There's no reason to use atomic bitops for cgroup_subsys_state->flags,
cgroup_root->flags and various subsys_masks.  This patch updates those
to use bitwise and/or operations instead and converts them form
unsigned long to unsigned int.

This makes the fields occupy (marginally) smaller space and makes it
clear that they don't require atomicity.

This patch doesn't cause any behavior difference.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Use pr_fmt and remove embedded prefixes.
Realign modified multi-line statements to open parenthesis.
Convert embedded function name to "%s: ", __func__
Signed-off-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

As suggested by scripts/checkpatch.pl, substitude all pr_warning()
with pr_warn().

No functional change.
Signed-off-by: NJianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

6612f05b ("cgroup: unify pidlist and other file handling")
has removed the only user of cgroup_pidlist_seq_operations :
cgroup_pidlist_open().

This patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: NJianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

1d5be6b2 ("cgroup: move module ref handling into
rebind_subsystems()") makes parse_cgroupfs_options() no longer takes
refcounts on subsystems.

And unified hierachy makes parse_cgroupfs_options not need to call
with cgroup_mutex held to protect the cgroup_subsys[].

So this patch removes BUG_ON() and the comment.  As the comment
doesn't contain useful information afterwards, the whole comment is
removed.
Signed-off-by: NJianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

cgroup users often need a way to determine when a cgroup's
subhierarchy becomes empty so that it can be cleaned up.  cgroup
currently provides release_agent for it; unfortunately, this mechanism
is riddled with issues.

* It delivers events by forking and execing a userland binary
  specified as the release_agent.  This is a long deprecated method of
  notification delivery.  It's extremely heavy, slow and cumbersome to
  integrate with larger infrastructure.

* There is single monitoring point at the root.  There's no way to
  delegate management of a subtree.

* The event isn't recursive.  It triggers when a cgroup doesn't have
  any tasks or child cgroups.  Events for internal nodes trigger only
  after all children are removed.  This again makes it impossible to
  delegate management of a subtree.

* Events are filtered from the kernel side.  "notify_on_release" file
  is used to subscribe to or suppress release event.  This is
  unnecessarily complicated and probably done this way because event
  delivery itself was expensive.

This patch implements interface file "cgroup.populated" which can be
used to monitor whether the cgroup's subhierarchy has tasks in it or
not.  Its value is 0 if there is no task in the cgroup and its
descendants; otherwise, 1, and kernfs_notify() notificaiton is
triggers when the value changes, which can be monitored through poll
and [di]notify.

This is a lot ligther and simpler and trivially allows delegating
management of subhierarchy - subhierarchy monitoring can block further
propgation simply by putting itself or another process in the root of
the subhierarchy and monitor events that it's interested in from there
without interfering with monitoring higher in the tree.

v2: Patch description updated as per Serge.

v3: "cgroup.subtree_populated" renamed to "cgroup.populated".  The
    subtree_ prefix was a bit confusing because
    "cgroup.subtree_control" uses it to denote the tree rooted at the
    cgroup sans the cgroup itself while the populated state includes
    the cgroup itself.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NSerge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Lennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>

cgroup is switching away from multiple hierarchies and will use one
unified default hierarchy where controllers can be dynamically enabled
and disabled per subtree.  The default hierarchy will serve as the
unified hierarchy to which all controllers are attached and a css on
the default hierarchy would need to also serve the tasks of descendant
cgroups which don't have the controller enabled - ie. the tree may be
collapsed from leaf towards root when viewed from specific
controllers.  This has been implemented through effective css in the
previous patches.

This patch finally implements dynamic subtree controller
enable/disable on the default hierarchy via a new knob -
"cgroup.subtree_control" which controls which controllers are enabled
on the child cgroups.  Let's assume a hierarchy like the following.

  root - A - B - C
               \ D

root's "cgroup.subtree_control" determines which controllers are
enabled on A.  A's on B.  B's on C and D.  This coincides with the
fact that controllers on the immediate sub-level are used to
distribute the resources of the parent.  In fact, it's natural to
assume that resource control knobs of a child belong to its parent.
Enabling a controller in "cgroup.subtree_control" declares that
distribution of the respective resources of the cgroup will be
controlled.  Note that this means that controller enable states are
shared among siblings.

