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  1. 11 4月, 2018 3 次提交
  3. 08 2月, 2018 1 次提交
    • A
      vsprintf: avoid misleading "(null)" for %px · 3a129cc2
      由 Adam Borowski 提交于 
      Like %pK already does, print "00000000" instead.

This confused people -- the convention is that "(null)" means you tried to
dereference a null pointer as opposed to printing the address.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180204174521.21383-1-kilobyte@angband.pl
To: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
To: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Roberts, William C" <william.c.roberts@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: NAdam Borowski <kilobyte@angband.pl>
Signed-off-by: NPetr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
      3a129cc2
  5. 24 1月, 2018 1 次提交
    • S
      vsprintf: Do not have bprintf dereference pointers · 841a915d
      由 Steven Rostedt (VMware) 提交于 
      When trace_printk() was introduced, it was discussed that making it be as
low overhead as possible, that the processing of the format string should be
delayed until it is read. That is, a "trace_printk()" should not convert
the %d into numbers and so on, but instead, save the fmt string and all the
args in the buffer at the time of recording. When the trace_printk() data is
read, it would then parse the format string and do the conversions of the
saved arguments in the tracing buffer.

The code to perform this was added to vsprintf where vbin_printf() would
save the arguments of a specified format string in a buffer, then
bstr_printf() could be used to convert the buffer with the same format
string into the final output, as if vsprintf() was called in one go.

The issue arises when dereferenced pointers are used. The problem is that
something like %*pbl which reads a bitmask, will save the pointer to the
bitmask in the buffer. Then the reading of the buffer via bstr_printf() will
then look at the pointer to process the final output. Obviously the value of
that pointer could have changed since the time it was recorded to the time
the buffer is read. Worse yet, the bitmask could be unmapped, and the
reading of the trace buffer could actually cause a kernel oops.

Another problem is that user space tools such as perf and trace-cmd do not
have access to the contents of these pointers, and they become useless when
the tracing buffer is extracted.

Instead of having vbin_printf() simply save the pointer in the buffer for
later processing, have it perform the formatting at the time bin_printf() is
called. This will fix the issue of dereferencing pointers at a later time,
and has the extra benefit of having user space tools understand these
values.

Since perf and trace-cmd already can handle %p[sSfF] via saving kallsyms,
their pointers are saved and not processed during vbin_printf(). If they
were converted, it would break perf and trace-cmd, as they would not know
how to deal with the conversion.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171228204025.14a71d8f@gandalf.local.homeReported-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      841a915d
  7. 09 1月, 2018 1 次提交
    • S
      symbol lookup: introduce dereference_symbol_descriptor() · 04b8eb7a
      由 Sergey Senozhatsky 提交于 
      dereference_symbol_descriptor() invokes appropriate ARCH specific
function descriptor dereference callbacks:
- dereference_kernel_function_descriptor() if the pointer is a
  kernel symbol;

- dereference_module_function_descriptor() if the pointer is a
  module symbol.

This is the last step needed to make '%pS/%ps' smart enough to
handle function descriptor dereference on affected ARCHs and
to retire '%pF/%pf'.

To refresh it:
  Some architectures (ia64, ppc64, parisc64) use an indirect pointer
  for C function pointers - the function pointer points to a function
  descriptor and we need to dereference it to get the actual function
  pointer.

  Function descriptors live in .opd elf section and all affected
  ARCHs (ia64, ppc64, parisc64) handle it properly for kernel and
  modules. So we, technically, can decide if the dereference is
  needed by simply looking at the pointer: if it belongs to .opd
  section then we need to dereference it.

