Trimming is completely transactionless, and the way it operates consists
of hiding free space entries from a block group, perform the trim/discard
and then make the free space entries visible again.
Therefore while a free space entry is being trimmed, we can have free space
cache writing running in parallel (as part of a transaction commit) which
will miss the free space entry. This means that an unmount (or crash/reboot)
after that transaction commit and mount again before another transaction
starts/commits after the discard finishes, we will have some free space
that won't be used again unless the free space cache is rebuilt. After the
unmount, fsck (btrfsck, btrfs check) reports the issue like the following
example:

        *** fsck.btrfs output ***
        checking extents
        checking free space cache
        There is no free space entry for 521764864-521781248
        There is no free space entry for 521764864-1103101952
        cache appears valid but isnt 29360128
        Checking filesystem on /dev/sdc
        UUID: b4789e27-4774-4626-98e9-ae8dfbfb0fb5
        found 1235681286 bytes used err is -22
        (...)

Another issue caused by this race is a crash while writing bitmap entries
to the cache, because while the cache writeout task accesses the bitmaps,
the trim task can be concurrently modifying the bitmap or worse might
be freeing the bitmap. The later case results in the following crash:

[55650.804460] general protection fault: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
[55650.804835] Modules linked in: btrfs dm_flakey dm_mod crc32c_generic xor raid6_pq nfsd auth_rpcgss oid_registry nfs_acl nfs lockd fscache sunrpc loop parport_pc parport i2c_piix4 psmouse evdev pcspkr microcode processor i2ccore serio_raw thermal_sys button ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache sg sd_mod crc_t10dif sr_mod cdrom crct10dif_generic crct10dif_common ata_generic virtio_scsi floppy ata_piix libata virtio_pci virtio_ring virtio scsi_mod e1000 [last unloaded: btrfs]
[55650.806169] CPU: 1 PID: 31002 Comm: btrfs-transacti Tainted: G        W      3.17.0-rc5-btrfs-next-1+ #1
[55650.806493] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.7.5-0-ge51488c-20140602_164612-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
[55650.806867] task: ffff8800b12f6410 ti: ffff880071538000 task.ti: ffff880071538000
[55650.807166] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa037cf45>]  [<ffffffffa037cf45>] write_bitmap_entries+0x65/0xbb [btrfs]
[55650.807514] RSP: 0018:ffff88007153bc30  EFLAGS: 00010246
[55650.807687] RAX: 000000005d1ec000 RBX: ffff8800a665df08 RCX: 0000000000000400
[55650.807885] RDX: ffff88005d1ec000 RSI: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b RDI: ffff88005d1ec000
[55650.808017] RBP: ffff88007153bc58 R08: 00000000ddd51536 R09: 00000000000001e0
[55650.808017] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000037 R12: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b
[55650.808017] R13: ffff88007153bca8 R14: 6b6b6b6b6b6b6b6b R15: ffff88007153bc98
[55650.808017] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88023ec80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[55650.808017] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[55650.808017] CR2: 0000000002273b88 CR3: 00000000b18f6000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[55650.808017] Stack:
[55650.808017]  ffff88020e834e00 ffff880172d68db0 0000000000000000 ffff88019257c800
[55650.808017]  ffff8801d42ea720 ffff88007153bd10 ffffffffa037d2fa ffff880224e99180
[55650.808017]  ffff8801469a6188 ffff880224e99140 ffff880172d68c50 00000003000000b7
[55650.808017] Call Trace:
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa037d2fa>] __btrfs_write_out_cache+0x1ea/0x37f [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa037d959>] btrfs_write_out_cache+0xa1/0xd8 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa033936b>] btrfs_write_dirty_block_groups+0x4b5/0x505 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa03aa98e>] commit_cowonly_roots+0x15e/0x1f7 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffff813eb9c7>] ? _raw_spin_lock+0xe/0x10
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa0346e46>] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x411/0x882 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa03432a4>] transaction_kthread+0xf2/0x1a4 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffffa03431b2>] ? btrfs_cleanup_transaction+0x3d8/0x3d8 [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffff8105966b>] kthread+0xb7/0xbf
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffff813ebeac>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
[55650.808017]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67
[55650.808017] Code: 4c 89 ef 8d 70 ff e8 d4 fc ff ff 41 8b 45 34 41 39 45 30 7d 5c 31 f6 4c 89 ef e8 80 f6 ff ff 49 8b 7d 00 4c 89 f6 b9 00 04 00 00 <f3> a5 4c 89 ef 41 8b 45 30 8d 70 ff e8 a3 fc ff ff 41 8b 45 34
[55650.808017] RIP  [<ffffffffa037cf45>] write_bitmap_entries+0x65/0xbb [btrfs]
[55650.808017]  RSP <ffff88007153bc30>
[55650.815725] ---[ end trace 1c032e96b149ff86 ]---

Fix this by serializing both tasks in such a way that cache writeout
doesn't wait for the trim/discard of free space entries to finish and
doesn't miss any free space entry.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Our fs trim operation, which is completely transactionless (doesn't start
or joins an existing transaction) consists of visiting all block groups
and then for each one to iterate its free space entries and perform a
discard operation against the space range represented by the free space
entries. However before performing a discard, the corresponding free space
entry is removed from the free space rbtree, and when the discard completes
it is added back to the free space rbtree.

