When reading compressed extents, try to put pages into the page cache
for any pages covered by the compressed extent that readpages didn't already
preload.

Add an async work queue to handle transformations at delayed allocation processing
time.  Right now this is just compression.  The workflow is:

1) Find offsets in the file marked for delayed allocation
2) Lock the pages
3) Lock the state bits
4) Call the async delalloc code

The async delalloc code clears the state lock bits and delalloc bits.  It is
important this happens before the range goes into the work queue because
otherwise it might deadlock with other work queue items that try to lock
those extent bits.

The file pages are compressed, and if the compression doesn't work the
pages are written back directly.

An ordered work queue is used to make sure the inodes are written in the same
order that pdflush or writepages sent them down.

This changes extent_write_cache_pages to let the writepage function
update the wbc nr_written count.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Btrfs uses kernel threads to create async work queues for cpu intensive
operations such as checksumming and decompression.  These work well,
but they make it difficult to keep IO order intact.

A single writepages call from pdflush or fsync will turn into a number
of bios, and each bio is checksummed in parallel.  Once the checksum is
computed, the bio is sent down to the disk, and since we don't control
the order in which the parallel operations happen, they might go down to
the disk in almost any order.

The code deals with this somewhat by having deep work queues for a single
kernel thread, making it very likely that a single thread will process all
the bios for a single inode.

This patch introduces an explicitly ordered work queue.  As work structs
are placed into the queue they are put onto the tail of a list.  They have
three callbacks:

->func (cpu intensive processing here)
->ordered_func (order sensitive processing here)
->ordered_free (free the work struct, all processing is done)

The work struct has three callbacks.  The func callback does the cpu intensive
work, and when it completes the work struct is marked as done.

Every time a work struct completes, the list is checked to see if the head
is marked as done.  If so the ordered_func callback is used to do the
order sensitive processing and the ordered_free callback is used to do
any cleanup.  Then we loop back and check the head of the list again.

This patch also changes the checksumming code to use the ordered workqueues.
One a 4 drive array, it increases streaming writes from 280MB/s to 350MB/s.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Make sure we keep page->mapping NULL on the pages we're getting
via alloc_page.  It gets set so a few of the callbacks can do the right
thing, but in general these pages don't have a mapping.

Don't try to truncate compressed inline items in btrfs_drop_extents.
The whole compressed item must be preserved.

Don't try to create multipage inline compressed items.  When we try to
overwrite just the first page of the file, we would have to read in and recow
all the pages after it in the same compressed inline items.  For now, only
create single page inline items.

Make sure we lock pages in the correct order during delalloc.  The
search into the state tree for delalloc bytes can return bytes before
the page we already have locked.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This patch updates btrfs-progs for fallocate support.

fallocate is a little different in Btrfs because we need to tell the
COW system that a given preallocated extent doesn't need to be
cow'd as long as there are no snapshots of it.  This leverages the
-o nodatacow checks.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

This patch simplifies the nodatacow checker. If all references
were created after the latest snapshot, then we can avoid COW
safely. This patch also updates run_delalloc_nocow to do more
fine-grained checking.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

When dropping middle part of an extent, btrfs_drop_extents truncates
the extent at first, then inserts a bookend extent.

Since truncation and insertion can't be done atomically, there is a small
period that the bookend extent isn't in the tree. This causes problem for
functions that search the tree for file extent item. The way to fix this is
lock the range of the bookend extent before truncation.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

This patch splits the hole insertion code out of btrfs_setattr
into btrfs_cont_expand and updates btrfs_get_extent to properly
handle the case that file extent items are not continuous.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

When compression was on, we were improperly ignoring -o nodatasum.  This
reworks the logic a bit to properly honor all the flags.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

The byte walk counting was awkward and error prone.  This uses the
number of pages sent the higher layer to build bios.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

finish_current_insert and del_pending_extents process extent tree modifications
that build up while we are changing the extent tree.  It is a confusing
bit of code that prevents recursion.

Both functions run through a list of pending operations and both funcs
add to the list of pending operations.  If you have two procs in either
one of them, they can end up looping forever making more work for each other.

This patch makes them walk forward through the list of pending changes instead
of always trying to process the entire list.  At transaction commit
time, we catch any changes that were left over.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This patch adds transaction IDs to root tree pointers.
Transaction IDs in tree pointers are compared with the
generation numbers in block headers when reading root
blocks of trees. This can detect some types of IO errors.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

This patch removes the giant fs_info->alloc_mutex and replaces it with a bunch
of little locks.

There is now a pinned_mutex, which is used when messing with the pinned_extents
extent io tree, and the extent_ins_mutex which is used with the pending_del and
extent_ins extent io trees.

