsessed will be happy that there is _some_ indication when the kernel boots there may be a potential issue with that architecture or subarchitecture. To see all uses of unseeded randomness, developers can enable CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM. Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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- 15 7月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Luis R. Rodriguez 提交于
This adds a new stress test driver for kmod: the kernel module loader. The new stress test driver, test_kmod, is only enabled as a module right now. It should be possible to load this as built-in and load tests early (refer to the force_init_test module parameter), however since a lot of test can get a system out of memory fast we leave this disabled for now. Using a system with 1024 MiB of RAM can *easily* get your kernel OOM fast with this test driver. The test_kmod driver exposes API knobs for us to fine tune simple request_module() and get_fs_type() calls. Since these API calls only allow each one parameter a test driver for these is rather simple. Other factors that can help out test driver though are the number of calls we issue and knowing current limitations of each. This exposes configuration as much as possible through userspace to be able to build tests directly from userspace. Since it allows multiple misc devices its will eventually (once we add a knob to let us create new devices at will) also be possible to perform more tests in parallel, provided you have enough memory. We only enable tests we know work as of right now. Demo screenshots: # tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0002_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0002_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL kmod_test_0003: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0003: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS kmod_test_0004: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0004: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS kmod_test_0005: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0005: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS kmod_test_0006: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0006: OK! - Return value: 0 (SUCCESS), expected SUCCESS XXX: add test restult for 0007 Test completed You can also request for specific tests: # tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0001 kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0001_driver: OK! - Return value: 256 (MODULE_NOT_FOUND), expected MODULE_NOT_FOUND kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - loading kmod test kmod_test_0001_fs: OK! - Return value: -22 (-EINVAL), expected -EINVAL Test completed Lastly, the current available number of tests: # tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh --help Usage: tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh [ -t <4-number-digit> ] Valid tests: 0001-0009 0001 - Simple test - 1 thread for empty string 0002 - Simple test - 1 thread for modules/filesystems that do not exist 0003 - Simple test - 1 thread for get_fs_type() only 0004 - Simple test - 2 threads for get_fs_type() only 0005 - multithreaded tests with default setup - request_module() only 0006 - multithreaded tests with default setup - get_fs_type() only 0007 - multithreaded tests with default setup test request_module() and get_fs_type() 0008 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for request_module() 0009 - multithreaded - push kmod_concurrent over max_modprobes for get_fs_type() The following test cases currently fail, as such they are not currently enabled by default: # tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0008 # tools/testing/selftests/kmod/kmod.sh -t 0009 To be sure to run them as intended please unload both of the modules: o test_module o xfs And ensure they are not loaded on your system prior to testing them. If you use these paritions for your rootfs you can change the default test driver used for get_fs_type() by exporting it into your environment. For example of other test defaults you can override refer to kmod.sh allow_user_defaults(). Behind the scenes this is how we fine tune at a test case prior to hitting a trigger to run it: cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config echo -n "2" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_case echo -n "ext4" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_test_fs echo -n "80" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads cat /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/config_num_threads Finally to trigger: echo -n "1" > /sys/devices/virtual/misc/test_kmod0/trigger_config The kmod.sh script uses the above constructs to build different test cases. A bit of interpretation of the current failures follows, first two premises: a) When request_module() is used userspace figures out an optimized version of module order for us. Once it finds the modules it needs, as per depmod symbol dep map, it will finit_module() the respective modules which are needed for the original request_module() request. b) We have an optimization in place whereby if a kernel uses request_module() on a module already loaded we never bother userspace as the module already is loaded. This is all handled by kernel/kmod.c. A few things to consider to help identify root causes of issues: 0) kmod 19 has a broken heuristic for modules being assumed to be built-in to your kernel and will return 0 even though request_module() failed. Upgrade to a newer version of kmod. 1) A get_fs_type() call for "xfs" will request_module() for "fs-xfs", not for "xfs". The optimization in kernel described in b) fails to catch if we have a lot of consecutive get_fs_type() calls. The reason is the optimization in place does not look for aliases. This means two consecutive get_fs_type() calls will bump kmod_concurrent, whereas request_module() will not. This one explanation why test case 0009 fails at least once for get_fs_type(). 2) If a module fails to load --- for whatever reason (kmod_concurrent limit reached, file not yet present due to rootfs switch, out of memory) we have a period of time during which module request for the same name either with request_module() or get_fs_type() will *also* fail to load even if the file for the module is ready. This explains why *multiple* NULLs are possible on test 0009. 3) finit_module() consumes quite a bit of memory. 4) Filesystems typically also have more dependent modules than other modules, its important to note though that even though a get_fs_type() call does not incur additional kmod_concurrent bumps, since userspace loads dependencies it finds it needs via finit_module_fd(), it *will* take much more memory to load a module with a lot of dependencies. Because of 3) and 4) we will easily run into out of memory failures with certain tests. For instance test 0006 fails on qemu with 1024 MiB of RAM. It panics a box after reaping all userspace processes and still not having enough memory to reap. [arnd@arndb.de: add dependencies for test module] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170630154834.3689272-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170628223155.26472-3-mcgrof@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLuis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 13 7月, 2017 2 次提交