If a block group remove operation happens while the discard is ongoing (or
before it starts and after a free space entry is hidden), we end up not
waiting for the discard to complete, remove the extent map that maps
logical address to physical addresses and the corresponding chunk metadata
from the the chunk and device trees. After that and before the discard
completes, the current running transaction can finish and a new one start,
allowing for new block groups that map to the same physical addresses to
be allocated and written to.

So fix this by keeping the extent map in memory until the discard completes
so that the same physical addresses aren't reused before it completes.

If the physical locations that are under a discard operation end up being
used for a new metadata block group for example, and dirty metadata extents
are written before the discard finishes (the VM might call writepages() of
our btree inode's i_mapping for example, or an fsync log commit happens) we
end up overwriting metadata with zeroes, which leads to errors from fsck
like the following:

        checking extents
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        read block failed check_tree_block
        owner ref check failed [833912832 16384]
        Errors found in extent allocation tree or chunk allocation
        checking free space cache
        checking fs roots
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        Check tree block failed, want=833912832, have=0
        read block failed check_tree_block
        root 5 root dir 256 error
        root 5 inode 260 errors 2001, no inode item, link count wrong
                unresolved ref dir 256 index 0 namelen 8 name foobar_3 filetype 1 errors 6, no dir index, no inode ref
        root 5 inode 262 errors 2001, no inode item, link count wrong
                unresolved ref dir 256 index 0 namelen 8 name foobar_5 filetype 1 errors 6, no dir index, no inode ref
        root 5 inode 263 errors 2001, no inode item, link count wrong
        (...)
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

There's a race between adding a block group to the list of the unused
block groups and removing an unused block group (cleaner kthread) that
leads to freeing extents that are in use or a crash during transaction
commmit. Basically the cleaner kthread, when executing
btrfs_delete_unused_bgs(), might catch the newly added block group to
the list fs_info->unused_bgs and clear the range representing the whole
group from fs_info->freed_extents[] before the task that added the block
group to the list (running update_block_group()) marked the last freed
extent as dirty in fs_info->freed_extents (pinned_extents).

That is:

     CPU 1                                CPU 2

                                  btrfs_delete_unused_bgs()
update_block_group()
   add block group to
   fs_info->unused_bgs
                                    got block group from the list
                                    clear_extent_bits for the whole
                                    block group range in freed_extents[]
   set_extent_dirty for the
   range covering the freed
   extent in freed_extents[]
   (fs_info->pinned_extents)

                                  block group deleted, and a new block
                                  group with the same logical address is
                                  created

                                  reserve space from the new block group
                                  for new data or metadata - the reserved
                                  space overlaps the range specified by
                                  CPU 1 for set_extent_dirty()

                                  commit transaction
                                    find all ranges marked as dirty in
                                    fs_info->pinned_extents, clear them
                                    and add them to the free space cache

Alternatively, if CPU 2 doesn't create a new block group with the same
logical address, we get a crash/BUG_ON at transaction commit when unpining
extent ranges because we can't find a block group for the range marked as
dirty by CPU 1. Sample trace:

[ 2163.426462] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
[ 2163.426640] Modules linked in: btrfs xor raid6_pq dm_thin_pool dm_persistent_data dm_bio_prison dm_bufio crc32c_generic libcrc32c dm_mod nfsd auth_rpc
gss oid_registry nfs_acl nfs lockd fscache sunrpc loop psmouse parport_pc parport i2c_piix4 processor thermal_sys i2ccore evdev button pcspkr microcode serio_raw ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache
 sg sr_mod cdrom sd_mod crc_t10dif crct10dif_generic crct10dif_common ata_generic virtio_scsi floppy ata_piix libata e1000 scsi_mod virtio_pci virtio_ring virtio
[ 2163.428209] CPU: 0 PID: 11858 Comm: btrfs-transacti Tainted: G        W      3.17.0-rc5-btrfs-next-1+ #1
[ 2163.428519] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.7.5-0-ge51488c-20140602_164612-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
[ 2163.428875] task: ffff88009f2c0650 ti: ffff8801356bc000 task.ti: ffff8801356bc000
[ 2163.429157] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa037728e>]  [<ffffffffa037728e>] unpin_extent_range.isra.58+0x62/0x192 [btrfs]
[ 2163.429562] RSP: 0018:ffff8801356bfda8  EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 2163.429802] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 2163.429990] RDX: 0000000041bfffff RSI: 0000000001c00000 RDI: ffff880024307080
[ 2163.430042] RBP: ffff8801356bfde8 R08: 0000000000000068 R09: ffff88003734f118
[ 2163.430042] R10: ffff8801356bfcb8 R11: fffffffffffffb69 R12: ffff8800243070d0
[ 2163.430042] R13: 0000000083c04000 R14: ffff8800751b0f00 R15: ffff880024307000
[ 2163.430042] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88013f400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 2163.430042] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 2163.430042] CR2: 00007ff10eb43fc0 CR3: 0000000004cb8000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
[ 2163.430042] Stack:
[ 2163.430042]  ffff8800243070d0 0000000083c08000 0000000083c07fff ffff88012d6bc800
[ 2163.430042]  ffff8800243070d0 ffff8800751b0f18 ffff8800751b0f00 0000000000000000
[ 2163.430042]  ffff8801356bfe18 ffffffffa037a481 0000000083c04000 0000000083c07fff
[ 2163.430042] Call Trace:
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffffa037a481>] btrfs_finish_extent_commit+0xac/0xbf [btrfs]
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffffa038c06d>] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x6ee/0x882 [btrfs]
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffffa03881f1>] transaction_kthread+0xf2/0x1a4 [btrfs]
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffffa03880ff>] ? btrfs_cleanup_transaction+0x3d8/0x3d8 [btrfs]
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffff8105966b>] kthread+0xb7/0xbf
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffff813ebeac>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
[ 2163.430042]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67