The default hierarchy has an extra restriction - only cgroups which
don't contain any task may have controllers enabled in
"cgroup.subtree_control".  Combined with the other properties of the
default hierarchy, this guarantees that, from the view point of
controllers, tasks are only on the leaf cgroups.  In other words, only
leaf csses may contain tasks.  This rules out situations where child
cgroups compete against internal tasks of the parent, which is a
competition between two different types of entities without any clear
way to determine resource distribution between the two.  Different
controllers handle it differently and all the implemented behaviors
are ambiguous, ad-hoc, cumbersome and/or just wrong.  Having this
structural constraints imposed from cgroup core removes the burden
from controller implementations and enables showing one consistent
behavior across all controllers.

When a controller is enabled or disabled, css associations for the
controller in the subtrees of each child should be updated.  After
enabling, the whole subtree of a child should point to the new css of
the child.  After disabling, the whole subtree of a child should point
to the cgroup's css.  This is implemented by first updating cgroup
states such that cgroup_e_css() result points to the appropriate css
and then invoking cgroup_update_dfl_csses() which migrates all tasks
in the affected subtrees to the self cgroup on the default hierarchy.

* When read, "cgroup.subtree_control" lists all the currently enabled
  controllers on the children of the cgroup.

* White-space separated list of controller names prefixed with either
  '+' or '-' can be written to "cgroup.subtree_control".  The ones
  prefixed with '+' are enabled on the controller and '-' disabled.

* A controller can be enabled iff the parent's
  "cgroup.subtree_control" enables it and disabled iff no child's
  "cgroup.subtree_control" has it enabled.

* If a cgroup has tasks, no controller can be enabled via
  "cgroup.subtree_control".  Likewise, if "cgroup.subtree_control" has
  some controllers enabled, tasks can't be migrated into the cgroup.

* All controllers which aren't bound on other hierarchies are
  automatically associated with the root cgroup of the default
  hierarchy.  All the controllers which are bound to the default
  hierarchy are listed in the read-only file "cgroup.controllers" in
  the root directory.

* "cgroup.controllers" in all non-root cgroups is read-only file whose
  content is equal to that of "cgroup.subtree_control" of the parent.
  This indicates which controllers can be used in the cgroup's
  "cgroup.subtree_control".

This is still experimental and there are some holes, one of which is
that ->can_attach() failure during cgroup_update_dfl_csses() may leave
the cgroups in an undefined state.  The issues will be addressed by
future patches.

v2: Non-root cgroups now also have "cgroup.controllers".
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Unified hierarchy implementation would require re-migrating tasks onto
the same cgroup on the default hierarchy to reflect updated effective
csses.  Update cgroup_migrate_prepare_dst() so that it accepts NULL as
the destination cgrp.  When NULL is specified, the destination is
considered to be the cgroup on the default hierarchy associated with
each css_set.

After this change, the identity check in cgroup_migrate_add_src()
isn't sufficient for noop detection as the associated csses may change
without any cgroup association changing.  The only way to tell whether
a migration is noop or not is testing whether the source and
destination csets are identical.  The noop check in
cgroup_migrate_add_src() is removed and cset identity test is added to
cgroup_migreate_prepare_dst().  If it's detected that source and
destination csets are identical, the cset is removed removed from
@preloaded_csets and all the migration nodes are cleared which makes
cgroup_migrate() ignore the cset.

Also, make the function append the destination css_sets to
@preloaded_list so that destination css_sets always come after source
css_sets.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Because the default root couldn't have any non-root csses attached to
it, rebinding away from it was always allowed; however, the default
hierarchy will soon host the unified hierarchy and have non-root csses
so the rebind restrictions need to be updated accordingly.

Instead of special casing rebinding from the default hierarchy and
then checking whether the source hierarchy has children cgroups, which
implies non-root csses for !dfl hierarchies, simply check whether the
source hierarchy has non-root csses for the subsystem using
css_next_child().
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

To implement the unified hierarchy behavior, we'll need to be able to
determine the associated cgroup on the default hierarchy from css_set.
Let's add css_set->dfl_cgrp so that it can be accessed conveniently
and efficiently.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Now that effective css handling has been added and iterators updated
accordingly, it's safe to allow cgroup creation in the default
hierarchy.  Unblock cgroup creation in the default hierarchy.

As the default hierarchy will implement explicit enabling and
disabling of controllers on each cgroup, suppress automatic css
enabling on cgroup creation.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

After a css finishes offlining, offline_css() mistakenly performs
RCU_INIT_POINTER(css->cgroup->subsys[ss->id], css) which just sets the
cgroup->subsys[] pointer to the current value.  The intention was to
clear it after offline is complete, not reassign the same value.