  The kernel and modules have their own .opd sections, obviously,
  that's why we need to split dereference_function_descriptor()
  and use separate kernel and module dereference arch callbacks.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171206043649.GB15885@jagdpanzerIV
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: James Bottomley <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linux-ia64@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-parisc@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NSergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> #ia64
Tested-by: Santosh Sivaraj <santosh@fossix.org> #powerpc
Tested-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> #parisc64
Signed-off-by: NPetr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
      04b8eb7a
  9. 22 12月, 2017 2 次提交
    • J
      vsprintf: Fix a dangling documentation reference · 27e7c0e8
      由 Jonathan Corbet 提交于 
      A reference to printk-formats.txt didn't get updated when the file moved;
fix that.
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
      27e7c0e8
    • T
      doc: convert printk-formats.txt to rst · b3ed2321
      由 Tobin C. Harding 提交于 
      Documentation/printk-formats.txt is a candidate for conversion to
ReStructuredText format. Some effort has already been made to do this
conversion even thought the suffix is currently .txt

Changes required to complete conversion

 - Move printk-formats.txt to core-api/printk-formats.rst
 - Add entry to Documentation/core-api/index.rst
 - Remove entry from Documentation/00-INDEX
 - Fix minor grammatical errors.
 - Order heading adornments as suggested by rst docs.
 - Use 'Passed by reference' uniformly.
 - Update pointer documentation around %px specifier.
 - Fix erroneous double backticks (to commas).
 - Remove extraneous double backticks (suggested by Jonathan Corbet).
 - Simplify documentation for kobject.
Signed-off-by: NTobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
[jc: downcased "kernel"]
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
      b3ed2321
  11. 30 11月, 2017 1 次提交
    • L
      vsprintf: don't use 'restricted_pointer()' when not restricting · ef0010a3
      由 Linus Torvalds 提交于 
      Instead, just fall back on the new '%p' behavior which hashes the
pointer.

Otherwise, '%pK' - that was intended to mark a pointer as restricted -
just ends up leaking pointers that a normal '%p' wouldn't leak.  Which
just make the whole thing pointless.

I suspect we should actually get rid of '%pK' entirely, and make it just
work as '%p' regardless, but this is the minimal obvious fix.  People
who actually use 'kptr_restrict' should weigh in on which behavior they
want.

Cc: Tobin Harding <me@tobin.cc>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ef0010a3
  13. 29 11月, 2017 3 次提交
    • T
      vsprintf: add printk specifier %px · 7b1924a1
      由 Tobin C. Harding 提交于 
      printk specifier %p now hashes all addresses before printing. Sometimes
we need to see the actual unmodified address. This can be achieved using
%lx but then we face the risk that if in future we want to change the
way the Kernel handles printing of pointers we will have to grep through
the already existent 50 000 %lx call sites. Let's add specifier %px as a
clear, opt-in, way to print a pointer and maintain some level of
isolation from all the other hex integer output within the Kernel.

Add printk specifier %px to print the actual unmodified address.
Signed-off-by: NTobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
      7b1924a1
    • T
      printk: hash addresses printed with %p · ad67b74d
      由 Tobin C. Harding 提交于 
      Currently there exist approximately 14 000 places in the kernel where
addresses are being printed using an unadorned %p. This potentially
leaks sensitive information regarding the Kernel layout in memory. Many
of these calls are stale, instead of fixing every call lets hash the
address by default before printing. This will of course break some
users, forcing code printing needed addresses to be updated.

Code that _really_ needs the address will soon be able to use the new
printk specifier %px to print the address.

For what it's worth, usage of unadorned %p can be broken down as
follows (thanks to Joe Perches).

$ git grep -E '%p[^A-Za-z0-9]' | cut -f1 -d"/" | sort | uniq -c
   1084 arch
     20 block
     10 crypto
     32 Documentation
   8121 drivers
   1221 fs
    143 include
    101 kernel
     69 lib
    100 mm
   1510 net
     40 samples
      7 scripts
     11 security
    166 sound
    152 tools
      2 virt

Add function ptr_to_id() to map an address to a 32 bit unique
identifier. Hash any unadorned usage of specifier %p and any malformed
specifiers.
Signed-off-by: NTobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
      ad67b74d
    • T
      vsprintf: refactor %pK code out of pointer() · 57e73442
      由 Tobin C. Harding 提交于 
      Currently code to handle %pK is all within the switch statement in
pointer(). This is the wrong level of abstraction. Each of the other switch
clauses call a helper function, pK should do the same.