So fix this by making update_block_group() first set the range as dirty
in pinned_extents before adding the block group to the unused_bgs list.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If we remove a block group (because it became empty), we might have left
a caching_ctl structure in fs_info->caching_block_groups that points to
the block group and is accessed at transaction commit time. This results
in accessing an invalid or incorrect block group. This issue became visible
after Josef's patch "Btrfs: remove empty block groups automatically".

So if the block group is removed make sure we don't leave a dangling
caching_ctl in caching_block_groups.

Sample crash trace:

[58380.439449] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff8801446eaeb8
[58380.439707] IP: [<ffffffffa03f6d05>] block_group_cache_done.isra.21+0xc/0x1c [btrfs]
[58380.440879] PGD 1acb067 PUD 23f5ff067 PMD 23f5db067 PTE 80000001446ea060
[58380.441220] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
[58380.441486] Modules linked in: btrfs crc32c_generic xor raid6_pq nfsd auth_rpcgss oid_registry nfs_acl nfs lockd fscache sunrpc loop psmouse processor i2c_piix4 parport_pc parport pcspkr serio_raw evdev i2ccore thermal_sys microcode button ext4 crc16 jbd2 mbcache sr_mod cdrom ata_generic sg sd_mod crc_t10dif crct10dif_generic crct10dif_common virtio_scsi floppy ata_piix e1000 libata virtio_pci scsi_mod virtio_ring virtio [last unloaded: btrfs]
[58380.443238] CPU: 3 PID: 25728 Comm: btrfs-transacti Tainted: G        W      3.17.0-rc5-btrfs-next-1+ #1
[58380.443238] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.7.5-0-ge51488c-20140602_164612-nilsson.home.kraxel.org 04/01/2014
[58380.443238] task: ffff88013ac82090 ti: ffff88013896c000 task.ti: ffff88013896c000
[58380.443238] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffffa03f6d05>]  [<ffffffffa03f6d05>] block_group_cache_done.isra.21+0xc/0x1c [btrfs]
[58380.443238] RSP: 0018:ffff88013896fdd8  EFLAGS: 00010283
[58380.443238] RAX: ffff880222cae850 RBX: ffff880119ba74c0 RCX: 0000000000000000
[58380.443238] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff880185e16800 RDI: ffff8801446eaeb8
[58380.443238] RBP: ffff88013896fdd8 R08: ffff8801a9ca9fa8 R09: ffff88013896fc60
[58380.443238] R10: ffff88013896fd28 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff880222cae000
[58380.443238] R13: ffff880222cae850 R14: ffff880222cae6b0 R15: ffff8801446eae00
[58380.443238] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88023ed80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[58380.443238] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[58380.443238] CR2: ffff8801446eaeb8 CR3: 0000000001811000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
[58380.443238] Stack:
[58380.443238]  ffff88013896fe18 ffffffffa03fe2d5 ffff880222cae850 ffff880185e16800
[58380.443238]  ffff88000dc41c20 0000000000000000 ffff8801a9ca9f00 0000000000000000
[58380.443238]  ffff88013896fe80 ffffffffa040fbcf ffff88018b0dcdb0 ffff88013ac82090
[58380.443238] Call Trace:
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffffa03fe2d5>] btrfs_prepare_extent_commit+0x5a/0xd7 [btrfs]
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffffa040fbcf>] btrfs_commit_transaction+0x45c/0x882 [btrfs]
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffffa040c058>] transaction_kthread+0xf2/0x1a4 [btrfs]
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffffa040bf66>] ? btrfs_cleanup_transaction+0x3d8/0x3d8 [btrfs]
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffff8105966b>] kthread+0xb7/0xbf
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffff813ebeac>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
[58380.443238]  [<ffffffff810595b4>] ? __kthread_parkme+0x67/0x67
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If we grab a block group, for example in btrfs_trim_fs(), we will be holding
a reference on it but the block group can be removed after we got it (via
btrfs_remove_block_group), which means it will no longer be part of the
rbtree.

