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  1. 10 5月, 2007 2 次提交
  3. 09 5月, 2007 3 次提交
  5. 08 5月, 2007 2 次提交
    • B
      blackfin architecture · 1394f032
      由 Bryan Wu 提交于 
      This adds support for the Analog Devices Blackfin processor architecture, and
currently supports the BF533, BF532, BF531, BF537, BF536, BF534, and BF561
(Dual Core) devices, with a variety of development platforms including those
avaliable from Analog Devices (BF533-EZKit, BF533-STAMP, BF537-STAMP,
BF561-EZKIT), and Bluetechnix!  Tinyboards.

The Blackfin architecture was jointly developed by Intel and Analog Devices
Inc.  (ADI) as the Micro Signal Architecture (MSA) core and introduced it in
December of 2000.  Since then ADI has put this core into its Blackfin
processor family of devices.  The Blackfin core has the advantages of a clean,
orthogonal,RISC-like microprocessor instruction set.  It combines a dual-MAC
(Multiply/Accumulate), state-of-the-art signal processing engine and
single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) multimedia capabilities into a single
instruction-set architecture.

The Blackfin architecture, including the instruction set, is described by the
ADSP-BF53x/BF56x Blackfin Processor Programming Reference
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/download/frsrelease/29/2549/Blackfin_PRM.pdf

The Blackfin processor is already supported by major releases of gcc, and
there are binary and source rpms/tarballs for many architectures at:
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/gf/project/toolchain/frs There is complete
documentation, including "getting started" guides available at:
http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/ which provides links to the sources and
patches you will need in order to set up a cross-compiling environment for
bfin-linux-uclibc

This patch, as well as the other patches (toolchain, distribution,
uClibc) are actively supported by Analog Devices Inc, at:
http://blackfin.uclinux.org/

We have tested this on LTP, and our test plan (including pass/fails) can
be found at:
http://docs.blackfin.uclinux.org/doku.php?id=testing_the_linux_kernel

[m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl: balance parenthesis in blackfin header files]
Signed-off-by: NBryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: NMariusz Kozlowski <m.kozlowski@tuxland.pl>
Signed-off-by: NAubrey Li <aubrey.li@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: NJie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      1394f032
    • C
      SLUB core · 81819f0f
      由 Christoph Lameter 提交于 
      This is a new slab allocator which was motivated by the complexity of the
existing code in mm/slab.c. It attempts to address a variety of concerns
with the existing implementation.

A. Management of object queues

   A particular concern was the complex management of the numerous object
   queues in SLAB. SLUB has no such queues. Instead we dedicate a slab for
   each allocating CPU and use objects from a slab directly instead of
   queueing them up.

B. Storage overhead of object queues

   SLAB Object queues exist per node, per CPU. The alien cache queue even
   has a queue array that contain a queue for each processor on each
   node. For very large systems the number of queues and the number of
   objects that may be caught in those queues grows exponentially. On our
   systems with 1k nodes / processors we have several gigabytes just tied up
   for storing references to objects for those queues  This does not include
   the objects that could be on those queues. One fears that the whole
   memory of the machine could one day be consumed by those queues.

C. SLAB meta data overhead

   SLAB has overhead at the beginning of each slab. This means that data
   cannot be naturally aligned at the beginning of a slab block. SLUB keeps
   all meta data in the corresponding page_struct. Objects can be naturally
   aligned in the slab. F.e. a 128 byte object will be aligned at 128 byte
   boundaries and can fit tightly into a 4k page with no bytes left over.
   SLAB cannot do this.

D. SLAB has a complex cache reaper

   SLUB does not need a cache reaper for UP systems. On SMP systems
   the per CPU slab may be pushed back into partial list but that
   operation is simple and does not require an iteration over a list
   of objects. SLAB expires per CPU, shared and alien object queues
   during cache reaping which may cause strange hold offs.