Refactor code out of pointer() to new function restricted_pointer().
Signed-off-by: NTobin C. Harding <me@tobin.cc>
      57e73442
  15. 25 10月, 2017 1 次提交
    • M
      locking/atomics: COCCINELLE/treewide: Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() patterns... · 6aa7de05
      由 Mark Rutland 提交于 
      locking/atomics: COCCINELLE/treewide: Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() patterns to READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE()

Please do not apply this to mainline directly, instead please re-run the
coccinelle script shown below and apply its output.

For several reasons, it is desirable to use {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() in
preference to ACCESS_ONCE(), and new code is expected to use one of the
former. So far, there's been no reason to change most existing uses of
ACCESS_ONCE(), as these aren't harmful, and changing them results in
churn.

However, for some features, the read/write distinction is critical to
correct operation. To distinguish these cases, separate read/write
accessors must be used. This patch migrates (most) remaining
ACCESS_ONCE() instances to {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(), using the following
coccinelle script:

----
// Convert trivial ACCESS_ONCE() uses to equivalent READ_ONCE() and
// WRITE_ONCE()

// $ make coccicheck COCCI=/home/mark/once.cocci SPFLAGS="--include-headers" MODE=patch

virtual patch

@ depends on patch @
expression E1, E2;
@@

- ACCESS_ONCE(E1) = E2
+ WRITE_ONCE(E1, E2)

@ depends on patch @
expression E;
@@

- ACCESS_ONCE(E)
+ READ_ONCE(E)
----
Signed-off-by: NMark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: mpe@ellerman.id.au
Cc: shuah@kernel.org
Cc: snitzer@redhat.com
Cc: thor.thayer@linux.intel.com
Cc: tj@kernel.org
Cc: viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk
Cc: will.deacon@arm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508792849-3115-19-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      6aa7de05
  17. 28 6月, 2017 1 次提交
    • P
      vsprintf: Add %p extension "%pOF" for device tree · ce4fecf1
      由 Pantelis Antoniou 提交于 
      90% of the usage of device node's full_name is printing it out in a
kernel message. However, storing the full path for every node is
wasteful and redundant. With a custom format specifier, we can generate
the full path at run-time and eventually remove the full path from every
node.

For instance typical use is:
	pr_info("Frobbing node %s\n", node->full_name);

Which can be written now as:
	pr_info("Frobbing node %pOF\n", node);

'%pO' is the base specifier to represent kobjects with '%pOF'
representing struct device_node. Currently, struct device_node is the
only supported type of kobject.

More fine-grained control of formatting includes printing the name,
flags, path-spec name and others, explained in the documentation entry.

Originally written by Pantelis, but pretty much rewrote the core
function using existing string/number functions. The 2 passes were
unnecessary and have been removed. Also, updated the checkpatch.pl
check. The unittest code was written by Grant Likely.
Signed-off-by: NPantelis Antoniou <pantelis.antoniou@konsulko.com>
Acked-by: NJoe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NRob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
      ce4fecf1
  19. 05 6月, 2017 1 次提交
  21. 09 5月, 2017 1 次提交
  23. 03 4月, 2017 1 次提交
  25. 28 2月, 2017 1 次提交
  27. 21 5月, 2016 2 次提交
  29. 18 3月, 2016 1 次提交
    • J
      sscanf: implement basic character sets · f9310b2f
      由 Jessica Yu 提交于 
      Implement basic character sets for the '%[' conversion specifier.

The '%[' conversion specifier matches a nonempty sequence of characters
from the specified set of accepted (or with '^', rejected) characters
between the brackets.  The substring matched is to be made up of
characters in (or not in) the set.  This is useful for matching
substrings that are delimited by something other than spaces.

This implementation differs from its glibc counterpart in the following ways:
 (1) No support for character ranges (e.g., 'a-z' or '0-9')
 (2) The hyphen '-' is not a special character
 (3) The closing bracket ']' cannot be matched
 (4) No support (yet) for discarding matching input ('%*[')

The bitmap code is largely based upon sample code which was provided by
Rasmus.