Update it to assign NULL instead of the current value.  This makes
cgroup_css() to return NULL once offline is complete.  All the
existing users of the function either can handle NULL return already
or guarantee that the css doesn't get offlined.

While this is a bugfix, as css lifetime is currently tied to the
cgroup it belongs to, this bug doesn't cause any actual problems.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Currently, css_task_iter iterates tasks associated with a css by
visiting each css_set associated with the owning cgroup and walking
tasks of each of them.  This works fine for !unified hierarchies as
each cgroup has its own css for each associated subsystem on the
hierarchy; however, on the planned unified hierarchy, a cgroup may not
have csses associated and its tasks would be considered associated
with the matching css of the nearest ancestor which has the subsystem
enabled.

This means that on the default unified hierarchy, just walking all
tasks associated with a cgroup isn't enough to walk all tasks which
are associated with the specified css.  If any of its children doesn't
have the matching css enabled, task iteration should also include all
tasks from the subtree.  We already added cgroup->e_csets[] to list
all css_sets effectively associated with a given css and walk css_sets
on that list instead to achieve such iteration.

This patch updates css_task_iter iteration such that it walks css_sets
on cgroup->e_csets[] instead of cgroup->cset_links if iteration is
requested on an non-dummy css.  Thanks to the previous iteration
update, this change can be achieved with the addition of
css_task_iter->ss and minimal updates to css_advance_task_iter() and
css_task_iter_start().
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

This patch reorganizes css_task_iter so that adding effective css
support is easier.

* s/->cset_link/->cset_pos/ and s/->task/->task_pos/ for consistency

* ->origin_css is used to determine whether the iteration reached the
  last css_set.  Replace it with explicit ->cset_head so that
  css_advance_task_iter() doesn't have to know the termination
  condition directly.

* css_task_iter_next() currently assumes that it's walking list of
  cgrp_cset_link and reaches into the current cset through the current
  link to determine the termination conditions for task walking.  As
  this won't always be true for effective css walking, add
  ->tasks_head and ->mg_tasks_head and use them to control task
  walking so that css_task_iter_next() doesn't have to know how
  css_sets are being walked.

This patch doesn't make any behavior changes.  The iteration logic
stays unchanged after the patch.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

css_next_child() walks the children of the specified css.  It does
this by finding the next cgroup and then returning the requested css.
On the default unified hierarchy, a cgroup may not have a css
associated with it even if the hierarchy has the subsystem enabled.
This patch updates css_next_child() so that it skips children without
the requested css associated.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

On the default unified hierarchy, a cgroup may be associated with
csses of its ancestors, which means that a css of a given cgroup may
be associated with css_sets of descendant cgroups.  This means that we
can't walk all tasks associated with a css by iterating the css_sets
associated with the cgroup as there are css_sets which are pointing to
the css but linked on the descendants.

This patch adds per-subsystem list heads cgroup->e_csets[].  Any
css_set which is pointing to a css is linked to
css->cgroup->e_csets[$SUBSYS_ID] through
css_set->e_cset_node[$SUBSYS_ID].  The lists are protected by
css_set_rwsem and will allow us to walk all css_sets associated with a
given css so that we can find out all associated tasks.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

In the planned default unified hierarchy, controllers may get
dynamically attached to and detached from a cgroup and a cgroup may
not have csses for all the controllers associated with the hierarchy.

When a cgroup doesn't have its own css for a given controller, the css
of the nearest ancestor with the controller enabled will be used,
which is called the effective css.  This patch introduces
cgroup_e_css() and for_each_e_css() to access the effective csses and
convert compare_css_sets(), find_existing_css_set() and
cgroup_migrate() to use the effective csses so that they can handle
cgroups with partial csses correctly.

This means that for two css_sets to be considered identical, they
should have both matching csses and cgroups.  compare_css_sets()
already compares both, not for correctness but for optimization.  As
this now becomes a matter of correctness, update the comments
accordingly.

For all !default hierarchies, cgroup_e_css() always equals
cgroup_css(), so this patch doesn't change behavior.

While at it, fix incorrect locking comment for for_each_css().
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

94419627 ("cgroup: move ->subsys_mask from cgroupfs_root to
cgroup") moved ->subsys_mask from cgroup_root to cgroup to prepare for
the unified hierarhcy; however, it turns out that carrying the
subsys_mask of the children in the parent, instead of itself, is a lot
more natural.  This patch restores cgroup_root->subsys_mask and morphs
cgroup->subsys_mask into cgroup->child_subsys_mask.