The locking for the extent tree stuff was inspired by a patch that Yan Zheng
wrote to fix a race condition, I cleaned it up some and changed the locking
around a little bit, but the idea remains the same.  Basically instead of
holding the extent_ins_mutex throughout the processing of an extent on the
extent_ins or pending_del trees, we just hold it while we're searching and when
we clear the bits on those trees, and lock the extent for the duration of the
operations on the extent.

Also to keep from getting hung up waiting to lock an extent, I've added a
try_lock_extent so if we cannot lock the extent, move on to the next one in the
tree and we'll come back to that one.  I have tested this heavily and it does
not appear to break anything.  This has to be applied on top of my
find_free_extent redo patch.

I tested this patch on top of Yan's space reblancing code and it worked fine.
The only thing that has changed since the last version is I pulled out all my
debugging stuff, apparently I forgot to run guilt refresh before I sent the
last patch out.  Thank you,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>

So there is an odd case where we can possibly return -ENOSPC when there is in
fact space to be had.  It only happens with Metadata writes, and happens _very_
infrequently.  What has to happen is we have to allocate have allocated out of
the first logical byte on the disk, which would set last_alloc to
first_logical_byte(root, 0), so search_start == orig_search_start.  We then
need to allocate for normal metadata, so BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_METADATA |
BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP.  We will do a block lookup for the given search_start,
block_group_bits() won't match and we'll go to choose another block group.
However because search_start matches orig_search_start we go to see if we can
allocate a chunk.

If we are in the situation that we cannot allocate a chunk, we fail and ENOSPC.
This is kind of a big flaw of the way find_free_extent works, as it along with
find_free_space loop through _all_ of the block groups, not just the ones that
we want to allocate out of.  This patch completely kills find_free_space and
rolls it into find_free_extent.  I've introduced a sort of state machine into
this, which will make it easier to get cache miss information out of the
allocator, and will work well with my locking changes.

The basic flow is this:  We have the variable loop which is 0, meaning we are
in the hint phase.  We lookup the block group for the hint, and lookup the
space_info for what we want to allocate out of.  If the block group we were
pointed at by the hint either isn't of the correct type, or just doesn't have
the space we need, we set head to space_info->block_groups, so we start at the
beginning of the block groups for this particular space info, and loop through.

This is also where we add the empty_cluster to total_needed.  At this point
loop is set to 1 and we just loop through all of the block groups for this
particular space_info looking for the space we need, just as find_free_space
would have done, except we only hit the block groups we want and not _all_ of
the block groups.  If we come full circle we see if we can allocate a chunk.
If we cannot of course we exit with -ENOSPC and we are good.  If not we start
over at space_info->block_groups and loop through again, with loop == 2.  If we
come full circle and haven't found what we need then we exit with -ENOSPC.
I've been running this for a couple of days now and it seems stable, and I
haven't yet hit a -ENOSPC when there was plenty of space left.

Also I've made a groups_sem to handle the group list for the space_info.  This
is part of my locking changes, but is relatively safe and seems better than
holding the space_info spinlock over that entire search time.  Thanks,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>
 

This patch improves the space balancing code to keep more sharing
of tree blocks. The only case that breaks sharing of tree blocks is
data extents get fragmented during balancing. The main changes in
this patch are:

Add a 'drop sub-tree' function. This solves the problem in old code
that BTRFS_HEADER_FLAG_WRITTEN check breaks sharing of tree block.

Remove relocation mapping tree. Relocation mappings are stored in
struct btrfs_ref_path and updated dynamically during walking up/down
the reference path. This reduces CPU usage and simplifies code.

This patch also fixes a bug. Root items for reloc trees should be
updated in btrfs_free_reloc_root.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

This is a large change for adding compression on reading and writing,
both for inline and regular extents.  It does some fairly large
surgery to the writeback paths.

Compression is off by default and enabled by mount -o compress.  Even
when the -o compress mount option is not used, it is possible to read
compressed extents off the disk.

If compression for a given set of pages fails to make them smaller, the
file is flagged to avoid future compression attempts later.

* While finding delalloc extents, the pages are locked before being sent down
to the delalloc handler.  This allows the delalloc handler to do complex things
such as cleaning the pages, marking them writeback and starting IO on their
behalf.

* Inline extents are inserted at delalloc time now.  This allows us to compress
the data before inserting the inline extent, and it allows us to insert
an inline extent that spans multiple pages.

* All of the in-memory extent representations (extent_map.c, ordered-data.c etc)
are changed to record both an in-memory size and an on disk size, as well
as a flag for compression.

From a disk format point of view, the extent pointers in the file are changed
to record the on disk size of a given extent and some encoding flags.
Space in the disk format is allocated for compression encoding, as well
as encryption and a generic 'other' field.  Neither the encryption or the
'other' field are currently used.

In order to limit the amount of data read for a single random read in the
file, the size of a compressed extent is limited to 128k.  This is a
software only limit, the disk format supports u64 sized compressed extents.