However, btrfs_remove_block_group() was only calling rb_erase() which leaves
the block group's rb_node left and right child pointers with the same content
they had before calling rb_erase. This was dangerous because a call to
next_block_group() would access the node's left and right child pointers (via
rb_next), which can be no longer valid.

Fix this by clearing a block group's node after removing it from the tree,
and have next_block_group() do a tree search to get the next block group
instead of using rb_next() if our block group was removed.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If right after starting the snapshot creation ioctl we perform a write against a
file followed by a truncate, with both operations increasing the file's size, we
can get a snapshot tree that reflects a state of the source subvolume's tree where
the file truncation happened but the write operation didn't. This leaves a gap
between 2 file extent items of the inode, which makes btrfs' fsck complain about it.

For example, if we perform the following file operations:

    $ mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/vdd
    $ mount /dev/vdd /mnt
    $ xfs_io -f \
          -c "pwrite -S 0xaa -b 32K 0 32K" \
          -c "fsync" \
          -c "pwrite -S 0xbb -b 32770 16K 32770" \
          -c "truncate 90123" \
          /mnt/foobar

and the snapshot creation ioctl was just called before the second write, we often
can get the following inode items in the snapshot's btree:

        item 120 key (257 INODE_ITEM 0) itemoff 7987 itemsize 160
                inode generation 146 transid 7 size 90123 block group 0 mode 100600 links 1 uid 0 gid 0 rdev 0 flags 0x0
        item 121 key (257 INODE_REF 256) itemoff 7967 itemsize 20
                inode ref index 282 namelen 10 name: foobar
        item 122 key (257 EXTENT_DATA 0) itemoff 7914 itemsize 53
                extent data disk byte 1104855040 nr 32768
                extent data offset 0 nr 32768 ram 32768
                extent compression 0
        item 123 key (257 EXTENT_DATA 53248) itemoff 7861 itemsize 53
                extent data disk byte 0 nr 0
                extent data offset 0 nr 40960 ram 40960
                extent compression 0

There's a file range, corresponding to the interval [32K; ALIGN(16K + 32770, 4096)[
for which there's no file extent item covering it. This is because the file write
and file truncate operations happened both right after the snapshot creation ioctl
called btrfs_start_delalloc_inodes(), which means we didn't start and wait for the
ordered extent that matches the write and, in btrfs_setsize(), we were able to call
btrfs_cont_expand() before being able to commit the current transaction in the
snapshot creation ioctl. So this made it possibe to insert the hole file extent
item in the source subvolume (which represents the region added by the truncate)
right before the transaction commit from the snapshot creation ioctl.

Btrfs' fsck tool complains about such cases with a message like the following:

    "root 331 inode 257 errors 100, file extent discount"

>From a user perspective, the expectation when a snapshot is created while those
file operations are being performed is that the snapshot will have a file that
either:

1) is empty
2) only the first write was captured
3) only the 2 writes were captured
4) both writes and the truncation were captured

But never capture a state where only the first write and the truncation were
captured (since the second write was performed before the truncation).

A test case for xfstests follows.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Move the logic from the snapshot creation ioctl into send. This avoids
doing the transaction commit if send isn't used, and ensures that if
a crash/reboot happens after the transaction commit that created the
snapshot and before the transaction commit that switched the commit
root, send will not get a commit root that differs from the main root
(that has orphan items).
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Due to ignoring errors returned by clear_extent_bits (at the moment only
-ENOMEM is possible), we can end up freeing an extent that is actually in
use (i.e. return the extent to the free space cache).

The sequence of steps that lead to this:

1) Cleaner thread starts execution and calls btrfs_delete_unused_bgs(), with
   the goal of freeing empty block groups;

2) btrfs_delete_unused_bgs() finds an empty block group, joins the current
   transaction (or starts a new one if none is running) and attempts to
   clear the EXTENT_DIRTY bit for the block group's range from freed_extents[0]
   and freed_extents[1] (of which one corresponds to fs_info->pinned_extents);

3) Clearing the EXTENT_DIRTY bit (via clear_extent_bits()) fails with
   -ENOMEM, but such error is ignored and btrfs_delete_unused_bgs() proceeds
   to delete the block group and the respective chunk, while pinned_extents
   remains with that bit set for the whole (or a part of the) range covered
   by the block group;

4) Later while the transaction is still running, the chunk ends up being reused
   for a new block group (maybe for different purpose, data or metadata), and
   extents belonging to the new block group are allocated for file data or btree
   nodes/leafs;

5) The current transaction is committed, meaning that we unpinned one or more
   extents from the new block group (through btrfs_finish_extent_commit() and
   unpin_extent_range()) which are now being used for new file data or new
   metadata (through btrfs_finish_extent_commit() and unpin_extent_range()).
   And unpinning means we returned the extents to the free space cache of the
   new block group, which implies those extents can be used for future allocations
   while they're still in use.

Alternatively, we can hit a BUG_ON() when doing a lookup for a block group's cache
object in unpin_extent_range() if a new block group didn't end up being allocated for
the same chunk (step 4 above).