* Uses of root->cgrp.subsys_mask are restored to root->subsys_mask.

* Remove automatic setting and clearing of cgrp->subsys_mask and
  instead just inherit ->child_subsys_mask from the parent during
  cgroup creation.  Note that this doesn't affect any current
  behaviors.

* Undo __kill_css() separation.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

cgroup_apply_cftypes() skip creating or removing files if the
subsystem is attached to the default hierarchy, which led to missing
files in the root of the default hierarchy.

Skipping made sense when the default hierarchy was dummy; however, now
that the default hierarchy is full functional and planned to be used
as the unified hierarchy, it shouldn't be skipped over.
Reported-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

If we hit the retry path, we'll call parse_cgroupfs_options() again,
but the string we pass to it has been modified by the previous call
to this function.

This bug can be observed by:

  # mount -t cgroup -o name=foo,cpuset xxx /mnt && umount /mnt && \
    mount -t cgroup -o name=foo,cpuset xxx /mnt
  mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on xxx,
         missing codepage or helper program, or other error
  ...

The second mount passed "name=foo,cpuset" to the parser, and then it
hit the retry path and call the parser again, but this time the string
passed to the parser is "name=foo".

To fix this, we avoid calling parse_cgroupfs_options() again in this
case.
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

While converting cgroup to kernfs, 2bd59d48 ("cgroup: convert to
kernfs") accidentally dropped the logic which makes newly created
cgroup dirs and files owned by the current uid / gid.  This broke
cases where cgroup subtree management is delegated to !root as the sub
manager wouldn't be able to create more than single level of hierarchy
or put tasks into child cgroups it created.

Among other things, this breaks user session management in systemd and
one of the symptoms was 90s hang during shutdown.  User session
systemd running as the user creates a sub-service to initiate shutdown
and tries to put kill(1) into it but fails because cgroup.procs is
owned by root.  This leads to 90s hang during shutdown.

Implement cgroup_kn_set_ugid() which sets a kn's uid and gid to those
of the caller and use it from file and dir creation paths.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As mount() and kill_sb() is not a one-to-one match, If we mount the same
cgroupfs in serveral mount points, and then umount all of them, kill_sb()
will be called only once.

Try:
        # mount -t cgroup -o cpuacct xxx /cgroup
        # mount -t cgroup -o cpuacct xxx /cgroup2
        # cat /proc/cgroups | grep cpuacct
        cpuacct 2       1       1
        # umount /cgroup
        # umount /cgroup2
        # cat /proc/cgroups | grep cpuacct
        cpuacct 2       1       1

You'll see cgroupfs will never be freed.
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

cgroup_exit() is called in fork and exit path. If it's called in the
failure path during fork, PF_EXITING isn't set, and then lockdep will
complain.

Fix this by removing cgroup_exit() in that failure path. cgroup_fork()
does nothing that needs cleanup.
Reported-by: NSasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

This patch replaces rcu_assign_pointer(x, NULL) with
RCU_INIT_POINTER(x, NULL)

The rcu_assign_pointer() ensures that the initialization of a
structure is carried out before storing a pointer to that structure.
And in the case of the NULL pointer, there is no structure to
initialize.  So, rcu_assign_pointer(p, NULL) can be safely converted
to RCU_INIT_POINTER(p, NULL)
Signed-off-by: NMonam Agarwal <monamagarwal123@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

cgroup_tree_mutex should nest above the kernfs active_ref protection;
however, cgroup_create() and cgroup_rename() were grabbing
cgroup_tree_mutex while under kernfs active_ref protection.  This has
actualy possibility to lead to deadlocks in case these operations race
against cgroup_rmdir() which invokes kernfs_remove() on directory
kernfs_node while holding cgroup_tree_mutex.

Neither cgroup_create() or cgroup_rename() requires active_ref
protection.  The former already has enough synchronization through
cgroup_lock_live_group() and the latter doesn't care, so this can be
fixed by updating both functions to break all active_ref protections
before grabbing cgroup_tree_mutex.