In order to limit the ram consumed while processing extents, the uncompressed
size of a compressed extent is limited to 256k.  This is a software only limit
and will be subject to tuning later.

Checksumming is still done on compressed extents, and it is done on the
uncompressed version of the data.  This way additional encodings can be
layered on without having to figure out which encoding to checksum.

Compression happens at delalloc time, which is basically singled threaded because
it is usually done by a single pdflush thread.  This makes it tricky to
spread the compression load across all the cpus on the box.  We'll have to
look at parallel pdflush walks of dirty inodes at a later time.

Decompression is hooked into readpages and it does spread across CPUs nicely.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Sometimes we end up freeing a reserved extent because we don't need it, however
this means that its possible for transaction->last_alloc to point to the middle
of a free area.

When we search for free space in find_free_space we do a tree_search_offset
with contains set to 0, because we want it to find the next best free area if
we do not have an offset starting on the given offset.

Unfortunately that currently means that if the offset we were given as a hint
points to the middle of a free area, we won't find anything.  This is especially
bad if we happened to last allocate from the big huge chunk of a newly formed
block group, since we won't find anything and have to go back and search the
long way around.

This fixes this problem by making it so that we return the free space area
regardless of the contains variable.  This made cache missing happen _alot_
less, and speeds things up considerably.
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>

Subvol creation already requires privs, and security_inode_mkdir isn't
exported.  For now we don't need it.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Creating a subvolume is in many ways like a normal VFS ->mkdir, and we
really need to play with the VFS topology locking rules.  So instead of
just creating the snapshot on disk and then later getting rid of
confliting aliases do it correctly from the start.  This will become
especially important once we allow for subvolumes anywhere in the tree,
and not just below a hidden root.

Note that snapshots will need the same treatment, but do to the delay
in creating them we can't do it currently.  Chris promised to fix that
issue, so I'll wait on that.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This fixes the btrfs makefile for building in the tree and out of the tree
both as a module and static.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Due to the optimization for truncate, tree leaves only containing
checksum items can be deleted without being COW'ed first. This causes
reference cache misses. The way to fix the miss is create cache
entries for tree leaves only contain checksum.

This patch also fixes a -EEXIST issue in shared reference cache.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

The offset field in struct btrfs_extent_ref records the position
inside file that file extent is referenced by. In the new back
reference system, tree leaves holding references to file extent
are recorded explicitly. We can scan these tree leaves very quickly, so the
offset field is not required.

This patch also makes the back reference system check the objectid
when extents are in deleting.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

This patch makes btrfs count space allocated to file in bytes instead
of 512 byte sectors.

Everything else in btrfs uses a byte count instead of sector sizes or
blocks sizes, so this fits better.
Signed-off-by: NYan Zheng <zheng.yan@oracle.com>

On 32 bit machines without CONFIG_LBD, the bi_sector field is only 32 bits.
Btrfs needs to cast it before shifting up, or we end up doing IO into
the wrong place.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

The tree logging code was trying to separate tree log allocations
from normal metadata allocations to improve writeback patterns during
an fsync.

But, the code was not effective and ended up just mixing tree log
blocks with regular metadata.  That seems to be working fairly well,
so the last_log_alloc code can be removed.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This reworks the btrfs O_DIRECT write code a bit.  It had always fallen
back to buffered IO and done an invalidate, but needed to be updated
for the data=ordered code.  The invalidate wasn't actually removing pages
because they were still inside an ordered extent.

This also combines the O_DIRECT/O_SYNC paths where possible, and kicks
off IO in the main btrfs_file_write loop to keep the pipe down the the
disk full as we process long writes.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Checksum items take up a significant portion of the metadata for large files.
It is possible to avoid reading them during truncates by checking the keys in
the higher level nodes.

If a given leaf is followed by another leaf where the lowest key is a checksum
item from the same file, we know we can safely delete the leaf without
reading it.

For a 32GB file on a 6 drive raid0 array, Btrfs needs 8s to delete
the file with a cold cache.  It is read bound during the run.

With this change, Btrfs is able to delete the file in 0.5s
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This fixes a deadlock that happens between the alloc_mutex and chunk_mutex.
Process A comes in, decides to do a do_chunk_alloc, which takes the
chunk_mutex, and is holding the alloc_mutex because the only way you get to
do_chunk_alloc is by holding the alloc_mutex.  btrfs_alloc_chunk does its thing
and goes to insert a new item, which results in a cow of the block.

We get into del_pending_extents from there, where if we need to be rescheduled
we drop the alloc_mutex and schedule.  At this point process B comes in to do
an allocation and gets the alloc_mutex, and because process A did not do the
chunk allocation completely it thinks its a good time to do a chunk allocation
as well, and hangs on the chunk_mutex.