The motivation for adding character set support to sscanf originally
stemmed from the kernel livepatching project.  An ongoing patchset
utilizes new livepatch Elf symbol and section names to store important
metadata livepatch needs to properly apply its patches.  Such metadata
is stored in these section and symbol names as substrings delimited by
periods '.' and commas ','.  For example, a livepatch symbol name might
look like this:

.klp.sym.vmlinux.printk,0

However, sscanf currently can only extract "substrings" delimited by
whitespace using the "%s" specifier.  Thus for the above symbol name,
one cannot not use sscanf() to extract substrings "vmlinux" or
"printk", for example.  A number of discussions on the livepatch
mailing list dealing with string parsing code for extracting these '.'
and ',' delimited substrings eventually led to the conclusion that such
code would be completely unnecessary if the kernel sscanf() supported
character sets.  Thus only a single sscanf() call would be necessary to
extract these substrings.  In addition, such an addition to sscanf()
could benefit other areas of the kernel that might have a similar need
in the future.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: 80-col tweaks]
Signed-off-by: NJessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NRasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      f9310b2f
  31. 16 3月, 2016 1 次提交
    • V
      mm, printk: introduce new format string for flags · edf14cdb
      由 Vlastimil Babka 提交于 
      In mm we use several kinds of flags bitfields that are sometimes printed
for debugging purposes, or exported to userspace via sysfs.  To make
them easier to interpret independently on kernel version and config, we
want to dump also the symbolic flag names.  So far this has been done
with repeated calls to pr_cont(), which is unreliable on SMP, and not
usable for e.g.  sysfs export.

To get a more reliable and universal solution, this patch extends
printk() format string for pointers to handle the page flags (%pGp),
gfp_flags (%pGg) and vma flags (%pGv).  Existing users of
dump_flag_names() are converted and simplified.

It would be possible to pass flags by value instead of pointer, but the
%p format string for pointers already has extensions for various kernel
structures, so it's a good fit, and the extra indirection in a
non-critical path is negligible.

[linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk: lots of good implementation suggestions]
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      edf14cdb
  33. 12 2月, 2016 1 次提交
  35. 17 1月, 2016 8 次提交
  37. 07 1月, 2016 1 次提交
  39. 07 11月, 2015 5 次提交
  41. 21 7月, 2015 1 次提交
  43. 17 4月, 2015 2 次提交
    • R
      lib/vsprintf.c: improve put_dec_trunc8 slightly · 675cf53c
      由 Rasmus Villemoes 提交于 
      I hadn't had enough coffee when I wrote this. Currently, the final
increment of buf depends on the value loaded from the table, and
causes gcc to emit a cmov immediately before the return. It is smarter
to let it depend on r, since the increment can then be computed in
parallel with the final load/store pair. It also shaves 16 bytes of
.text.
Signed-off-by: NRasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      675cf53c
    • R
      lib/vsprintf.c: even faster binary to decimal conversion · 7c43d9a3
      由 Rasmus Villemoes 提交于 
      The most expensive part of decimal conversion is the divisions by 10
(albeit done using reciprocal multiplication with appropriately chosen
constants).  I decided to see if one could eliminate around half of
these multiplications by emitting two digits at a time, at the cost of a
200 byte lookup table, and it does indeed seem like there is something
to be gained, especially on 64 bits.  Microbenchmarking shows
improvements ranging from -50% (for numbers uniformly distributed in [0,
2^64-1]) to -25% (for numbers heavily biased toward the smaller end, a
more realistic distribution).

On a larger scale, perf shows that top, one of the big consumers of /proc
data, uses 0.5-1.0% fewer cpu cycles.

I had to jump through some hoops to get the 32 bit code to compile and run
on my 64 bit machine, so I'm not sure how relevant these numbers are, but
just for comparison the microbenchmark showed improvements between -30%
and -10%.

The bloat-o-meter costs are around 150 bytes (the generated code is a
little smaller, so it's not the full 200 bytes) on both 32 and 64 bit.
I'm aware that extra cache misses won't show up in a microbenchmark as
used above, but on the other hand decimal conversions often happen in bulk
(for example in the case of top).

I have of course tested that the new code generates the same output as the
old, for both the first and last 1e10 numbers in [0,2^64-1] and 4e9
'random' numbers in-between.

Test and verification code on github: https://github.com/Villemoes/dec.
Signed-off-by: NRasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Tested-by: NJeff Epler <jepler@unpythonic.net>
Cc: "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      7c43d9a3