While this patch fixes the immediate issue, it probably needs further
work in the long term - kernfs directories should enable lockdep
annotations and maybe the better way to handle this is marking
directory nodes as not needing active_ref protection rather than
breaking it in each operation.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

cgroup_taskset is used to track and iterate target tasks while
migrating a task or process and should guarantee that the first task
iterated is the task group leader if a process is being migrated.

b3dc094e ("cgroup: use css_set->mg_tasks to track target tasks
during migration") replaced flex array cgroup_taskset->tc_array with
css_set->mg_tasks list to remove process size limit and dynamic
allocation during migration; unfortunately, it incorrectly used list
operations which don't preserve order breaking the guarantee that
cgroup_taskset_first() returns the leader for a process target.

Fix it by using order preserving list operations.  Note that as
multiple src_csets may map to a single dst_cset, the iteration order
may change across cgroup_task_migrate(); however, the leader is still
guaranteed to be the first entry.

The switch to list_splice_tail_init() at the end of cgroup_migrate()
isn't strictly necessary.  Let's still do it for consistency.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

This cftype flag makes the file only appear on the default hierarchy.
This will later be used for cgroup.controllers file.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

cgrp_dfl_root will be used as the default unified hierarchy.  This
patch makes cgrp_dfl_root mountable by making the following changes.

* cgroup_init_early() now initializes cgrp_dfl_root w/
  CGRP_ROOT_SANE_BEHAVIOR.  The default hierarchy is always sane.

* parse_cgroupfs_options() and cgroup_mount() are updated such that
  cgrp_dfl_root is mounted if sane_behavior is specified w/o any
  subsystems.

* rebind_subsystems() now populates the root directory of
  cgrp_dfl_root.  Note that the function still guarantees success of
  rebinding subsystems to cgrp_dfl_root.  If populating fails while
  rebinding to cgrp_dfl_root, it whines but ignores the error.

* For backward compatibility, the default hierarchy shows up in
  /proc/$PID/cgroup only after it's explicitly mounted so that
  userland which doesn't make use of it doesn't see any change.

* "current_css_set_cg_links" file of debug cgroup now treats the
  default hierarchy the same as other hierarchies.  This is visible to
  userland.  Given that it's for debug controller, this should be
  fine.

* While at it, implement cgroup_on_dfl() which tests whether a give
  cgroup is on the default hierarchy or not.

The above changes make cgrp_dfl_root mostly equivalent to other
controllers but the actual unified hierarchy behaviors are not
implemented yet.  Let's plug child cgroup creation in cgrp_dfl_root
from create_cgroup() for now.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

cftype->write_string() just passes on the writeable buffer from kernfs
and there's no reason to add const restriction on the buffer.  The
only thing const achieves is unnecessarily complicating parsing of the
buffer.  Drop const from @buffer.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>                                           
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>

The dummy root will be repurposed to serve as the default unified
hierarchy.  Let's rename things in preparation.

* s/cgroup_dummy_root/cgrp_dfl_root/
* s/cgroupfs_root/cgroup_root/ as we don't do fs part directly anymore
* s/cgroup_root->top_cgroup/cgroup_root->cgrp/ for brevity

This is pure rename.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

cgroupfs_root->subsys_mask represents the controllers attached to the
hierarchy.  This patch moves the field to cgroup.  Subsystem
initialization and rebinding updates the top cgroup's subsys_mask.
For !root cgroups, the subsys_mask bits are set from create_css() and
cleared from kill_css(), which effectively means that all cgroups will
have the same subsys_mask as the top cgroup.

While this doesn't make any difference now, this will help
implementation of the default unified hierarchy where !root cgroups
may have subsets of the top_cgroup's subsys_mask.

While at it, __kill_css() is split out of kill_css().  The former
doesn't care about the subsys_mask while the latter becomes noop if
the controller is already killed and clears the matching bit if not
before proceeding to killing the css.  This will be used later by the
default unified hierarchy implementation.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

Currently, while rebinding, cgroup_dummy_root serves as the anchor
point.  In addition to the target root, rebind_subsystems() takes
@added_mask and @removed_mask.  The subsystems specified in the former
are expected to be on the dummy root and then moved to the target
root.  The ones in the latter are moved from non-dummy root to dummy.
Now that the dummy root is a fully functional one and we're planning
to use it for the default unified hierarchy, this level of distinction
between dummy and non-dummy roots is quite awkward.

This patch updates rebind_subsystems() to take the target root and one
subsystem mask and move the specified subsystmes to the target root
which may or may not be the dummy root.  IOW, unbinding now becomes
moving the subsystems to the dummy root and binding to non-dummy root.
This makes the dummy root mostly equivalent to other hierarchies in
terms of the mechanism of moving subsystems around; however, we still
retain all the semantical restrictions so that this patch doesn't
introduce any visible behavior differences.  Another noteworthy detail
is that rebind_subsystems() guarantees that moving a subsystem to the
dummy root never fails so that valid unmounting attempts always
succeed.