Process A wakes up and tries to take the alloc_mutex and cannot.  The way to
fix this is do a mutex_trylock() on chunk_mutex.  If we return 0 we didn't get
the lock, and if this is just a "hey it may be a good time to allocate a chunk"
then we just exit.  If we are trying to force an allocation then we reschedule
and keep trying to acquire the chunk_mutex.  If once we acquire it the space is
already full then we can just exit, otherwise we can continue with the chunk
allocation.  Thank you,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

When reading in block groups, a global mask of the available raid policies
should be adjusted based on the types of block groups found on disk.  This
global mask is then used to decide which raid policy to use for new
block groups.

The recent allocator changes dropped the call that updated the global
mask, making all the block groups allocated at run time single striped
onto a single drive.

This also fixes the async worker threads to set any thread that uses
the requeue mechanism as busy.  This allows us to avoid blocking
on get_request_wait for the async bio submission threads.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This patch fixes a problem where we end up seeking too much when *last_ptr is
valid.  This happens because btrfs_lookup_first_block_group only returns a
block group that starts on or after the given search start, so if the
search_start is in the middle of a block group it will return the block group
after the given search_start, which is suboptimal.

This patch fixes that by doing a btrfs_lookup_block_group, which will return
the block group that contains the given search start.  If we fail to find a
block group, we fall back on btrfs_lookup_first_block_group so we can find the
next block group, not sure if this is absolutely needed, but better safe than
sorry.

Also if we can't find the block group that we need, or it happens to not be of
the right type, we need to add empty_cluster since *last_ptr could point to a
mismatched block group, which means we need to start over with empty_cluster
added to total needed.  Thank you,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This improves the comments at the top of many functions.  It didn't
dive into the guts of functions because I was trying to
avoid merging problems with the new allocator and back reference work.

extent-tree.c and volumes.c were both skipped, and there is definitely
more work todo in cleaning and commenting the code.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

btrfs_add_leaf_ref was doing checks on the objects it found in the
rbtree to make sure they were properly linked into the tree.  But, the field
it was checking can be safely changed outside of the tree spin lock.

The WARN_ON was for debugging the initial implementation and can be
safely removed.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

btrfs-vol -a /dev/xxx will zero the first and last two MB of the device.
The kernel code needs to wait for this IO to finish before it adds
the device.

btrfs metadata IO does not happen through the block device inode.  A
separate address space is used, allowing the zero filled buffer heads in
the block device inode to be written to disk after FS metadata starts
going down to the disk via the btrfs metadata inode.

The end result is zero filled metadata blocks after adding new devices
into the filesystem.

The fix is a simple filemap_write_and_wait on the block device inode
before actually inserting it into the pool of available devices.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

This patch updates the space balancing code to utilize the new
backref format.  Before, btrfs-vol -b would break any COW links
on data blocks or metadata.  This was slow and caused the amount
of space used to explode if a large number of snapshots were present.

The new code can keeps the sharing of all data extents and
most of the tree blocks.

To maintain the sharing of data extents, the space balance code uses
a seperate inode hold data extent pointers, then updates the references
to point to the new location.

To maintain the sharing of tree blocks, the space balance code uses
reloc trees to relocate tree blocks in reference counted roots.
There is one reloc tree for each subvol, and all reloc trees share
same root key objectid. Reloc trees are snapshots of the latest
committed roots of subvols (root->commit_root).

To relocate a tree block referenced by a subvol, there are two steps.
COW the block through subvol's reloc tree, then update block pointer in
the subvol to point to the new block. Since all reloc trees share
same root key objectid, doing special handing for tree blocks
owned by them is easy. Once a tree block has been COWed in one
reloc tree, we can use the resulting new block directly when the
same block is required to COW again through other reloc trees.
In this way, relocated tree blocks are shared between reloc trees,
so they are also shared between subvols.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

* Add an EXTENT_BOUNDARY state bit to keep the writepage code
from merging data extents that are in the process of being
relocated.  This allows us to do accounting for them properly.

* The balancing code relocates data extents indepdent of the underlying
inode.  The extent_map code was modified to properly account for
things moving around (invalidating extent_map caches in the inode).

* Don't take the drop_mutex in the create_subvol ioctl.  It isn't
required.

* Fix walking of the ordered extent list to avoid races with sys_unlink

* Change the lock ordering rules.  Transaction start goes outside
the drop_mutex.  This allows btrfs_commit_transaction to directly
drop the relocation trees.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

Btrfs has a cache of reference counts in leaves, allowing it to
avoid reading tree leaves while deleting snapshots.  To reduce
contention with multiple subvolumes, this cache is private to each
subvolume.

This patch adds shared reference cache support. The new space
balancing code plays with multiple subvols at the same time, So
the old per-subvol reference cache is not well suited.
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>