E. SLAB has complex NUMA policy layer support

   SLUB pushes NUMA policy handling into the page allocator. This means that
   allocation is coarser (SLUB does interleave on a page level) but that
   situation was also present before 2.6.13. SLABs application of
   policies to individual slab objects allocated in SLAB is
   certainly a performance concern due to the frequent references to
   memory policies which may lead a sequence of objects to come from
   one node after another. SLUB will get a slab full of objects
   from one node and then will switch to the next.

F. Reduction of the size of partial slab lists

   SLAB has per node partial lists. This means that over time a large
   number of partial slabs may accumulate on those lists. These can
   only be reused if allocator occur on specific nodes. SLUB has a global
   pool of partial slabs and will consume slabs from that pool to
   decrease fragmentation.

G. Tunables

   SLAB has sophisticated tuning abilities for each slab cache. One can
   manipulate the queue sizes in detail. However, filling the queues still
   requires the uses of the spin lock to check out slabs. SLUB has a global
   parameter (min_slab_order) for tuning. Increasing the minimum slab
   order can decrease the locking overhead. The bigger the slab order the
   less motions of pages between per CPU and partial lists occur and the
   better SLUB will be scaling.

G. Slab merging

   We often have slab caches with similar parameters. SLUB detects those
   on boot up and merges them into the corresponding general caches. This
   leads to more effective memory use. About 50% of all caches can
   be eliminated through slab merging. This will also decrease
   slab fragmentation because partial allocated slabs can be filled
   up again. Slab merging can be switched off by specifying
   slub_nomerge on boot up.

   Note that merging can expose heretofore unknown bugs in the kernel
   because corrupted objects may now be placed differently and corrupt
   differing neighboring objects. Enable sanity checks to find those.

H. Diagnostics

   The current slab diagnostics are difficult to use and require a
   recompilation of the kernel. SLUB contains debugging code that
   is always available (but is kept out of the hot code paths).
   SLUB diagnostics can be enabled via the "slab_debug" option.
   Parameters can be specified to select a single or a group of
   slab caches for diagnostics. This means that the system is running
   with the usual performance and it is much more likely that
   race conditions can be reproduced.

I. Resiliency

   If basic sanity checks are on then SLUB is capable of detecting
   common error conditions and recover as best as possible to allow the
   system to continue.

J. Tracing

   Tracing can be enabled via the slab_debug=T,<slabcache> option
   during boot. SLUB will then protocol all actions on that slabcache
   and dump the object contents on free.

K. On demand DMA cache creation.

   Generally DMA caches are not needed. If a kmalloc is used with
   __GFP_DMA then just create this single slabcache that is needed.
   For systems that have no ZONE_DMA requirement the support is
   completely eliminated.

L. Performance increase

   Some benchmarks have shown speed improvements on kernbench in the
   range of 5-10%. The locking overhead of slub is based on the
   underlying base allocation size. If we can reliably allocate
   larger order pages then it is possible to increase slub
   performance much further. The anti-fragmentation patches may
   enable further performance increases.

Tested on:
i386 UP + SMP, x86_64 UP + SMP + NUMA emulation, IA64 NUMA + Simulator

SLUB Boot options

slub_nomerge		Disable merging of slabs
slub_min_order=x	Require a minimum order for slab caches. This
			increases the managed chunk size and therefore
			reduces meta data and locking overhead.
slub_min_objects=x	Mininum objects per slab. Default is 8.
slub_max_order=x	Avoid generating slabs larger than order specified.
slub_debug		Enable all diagnostics for all caches
slub_debug=<options>	Enable selective options for all caches
slub_debug=<o>,<cache>	Enable selective options for a certain set of
			caches

Available Debug options
F		Double Free checking, sanity and resiliency
R		Red zoning
P		Object / padding poisoning
U		Track last free / alloc
T		Trace all allocs / frees (only use for individual slabs).

To use SLUB: Apply this patch and then select SLUB as the default slab
allocator.