Fix this by not freeing the block group and chunk if we fail to clear the dirty bit.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Fengguang's build monster reported warnings on some arches because we
don't have vmalloc.h included
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Reported-by: fengguang.wu@intel.com

The following lockdep warning is triggered during xfstests:

[ 1702.980872] =========================================================
[ 1702.981181] [ INFO: possible irq lock inversion dependency detected ]
[ 1702.981482] 3.18.0-rc1 #27 Not tainted
[ 1702.981781] ---------------------------------------------------------
[ 1702.982095] kswapd0/77 just changed the state of lock:
[ 1702.982415]  (&delayed_node->mutex){+.+.-.}, at: [<ffffffffa03b0b51>] __btrfs_release_delayed_node+0x41/0x1f0 [btrfs]
[ 1702.982794] but this lock took another, RECLAIM_FS-unsafe lock in the past:
[ 1702.983160]  (&fs_info->dev_replace.lock){+.+.+.}

and interrupts could create inverse lock ordering between them.

[ 1702.984675]
other info that might help us debug this:
[ 1702.985524] Chain exists of:
  &delayed_node->mutex --> &found->groups_sem --> &fs_info->dev_replace.lock

[ 1702.986799]  Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:

[ 1702.987681]        CPU0                    CPU1
[ 1702.988137]        ----                    ----
[ 1702.988598]   lock(&fs_info->dev_replace.lock);
[ 1702.989069]                                local_irq_disable();
[ 1702.989534]                                lock(&delayed_node->mutex);
[ 1702.990038]                                lock(&found->groups_sem);
[ 1702.990494]   <Interrupt>
[ 1702.990938]     lock(&delayed_node->mutex);
[ 1702.991407]
 *** DEADLOCK ***

It is because the btrfs_kobj_{add/rm}_device() will call memory
allocation with GFP_KERNEL,
which may flush fs page cache to free space, waiting for it self to do
the commit, causing the deadlock.

To solve the problem, move btrfs_kobj_{add/rm}_device() out of the
dev_replace lock range, also involing split the
btrfs_rm_dev_replace_srcdev() function into remove and free parts.

Now only btrfs_rm_dev_replace_remove_srcdev() is called in dev_replace
lock range, and kobj_{add/rm} and btrfs_rm_dev_replace_free_srcdev() are
called out of the lock range.
Signed-off-by: NQu Wenruo <quwenruo@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Merge branch 'dev/pending-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux into for-linus

When doing a fsync with a fast path we have a time window where we can miss
the fact that writeback of some file data failed, and therefore we endup
returning success (0) from fsync when we should return an error.
The steps that lead to this are the following:

1) We start all ordered extents by calling filemap_fdatawrite_range();

2) We do some other work like locking the inode's i_mutex, start a transaction,
   start a log transaction, etc;

3) We enter btrfs_log_inode(), acquire the inode's log_mutex and collect all the
   ordered extents from inode's ordered tree into a list;

4) But by the time we do ordered extent collection, some ordered extents we started
   at step 1) might have already completed with an error, and therefore we didn't
   found them in the ordered tree and had no idea they finished with an error. This
   makes our fsync return success (0) to userspace, but has no bad effects on the log
   like for example insertion of file extent items into the log that point to unwritten
   extents, because the invalid extent maps were removed before the ordered extent
   completed (in inode.c:btrfs_finish_ordered_io).

So after collecting the ordered extents just check if the inode's i_mapping has any
error flags set (AS_EIO or AS_ENOSPC) and leave with an error if it does. Whenever
writeback fails for a page of an ordered extent, we call mapping_set_error (done in
extent_io.c:end_extent_writepage, called by extent_io.c:end_bio_extent_writepage)
that sets one of those error flags in the inode's i_mapping flags.

This change also has the side effect of fixing the issue where for fast fsyncs we
never checked/cleared the error flags from the inode's i_mapping flags, which means
that a full fsync performed after a fast fsync could get such errors that belonged
to the fast fsync - because the full fsync calls btrfs_wait_ordered_range() which
calls filemap_fdatawait_range(), and the later checks for and clears those flags,
while for fast fsyncs we never call filemap_fdatawait_range() or anything else
that checks for and clears the error flags from the inode's i_mapping.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Instead of collecting all ordered extents from the inode's ordered tree
and then wait for all of them to complete, just collect the ones that
overlap the fsync range.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If an error happens during writeback of log btree extents, make sure the
error is returned to the caller (fsync), so that it takes proper action
(commit current transaction) instead of writing a superblock that points
to log btrees with all or some nodes that weren't durably persisted.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

We use the modified list to keep track of which extents have been modified so we
know which ones are candidates for logging at fsync() time.  Newly modified
extents are added to the list at modification time, around the same time the
ordered extent is created.  We do this so that we don't have to wait for ordered
extents to complete before we know what we need to log.  The problem is when
something like this happens

log extent 0-4k on inode 1
copy csum for 0-4k from ordered extent into log
sync log
commit transaction
log some other extent on inode 1
ordered extent for 0-4k completes and adds itself onto modified list again
log changed extents
see ordered extent for 0-4k has already been logged
	at this point we assume the csum has been copied
sync log
crash