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由 Nicholas Piggin 提交于
Split SOFTLOCKUP_DETECTOR from LOCKUP_DETECTOR, and split HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF from HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR. LOCKUP_DETECTOR implies the general boot, sysctl, and programming interfaces for the lockup detectors. An architecture that wants to use a hard lockup detector must define HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF or HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_ARCH. Alternatively an arch can define HAVE_NMI_WATCHDOG, which provides the minimum arch_touch_nmi_watchdog, and it otherwise does its own thing and does not implement the LOCKUP_DETECTOR interfaces. sparc is unusual in that it has started to implement some of the interfaces, but not fully yet. It should probably be converted to a full HAVE_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_ARCH. [npiggin@gmail.com: fix] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170617223522.66c0ad88@roar.ozlabs.ibm.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616065715.18390-4-npiggin@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NNicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: NDon Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: NBabu Moger <babu.moger@oracle.com> Tested-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@oracle.com> [sparc] Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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由 Luis R. Rodriguez 提交于
The existing tools/testing/selftests/sysctl/ tests include two test cases, but these use existing production kernel sysctl interfaces. We want to expand test coverage but we can't just be looking for random safe production values to poke at, that's just insane! Instead just dedicate a test driver for debugging purposes and port the existing scripts to use it. This will make it easier for further tests to be added. Subsequent patches will extend our test coverage for sysctl. The stress test driver uses a new license (GPL on Linux, copyleft-next outside of Linux). Linus was fine with this [0] and later due to Ted's and Alans's request ironed out an "or" language clause to use [1] which is already present upstream. [0] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFyhxcvD+q7tp+-yrSFDKfR0mOHgyEAe=f_94aKLsOu0Og@mail.gmail.com [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495234558.7848.122.camel@linux.intel.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170630224431.17374-2-mcgrof@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NLuis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org> Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 11 7月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Davidlohr Bueso 提交于
Patch series "lib/interval_tree_test: some debugging improvements". Here are some patches that update the interval_tree_test module allowing users to pass finer grained options to run the actual test. This patch (of 4): It is a tristate after all, and also serves well for quick debugging. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170518174936.20265-2-dave@stgolabs.netSigned-off-by: NDavidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- 20 6月, 2017 1 次提交
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由 Jason A. Donenfeld 提交于
This enables an important dmesg notification about when drivers have used the crng without it being seeded first. Prior, these errors would occur silently, and so there hasn't been a great way of diagnosing these types of bugs for obscure setups. By adding this as a config option, we can leave it on by default, so that we learn where these issues happen, in the field, will still allowing some people to turn it off, if they really know what they're doing and do not want the log entries. However, we don't leave it _completely_ by default. An earlier version of this patch simply had `default y`. I'd really love that, but it turns out, this problem with unseeded randomness being used is really quite present and is going to take a long time to fix. Thus, as a compromise between log-messages-for-all and nobody-knows, this is `default y`, except it is also `depends on DEBUG_KERNEL`. This will ensure that the curious see the messages while others don't have to. Signed-off-by: NJason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com> Signed-off-by: NTheodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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- 09 6月, 2017 3 次提交
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由 Paul E. McKenney 提交于
RCU's debugging Kconfig options are in the unintuitive location lib/Kconfig.debug, and there are enough of them that it would be good for them to be more centralized. This commit therefore extracts RCU's Kconfig options from init/Kconfig into a new kernel/rcu/Kconfig.debug file. Reported-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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由 Paul E. McKenney 提交于
RCU's debugfs tracing used to be the only reasonable low-level debug information available, but ftrace and event tracing has since surpassed the RCU debugfs level of usefulness. This commit therefore removes RCU's debugfs tracing. Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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由 Paul E. McKenney 提交于
The sparse-based checking for non-RCU accesses to RCU-protected pointers has been around for a very long time, and it is now the only type of sparse-based checking that is optional. This commit therefore makes it unconditional. Reported-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
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