[hugh@veritas.com: fix an oops-causing locking error]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: various stupid cleanups and small fixes]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      81819f0f
  7. 03 5月, 2007 1 次提交
  9. 07 3月, 2007 1 次提交
  11. 15 2月, 2007 1 次提交
  13. 12 2月, 2007 2 次提交
  15. 23 12月, 2006 2 次提交
  17. 13 12月, 2006 1 次提交
  19. 11 12月, 2006 1 次提交
    • A
      [PATCH] io-accounting: core statistics · 7c3ab738
      由 Andrew Morton 提交于 
      The present per-task IO accounting isn't very useful.  It simply counts the
number of bytes passed into read() and write().  So if a process reads 1MB
from an already-cached file, it is accused of having performed 1MB of I/O,
which is wrong.

(David Wright had some comments on the applicability of the present logical IO accounting:

  For billing purposes it is useless but for workload analysis it is very
  useful

  read_bytes/read_calls  average read request size
  write_bytes/write_calls average write request size

  read_bytes/read_blocks ie logical/physical can indicate hit rate or thrashing
  write_bytes/write_blocks  ie logical/physical  guess since pdflush writes can
                                                be missed

  I often look for logical larger than physical to see filesystem cache
  problems.  And the bytes/cpusec can help find applications that are
  dominating the cache and causing slow interactive response from page cache
  contention.

  I want to find the IO intensive applications and make sure they are doing
  efficient IO.  Thus the acctcms(sysV) or csacms command would give the high
  IO commands).

This patchset adds new accounting which tries to be more accurate.  We account
for three things:

reads:

  attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause
  to be fetched from the storage layer.  Done at the submit_bio() level, so it
  is accurate for block-backed filesystems.  I also attempt to wire up NFS and
  CIFS.

writes:

  attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent
  to the storage layer.  This is done at page-dirtying time.

  The big inaccuracy here is truncate.  If a process writes 1MB to a file
  and then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout.  But it will
  have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write.

  So...

cancelled_writes:

  account the number of bytes which this process caused to not happen, by
  truncating pagecache.

  We _could_ just subtract this from the process's `write' accounting.  But
  that means that some processes would be reported to have done negative
  amounts of write IO, which is silly.

  So we just report the raw number and punt this decision up to userspace.

Now, we _could_ account for writes at the physical I/O level.  But

- This would require that we track memory-dirtying tasks at the per-page
  level (would require a new pointer in struct page).

- It would mean that IO statistics for a process are usually only available
  long after that process has exitted.  Which means that we probably cannot
  communicate this info via taskstats.

This patch:

Wire up the kernel-private data structures and the accessor functions to
manipulate them.

Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Cc: David Wright <daw@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      7c3ab738
  21. 02 12月, 2006 1 次提交
  23. 09 11月, 2006 1 次提交
    • E
      [PATCH] sysctl: Undeprecate sys_sysctl · 13bb7e37
      由 Eric W. Biederman 提交于 
      The basic issue is that despite have been deprecated and warned about as a
very bad thing in the man pages since its inception there are a few real
users of sys_sysctl.  It was my assumption that because sysctl had been
deprecated for all of 2.6 there would be no user space users by this point,
so I initially gave sys_sysctl a very short deprecation period.

Now that I know there are a few real users the only sane way to proceed
with deprecation is to push the time limit out to a year or two work and
work with distributions that have big testing pools like fedora core to
find these last remaining users.

Which means that the sys_sysctl interface needs to be maintained in the
meantime.

Since I have provided a technical measure that allows us to add new sysctl
entries without reserving more binary numbers I believe that is enough to
fix the sys_sysctl binary interface maintenance problems, because there is
no longer a need to change the binary interface at all.

Since the sys_sysctl implementation needs to stay around for a while and
the worst of the maintenance issues that caused us to occasionally break
the ABI have been addressed I don't see any advantage in continuing with
the removal of sys_sysctl.

So instead of merely increasing the deprecation period this patch removes
the deprecation of sys_sysctl and modifies the kernel to compile the code
in by default.