On replay we will see the extent 0-4k in the log, drop the original 0-4k extent
which is the same one that we are replaying which also drops the csum, and then
we won't find the csum in the log for that bytenr.  This of course causes us to
have errors about not having csums for certain ranges of our inode.  So remove
the modified list manipulation in unpin_extent_cache, any modified extents
should have been added well before now, and we don't want them re-logged.  This
fixes my test that I could reliably reproduce this problem with.  Thanks,

cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Liu Bo pointed out that my previous fix would lose the generation update in the
scenario I described.  It is actually much worse than that, we could lose the
entire extent if we lose power right after the transaction commits.  Consider
the following

write extent 0-4k
log extent in log tree
commit transaction
	< power fail happens here
ordered extent completes

We would lose the 0-4k extent because it hasn't updated the actual fs tree, and
the transaction commit will reset the log so it isn't replayed.  If we lose
power before the transaction commit we are save, otherwise we are not.

Fix this by keeping track of all extents we logged in this transaction.  Then
when we go to commit the transaction make sure we wait for all of those ordered
extents to complete before proceeding.  This will make sure that if we lose
power after the transaction commit we still have our data.  This also fixes the
problem of the improperly updated extent generation.  Thanks,

cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If we have two fsync()'s race on different subvols one will do all of its work
to get into the log_tree, wait on it's outstanding IO, and then allow the
log_tree to finish it's commit.  The problem is we were just free'ing that
subvols logged extents instead of waiting on them, so whoever lost the race
wouldn't really have their data on disk.  Fix this by waiting properly instead
of freeing the logged extents.  Thanks,

cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

The sizes that are obtained from space infos are in raw units and have
to be adjusted according to the raid factor. This was missing for
f_bavail and df reported doubled size for raid1.
Reported-by: NMartin Steigerwald <Martin@lichtvoll.de>
Fixes: ba7b6e62 ("btrfs: adjust statfs calculations according to raid profiles")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NDavid Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

This can be reproduced by fstests: btrfs/070

The scenario is like the following:

replace worker thread		defrag thread
---------------------		-------------
copy_nocow_pages_worker		btrfs_defrag_file
  copy_nocow_pages_for_inode	    ...
				  btrfs_writepages
  |A| lock_extent_bits		    extent_write_cache_pages
				|B|   lock_page
					__extent_writepage
		...			  writepage_delalloc
					    find_lock_delalloc_range
				|B| 	      lock_extent_bits
  find_or_create_page
    pagecache_get_page
  |A| lock_page

This leads to an ABBA pattern deadlock. To fix it,
o we just change it to an AABB pattern which means to @unlock_extent_bits()
  before we @lock_page(), and in this way the @extent_read_full_page_nolock()
  is no longer in an locked context, so change it back to @extent_read_full_page()
  to regain protection.

o Since we @unlock_extent_bits() earlier, then before @write_page_nocow(),
  the extent may not really point at the physical block we want, so we
  have to check it before write.
Signed-off-by: NGui Hecheng <guihc.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: NDavid Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Replacing a xattr consists of doing a lookup for its existing value, delete
the current value from the respective leaf, release the search path and then
finally insert the new value. This leaves a time window where readers (getxattr,
listxattrs) won't see any value for the xattr. Xattrs are used to store ACLs,
so this has security implications.

This change also fixes 2 other existing issues which were:

*) Deleting the old xattr value without verifying first if the new xattr will
   fit in the existing leaf item (in case multiple xattrs are packed in the
   same item due to name hash collision);

*) Returning -EEXIST when the flag XATTR_CREATE is given and the xattr doesn't
   exist but we have have an existing item that packs muliple xattrs with
   the same name hash as the input xattr. In this case we should return ENOSPC.

A test case for xfstests follows soon.

Thanks to Alexandre Oliva for reporting the non-atomicity of the xattr replace
implementation.
Reported-by: NAlexandre Oliva <oliva@gnu.org>
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

We try to allocate an extent state structure before acquiring the extent
state tree's spinlock as we might need a new one later and therefore avoid
doing later an atomic allocation while holding the tree's spinlock. However
we returned -ENOMEM if that initial non-atomic allocation failed, which is
a bit excessive since we might end up not needing the pre-allocated extent
state at all - for the case where the tree doesn't have any extent states
that cover the input range and cover too any other range. Therefore don't
return -ENOMEM if that pre-allocation fails.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Our gluster boxes get several thousand statfs() calls per second, which begins
to suck hardcore with all of the lock contention on the chunk mutex and dev list
mutex.  We don't really need to hold these things, if we have transient
weirdness with statfs() because of the chunk allocator we don't care, so remove
this locking.