This unifies binding and unbinding of subsystems.  The invocation
points of ->bind() were inconsistent between the two and now moved
after whole rebinding is complete.  This doesn't break the current
users and generally makes more sense.

All rebind_subsystems() users are converted accordingly.  Note that
cgroup_remount() now makes two calls to rebind_subsystems() to bind
and then unbind the requested subsystems.

This will allow repurposing of the dummy hierarchy as the default
unified hierarchy and shouldn't make any userland visible behavior
difference.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

cgroup_dummy_root is used to host controllers which aren't attached to
any other hierarchy.  The root is minimally set up during kernfs
bootstrap and didn't go through full hierarchy initialization.  We're
planning to use cgroup_dummy_root for the default unified hierarchy
and thus want it to be fully functional.

Replace the special initialization, which was collected into
cgroup_init() by the previous patch, with an invocation of
cgroup_setup_root().  This simplifies the init path and makes
cgroup_dummy_root a full hierarchy with its own kernfs_root and all.

As this puts the dummy hierarchy on the cgroup_roots list, rename
for_each_active_root() to for_each_root() and update its users to skip
the dummy root for now.

This patch doesn't cause any userland visible behavior changes at this
point.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

* Fields of init_css_set and css_set_count are now set using
  initializer instead of programmatically from cgroup_init_early().

* init_cgroup_root() now also takes @opts and performs the optional
  part of initialization too.  The leftover part of
  cgroup_root_from_opts() is collapsed into its only caller -
  cgroup_mount().

* Initialization of cgroup_root_count and linking of init_css_set are
  moved from cgroup_init_early() to to cgroup_init().  None of the
  early_init users depends on init_css_set being linked.

* Subsystem initializations are moved after dummy hierarchy init and
  init_css_set linking.

These changes reorganize the bootstrap logic so that the dummy
hierarchy can share the usual hierarchy init path and be made more
normal.  These changes don't make noticeable behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

In cgroup_destroy_locked(), move setting of CGRP_DEAD above
invocations of kill_css().  This doesn't make any visible behavior
difference now but will be used to inhibit manipulating controller
enable states of a dying cgroup on the unified hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

If online_css() fails, we should remove cgroup files belonging
to css->ss.
Signed-off-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>

cgroup_transfer_tasks() can currently fail in the middle due to memory
allocation failure.  When that happens, the function just aborts and
returns error code and there's no way to tell how many actually got
migrated at the point of failure and or to revert the partial
migration.

Update it to use cgroup_migrate{_add_src|prepare_dst|migrate|finish}()
so that the function either succeeds or fails as a whole as long as
->can_attach() doesn't fail.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

For optimization, task_lock() is additionally used to protect
task->cgroups.  The optimization is pretty dubious as either
css_set_rwsem is grabbed anyway or PF_EXITING already protects
task->cgroups.  It adds only overhead and confusion at this point.
Let's drop task_[un]lock() and update comments accordingly.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>

When a new process is forked, cgroup_fork() associates it with the
css_set of its parent but doesn't link it into it.  After the new
process is linked to tasklist, cgroup_post_fork() does the linking.

This is problematic for cgroup_transfer_tasks() as there's no way to
tell whether there are tasks which are pointing to a css_set but not
linked yet.  It is impossible to implement an operation which transfer
all tasks of a cgroup to another and the current
cgroup_transfer_tasks() can easily be tricked into leaving a newly
forked process behind if it gets called between cgroup_fork() and
cgroup_post_fork().

Let's make association with a css_set and linking atomic by moving it
to cgroup_post_fork().  cgroup_fork() sets child->cgroups to
init_css_set as a placeholder and cgroup_post_fork() is updated to
perform both the association with the parent's cgroup and linking
there.  This means that a newly created task will point to
init_css_set without holding a ref to it much like what it does on the
exit path.  Empty cg_list is used to indicate that the task isn't
holding a ref to the associated css_set.

This fixes an actual bug with cgroup_transfer_tasks(); however, I'm
not marking it for -stable.  The whole thing is broken in multiple
other ways which require invasive updates to fix and I don't think
it's worthwhile to bother with backporting this particular one.
Fortunately, the only user is cpuset and these bugs don't crash the
machine.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: NLi Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>