With committing to maintain sys_sysctl we get all of the advantages of a
fast interface for anything that needs it.  Currently sys_sysctl is about
5x faster than /proc/sys, for the same string data.
Signed-off-by: NEric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: NAlan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      13bb7e37
  25. 21 10月, 2006 1 次提交
    • P
      [PATCH] uml: use DEFCONFIG_LIST to avoid reading host's config · b2670eac
      由 Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso 提交于 
      This should make sure that, for UML, host's configuration files are not
considered, which avoids various pains to the user.  Our dependency are such
that the obtained Kconfig will be valid and will lead to successful
compilation - however they cannot prevent an user from disabling any boot
device, and if an option is not set in the read .config (say
/boot/config-XXX), with make menuconfig ARCH=um, it is not set.  This always
disables UBD and all console I/O channels, which leads to non-working UML
kernels, so this bothers users - especially now, since it will happen on
almost every machine (/boot/config-`uname -r` exists almost on every machine).
 It can be workarounded with make defconfig ARCH=um, but it is non-obvious and
can be avoided, so please _do_ merge this patch.

Given the existence of options, it could be interesting to implement
(additionally) "option required" - with it, Kconfig will refuse reading a
.config file (from wherever it comes) if the given option is not set.  With
this, one could mark with it the option characteristic of the given
architecture (it was an old proposal of Roman Zippel, when I pointed out our
problem):

config UML
	option required
	default y

However this should be further discussed:
*) for x86, it must support constructs like:

==arch/i386/Kconfig==
config 64BIT
	option required
	default n
where Kconfig must require that CONFIG_64BIT is disabled or not present in the
read .config.

*) do we want to do such checks only for the starting defconfig or also for
   .config? Which leads to:
*) I may want to port a x86_64 .config to x86 and viceversa, or even among more
   different archs. Should that be allowed, and in which measure (the user may
   force skipping the check for a .config or it is only given a warning by
   default)?

Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: <kbuild-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      b2670eac
  27. 02 10月, 2006 2 次提交
  29. 01 10月, 2006 4 次提交
    • J
      [PATCH] csa: Extended system accounting over taskstats · 9acc1853
      由 Jay Lan 提交于 
      Add extended system accounting handling over taskstats interface.  A
CONFIG_TASK_XACCT flag is created to enable the extended accounting code.
Signed-off-by: NJay Lan <jlan@sgi.com>
Cc: Shailabh Nagar <nagar@watson.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Cc: Chris Sturtivant <csturtiv@sgi.com>
Cc: Tony Ernst <tee@sgi.com>
Cc: Guillaume Thouvenin <guillaume.thouvenin@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      9acc1853
    • R
      [PATCH] fix EMBEDDED + SYSCTL menu · 0847062a
      由 Randy Dunlap 提交于 
      SYSCTL should still depend on EMBEDDED.  This unbreaks the EMBEDDED menu
(from the recent SYSCTL_SYCALL menu option patch).

Fix typos in new SYSCTL_SYSCALL menu.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      0847062a
    • R
      [PATCH] allow /proc/config.gz to be built as a module · f2443ab6
      由 Ross Biro 提交于 
      The driver for /proc/config.gz consumes rather a lot of memory and it is in
fact possible to build it as a module.

In some ways this is a bit risky, because the .config which is used for
compiling kernel/configs.c isn't necessarily the same as the .config which was
used to build vmlinux.

But OTOH the potential memory savings are decent, and it'd be fairly dumb to
build your configs.o with a different .config.
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@google.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      f2443ab6
    • D
      [PATCH] BLOCK: Make it possible to disable the block layer [try #6] · 9361401e
      由 David Howells 提交于 
      Make it possible to disable the block layer.  Not all embedded devices require
it, some can make do with just JFFS2, NFS, ramfs, etc - none of which require
the block layer to be present.

This patch does the following:

 (*) Introduces CONFIG_BLOCK to disable the block layer, buffering and blockdev
     support.

 (*) Adds dependencies on CONFIG_BLOCK to any configuration item that controls
     an item that uses the block layer.  This includes:

     (*) Block I/O tracing.