We still need the dev_list lock if you mount with -o alloc_start however, which
is a good argument for nuking that thing from orbit, but that's a patch for
another day.  Thanks,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Our gluster boxes were spending lots of time in statfs because our fs'es are
huge.  The problem is statfs loops through all of the block groups looking for
read only block groups, and when you have several terabytes worth of data that
ends up being a lot of block groups.  Move the read only block groups onto a
read only list and only proces that list in
btrfs_account_ro_block_groups_free_space to reduce the amount of churn.  Thanks,
Signed-off-by: NJosef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: NLiu Bo <bo.li.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Copy&paste errors in some messages and add few more missing macro
accessors.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Sterba <dsterba@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

The xfstest btrfs/014 which tests the balance operation caused that the
check_int module complained that known blocks changed their physical
location. Since this is not an error in this case, only print such
message if the verbose mode was enabled.
Reported-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NStefan Behrens <sbehrens@giantdisaster.de>
Tested-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

The xfstest btrfs/014 which tests the balance operation caused issues with
the check_int module. The attempt was made to use btrfs_map_block() to
find the physical location for a written block. However, this was not
at all needed since the location of the written block was known since
a hook to submit_bio() was the reason for entering the check_int module.
Additionally, after a block relocation it happened that btrfs_map_block()
failed causing misleading error messages afterwards.

This patch changes the check_int module to use the known information of
the physical location from the bio.
Reported-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NStefan Behrens <sbehrens@giantdisaster.de>
Tested-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

We try to allocate an extent state before acquiring the tree's spinlock
just in case we end up needing to split an existing extent state into two.
If that allocation failed, we would return -ENOMEM.
However, our only single caller (transaction/log commit code), passes in
an extent state that was cached from a call to find_first_extent_bit() and
that has a very high chance to match exactly the input range (always true
for a transaction commit and very often, but not always, true for a log
commit) - in this case we end up not needing at all that initial extent
state used for an eventual split. Therefore just don't return -ENOMEM if
we can't allocate the temporary extent state, since we might not need it
at all, and if we end up needing one, we'll do it later anyway.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Right now the only caller of find_first_extent_bit() that is interested
in caching extent states (transaction or log commit), never gets an extent
state cached. This is because find_first_extent_bit() only caches states
that have at least one of the flags EXTENT_IOBITS or EXTENT_BOUNDARY, and
the transaction/log commit caller always passes a tree that doesn't have
ever extent states with any of those flags (they can only have one of the
following flags: EXTENT_DIRTY, EXTENT_NEW or EXTENT_NEED_WAIT).

This change together with the following one in the patch series (titled
"Btrfs: avoid returning -ENOMEM in convert_extent_bit() too early") will
help reduce significantly the chances of calls to convert_extent_bit()
fail with -ENOMEM when called from the transaction/log commit code.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

When committing a transaction or a log, we look for btree extents that
need to be durably persisted by searching for ranges in a io tree that
have some bits set (EXTENT_DIRTY or EXTENT_NEW). We then attempt to clear
those bits and set the EXTENT_NEED_WAIT bit, with calls to the function
convert_extent_bit, and then start writeback for the extents.

That function however can return an error (at the moment only -ENOMEM
is possible, specially when it does GFP_ATOMIC allocation requests
through alloc_extent_state_atomic) - that means the ranges didn't got
the EXTENT_NEED_WAIT bit set (or at least not for the whole range),
which in turn means a call to btrfs_wait_marked_extents() won't find
those ranges for which we started writeback, causing a transaction
commit or a log commit to persist a new superblock without waiting
for the writeback of extents in that range to finish first.

Therefore if a crash happens after persisting the new superblock and
before writeback finishes, we have a superblock pointing to roots that
weren't fully persisted or roots that point to nodes or leafs that weren't
fully persisted, causing all sorts of unexpected/bad behaviour as we endup
reading garbage from disk or the content of some node/leaf from a past
generation that got cowed or deleted and is no longer valid (for this later
case we end up getting error messages like "parent transid verify failed on
X wanted Y found Z" when reading btree nodes/leafs from disk).
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

device replace could fail due to another running scrub process or any
other errors btrfs_scrub_dev() may hit, but this failure doesn't get
returned to userspace.

The following steps could reproduce this issue

	mkfs -t btrfs -f /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
	mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/btrfs
	while true; do btrfs scrub start -B /mnt/btrfs >/dev/null 2>&1; done &
	btrfs replace start -Bf /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /mnt/btrfs
	# if this replace succeeded, do the following and repeat until
	# you see this log in dmesg
	# BTRFS: btrfs_scrub_dev(/dev/sdb2, 2, /dev/sdb3) failed -115
	#btrfs replace start -Bf /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/btrfs

	# once you see the error log in dmesg, check return value of
	# replace
	echo $?

Introduce a new dev replace result

BTRFS_IOCTL_DEV_REPLACE_RESULT_SCRUB_INPROGRESS

to catch -EINPROGRESS explicitly and return other errors directly to
userspace.
Signed-off-by: NEryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

size of @btrfsic_state needs more than 2M, it is very likely to
fail allocating memory using kzalloc(). see following mesage:

[91428.902148] Call Trace:
[<ffffffff816f6e0f>] dump_stack+0x4d/0x66
[<ffffffff811b1c7f>] warn_alloc_failed+0xff/0x170
[<ffffffff811b66e1>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x951/0xc30
[<ffffffff811fd9da>] alloc_pages_current+0x11a/0x1f0
[<ffffffff811b1e0b>] ? alloc_kmem_pages+0x3b/0xf0
[<ffffffff811b1e0b>] alloc_kmem_pages+0x3b/0xf0
[<ffffffff811d1018>] kmalloc_order+0x18/0x50
[<ffffffff811d1074>] kmalloc_order_trace+0x24/0x140
[<ffffffffa06c097b>] btrfsic_mount+0x8b/0xae0 [btrfs]
[<ffffffff810af555>] ? check_preempt_curr+0x85/0xa0
[<ffffffff810b2de3>] ? try_to_wake_up+0x103/0x430
[<ffffffffa063d200>] open_ctree+0x1bd0/0x2130 [btrfs]
[<ffffffffa060fdde>] btrfs_mount+0x62e/0x8b0 [btrfs]
[<ffffffff811fd9da>] ? alloc_pages_current+0x11a/0x1f0
[<ffffffff811b0a5e>] ? __get_free_pages+0xe/0x50
[<ffffffff81230429>] mount_fs+0x39/0x1b0
[<ffffffff812509fb>] vfs_kern_mount+0x6b/0x150
[<ffffffff812537fb>] do_mount+0x27b/0xc30
[<ffffffff811b0a5e>] ? __get_free_pages+0xe/0x50
[<ffffffff812544f6>] SyS_mount+0x96/0xf0
[<ffffffff81701970>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b

Since we are allocating memory for hash table array, so
it will be good if we could allocate continuous pages here.

Fix this problem by firstly trying kzalloc(), if we fail,
use vzalloc() instead.
Signed-off-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If cow_file_range_inline() failed, when called from compress_file_range(),
we were tagging the locked page for writeback, end its writeback and unlock it,
but not marking it with an error nor setting AS_EIO in inode's mapping flags.

This made it impossible for a caller of filemap_fdatawrite_range (writepages)
or filemap_fdatawait_range() to know that an error happened. And the return
value of compress_file_range() is useless because it's returned to a workqueue
task and not to the task calling filemap_fdatawrite_range (writepages).

This change applies on top of the previous patchset starting at the patch
titled:

    "[1/5] Btrfs: set page and mapping error on compressed write failure"

Which changed extent_clear_unlock_delalloc() to use SetPageError and
mapping_set_error().
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

To avoid duplicating this double filemap_fdatawrite_range() call for
inodes with async extents (compressed writes) so often.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

For compressed writes, after doing the first filemap_fdatawrite_range() we
don't get the pages tagged for writeback immediately. Instead we create
a workqueue task, which is run by other kthread, and keep the pages locked.
That other kthread compresses data, creates the respective ordered extent/s,
tags the pages for writeback and unlocks them. Therefore we need a second
call to filemap_fdatawrite_range() if we have compressed writes, as this
second call will wait for the pages to become unlocked, then see they became
tagged for writeback and finally wait for the writeback to finish.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Its return value is useless, its single caller ignores it and can't do
anything with it anyway, since it's a workqueue task and not the task
calling filemap_fdatawrite_range (writepages) nor filemap_fdatawait_range().
Failure is communicated to such functions via start and end of writeback
with the respective pages tagged with an error and AS_EIO flag set in the
inode's imapping.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Steps to reproduce:
 # mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/sdb
 # mount -t btrfs /dev/sdb /mnt -o compress=lzo
 # dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data bs=$((33*4096)) count=1

after previous steps, inode will be detected as bad compression ratio,
and NOCOMPRESS flag will be set for that inode.

Reason is that compress have a max limit pages every time(128K), if a
132k write in, it will be splitted into two write(128k+4k), this bug
is a leftover for commit 68bb462d(Btrfs: don't compress for a small write)

Fix this problem by checking every time before compression, if it is a
small write(<=blocksize), we bail out and fall into nocompression directly.
Signed-off-by: NWang Shilong <wangshilong1991@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NMiao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Our compressed bio write end callback was essentially ignoring the error
parameter. When a write error happens, it must pass a value of 0 to the
inode's write_page_end_io_hook callback, SetPageError on the respective
pages and set AS_EIO in the inode's mapping flags, so that a call to
filemap_fdatawait_range() / filemap_fdatawait() can find out that errors
happened (we surely don't want silent failures on fsync for example).
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

Its return value is completely ignored by its single caller and it's
useless anyway, since errors are indicated through SetPageError and
the bit AS_EIO set in the flags of the inode's mapping. The caller
can't do anything with the value, as it's invoked from a workqueue
task and not by the task calling filemap_fdatawrite_range (which calls
the writepages address space callback, which in turn calls the inode's
fill_delalloc callback).
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If we had an error when processing one of the async extents from our list,
we were not processing the remaining async extents, meaning we would leak
those async_extent structs, never release the pages with the compressed
data and never unlock and clear the dirty flag from the inode's pages (those
that correspond to the uncompressed content).
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>

In inode.c:submit_compressed_extents(), if we fail before calling
btrfs_submit_compressed_write(), or when that function fails, we
were freeing the async_extent structure without releasing its pages
and freeing the pages array.
Signed-off-by: NFilipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Mason <clm@fb.com>