     (*) Disk partition code.

     (*) All filesystems that are block based, eg: Ext3, ReiserFS, ISOFS.

     (*) The SCSI layer.  As far as I can tell, even SCSI chardevs use the
     	 block layer to do scheduling.  Some drivers that use SCSI facilities -
     	 such as USB storage - end up disabled indirectly from this.

     (*) Various block-based device drivers, such as IDE and the old CDROM
     	 drivers.

     (*) MTD blockdev handling and FTL.

     (*) JFFS - which uses set_bdev_super(), something it could avoid doing by
     	 taking a leaf out of JFFS2's book.

 (*) Makes most of the contents of linux/blkdev.h, linux/buffer_head.h and
     linux/elevator.h contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK being set.  sector_div() is,
     however, still used in places, and so is still available.

 (*) Also made contingent are the contents of linux/mpage.h, linux/genhd.h and
     parts of linux/fs.h.

 (*) Makes a number of files in fs/ contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK.

 (*) Makes mm/bounce.c (bounce buffering) contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK.

 (*) set_page_dirty() doesn't call __set_page_dirty_buffers() if CONFIG_BLOCK
     is not enabled.

 (*) fs/no-block.c is created to hold out-of-line stubs and things that are
     required when CONFIG_BLOCK is not set:

     (*) Default blockdev file operations (to give error ENODEV on opening).

 (*) Makes some /proc changes:

     (*) /proc/devices does not list any blockdevs.

     (*) /proc/diskstats and /proc/partitions are contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK.

 (*) Makes some compat ioctl handling contingent on CONFIG_BLOCK.

 (*) If CONFIG_BLOCK is not defined, makes sys_quotactl() return -ENODEV if
     given command other than Q_SYNC or if a special device is specified.

 (*) In init/do_mounts.c, no reference is made to the blockdev routines if
     CONFIG_BLOCK is not defined.  This does not prohibit NFS roots or JFFS2.

 (*) The bdflush, ioprio_set and ioprio_get syscalls can now be absent (return
     error ENOSYS by way of cond_syscall if so).

 (*) The seclvl_bd_claim() and seclvl_bd_release() security calls do nothing if
     CONFIG_BLOCK is not set, since they can't then happen.
Signed-Off-By: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
      9361401e
  31. 27 9月, 2006 1 次提交
  33. 17 9月, 2006 1 次提交
  35. 15 7月, 2006 3 次提交
  37. 01 7月, 2006 2 次提交
  39. 28 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  41. 27 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  43. 26 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  45. 20 6月, 2006 1 次提交
    • A
      [PATCH] audit: path-based rules · f368c07d
      由 Amy Griffis 提交于 
      In this implementation, audit registers inotify watches on the parent
directories of paths specified in audit rules.  When audit's inotify
event handler is called, it updates any affected rules based on the
filesystem event.  If the parent directory is renamed, removed, or its
filesystem is unmounted, audit removes all rules referencing that
inotify watch.

To keep things simple, this implementation limits location-based
auditing to the directory entries in an existing directory.  Given
a path-based rule for /foo/bar/passwd, the following table applies:

    passwd modified -- audit event logged
    passwd replaced -- audit event logged, rules list updated
    bar renamed     -- rule removed
    foo renamed     -- untracked, meaning that the rule now applies to
		       the new location

Audit users typically want to have many rules referencing filesystem
objects, which can significantly impact filtering performance.  This
patch also adds an inode-number-based rule hash to mitigate this
situation.

The patch is relative to the audit git tree:
http://kernel.org/git/?p=linux/kernel/git/viro/audit-current.git;a=summary
and uses the inotify kernel API:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2006/6/1/145Signed-off-by: NAmy Griffis <amy.griffis@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
      f368c07d
  47. 09 6月, 2006 1 次提交
  49. 09 5月, 2006 1 次提交
  51. 19 4月, 2006 1 次提交
  53. 11 4月, 2006 1 次提交