The SYSEX event delivery in OSS sequencer emulation assumed that the
event is encoded in the variable-length data with the straight
buffering.  This was the normal behavior in the past, but during the
development, the chained buffers were introduced for carrying more
data, while the OSS code was left intact.  As a result, when a SYSEX
event with the chained buffer data is passed to OSS sequencer port,
it may end up with the wrong memory access, as if it were having a too
large buffer.

This patch addresses the bug, by applying the buffer data expansion by
the generic snd_seq_dump_var_event() helper function.
Reported-by: Nsyzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Reported-by: NMark Salyzyn <salyzyn@android.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Currently we allow unlimited number of timer instances, and it may
bring the system hogging way too much CPU when too many timer
instances are opened and processed concurrently.  This may end up with
a soft-lockup report as triggered by syzkaller, especially when
hrtimer backend is deployed.

Since such insane number of instances aren't demanded by the normal
use case of ALSA sequencer and it merely  opens a risk only for abuse,
this patch introduces the upper limit for the number of instances per
timer backend.  As default, it's set to 1000, but for the fine-grained
timer like hrtimer, it's set to 100.

Reported-by: syzbot
Tested-by: NJérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: NKate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: NPhilippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

syzkaller reported the lockdep splat due to the possible deadlock of
grp->list_mutex of each sequencer client object.  Actually this is
rather a false-positive report due to the missing nested lock
annotations.  The sequencer client may deliver the event directly to
another client which takes another own lock.

For addressing this issue, this patch replaces the simple down_read()
with down_read_nested().  As a lock subclass, the already existing
"hop" can be re-used, which indicates the depth of the call.

Reference: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/089e082686ac9b482e055c832617@google.comReported-by: Nsyzbot <bot+7feb8de6b4d6bf810cf098bef942cc387e79d0ad@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Reported-by: NDmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The races among ioctl and other operations were protected by the
commit af368027 ("ALSA: timer: Fix race among timer ioctls") and
later fixes, but one code path was forgotten in the scenario: the
32bit compat ioctl.  As syzkaller recently spotted, a very similar
use-after-free may happen with the combination of compat ioctls.

The fix is simply to apply the same ioctl_lock to the compat_ioctl
callback, too.

Fixes: af368027 ("ALSA: timer: Fix race among timer ioctls")
Reference: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/089e082686ac9b482e055c832617@google.comReported-by: Nsyzbot <bot+e5f3c9783e7048a74233054febbe9f1bdf54b6da@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Fix kernel-doc build error. A symbol that ends with an underscore
character ('_') has special meaning in reST (reStructuredText), so add
a '*' to prevent this error and to indicate that there are several of
these values to choose from.

../sound/core/jack.c:312: ERROR: Unknown target name: "snd_jack_btn".
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The commit 99b5c5bb ("ALSA: hda - Remove the use of set_fs()")
converted the get_kctl_0dB_offset() call for killing set_fs() usage in
HD-audio codec code.  The conversion assumed that the TLV callback
used in HD-audio code is only snd_hda_mixer_amp() and applies the TLV
calculation locally.

Although this assumption is correct, and all slave kctls are actually
with that callback, the current code is still utterly buggy; it
doesn't hit this condition and falls back to the next check.  It's
because the function gets called after adding slave kctls to vmaster.
By assigning a slave kctl, the slave kctl object is faked inside
vmaster code, and the whole kctl ops are overridden.  Thus the
callback op points to a different value from what we've assumed.

More badly, as reported by the KERNEXEC and UDEREF features of PaX,
the code flow turns into the unexpected pitfall.  The next fallback
check is SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ access bit, and this always
hits for each kctl with TLV.  Then it evaluates the callback function
pointer wrongly as if it were a TLV array.  Although currently its
side-effect is fairly limited, this incorrect reference may lead to an
unpleasant result.

For addressing the regression, this patch introduces a new helper to
vmaster code, snd_ctl_apply_vmaster_slaves().  This works similarly
like the existing map_slaves() in hda_codec.c: it loops over the slave
list of the given master, and applies the given function to each
slave.  Then the initializer function receives the right kctl object
and we can compare the correct pointer instead of the faked one.

Also, for catching the similar breakage in future, give an error
message when the unexpected TLV callback is found and bail out
immediately.

Fixes: 99b5c5bb ("ALSA: hda - Remove the use of set_fs()")
Reported-by: NPaX Team <pageexec@freemail.hu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.13
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

So far we assumed that each driver implements the hotplug PCM handling
properly, e.g. dealing with the pending PCM stream at disconnect
callback.  But most codes don't care, and it eventually leaves the PCM
stream inconsistent state when an abrupt disconnection like sysfs
unbind happens.

This patch is simple but a big-hammer solution: invoke snd_pcm_stop()
at the common PCM disconnect callback always when the stream is
running.
Tested-by: NKuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The internal PCM (aka DPCM backend PCM) doesn't need any registration
procedure, thus currently we bail out immediately at dev_register
callback.  Similarly, its counterpart, dev_disconnect callback, is
superfluous for the internal PCM.  For simplifying and avoiding the
conflicting disconnect call for internal PCM objects, this patch drops
dev_register and dev_disconnect callbacks for the internal ops.

The only uncertain thing by this action is whether skipping the PCM
state change to SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECT for the internal PCM is
mandatory.  Looking through the current implementations, this doesn't
look so, hence dropping the whole dev_disconnect would make more
sense.
Tested-by: NKuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The 'use' locking macros are no-ops if neither SMP or SND_DEBUG is
enabled.  This might once have been OK in non-preemptible
configurations, but even in that case snd_seq_read() may sleep while
relying on a 'use' lock.  So always use the proper implementations.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NBen Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

An earlier commit removed the access to variable runtime
and we are now left with unused variable that is redundant,
so remove it.

Cleans up the clang warning: Value stored to 'runtime' is never read

Fixes: e11f0f90 ("ALSA: pcm: remove SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_INFO internal command")
Signed-off-by: NColin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

In case of user unbind ALSA driver during playing back / capturing,
each driver needs to stop and remove it correctly. One note here is
that we can't cancel from remove function in such case, because
unbind operation doesn't check return value from remove function.
So, we *must* stop and remove in this case.

For this purpose, we need to sync (= wait) until the all top-level
operations are canceled at remove function.
For example, snd_card_free() processes the disconnection procedure at
first, then waits for the completion. That's how the hot-unplug works
safely. It's implemented, at least, in the top-level driver removal.

Now for the lower level driver, we need a similar strategy. Notify to
the toplevel for hot-unplug (disconnect in ALSA), and sync with the
stop operation, then continue the rest of its own remove procedure.

This patch adds snd_card_disconnect_sync(), and driver can use it from
remove function.

Note: the "lower level" driver here refers to a middle layer driver
(e.g. ASoC components) that can be unbound freely during operation.
Most of legacy ALSA helper drivers don't have such a problem because
they can't be unbound.

Note#2: snd_card_disconnect_sync() merely calls snd_card_disconnect()
and syncs with closing all pending files.  It takes only the files
opened by user-space into account, and doesn't care about object
refcounts.  (The latter is handled by snd_card_free() completion call,
BTW.)  Also, the function doesn't free resources by itself.
Tested-by: NKuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

There is a potential race window opened at creating and deleting a
port via ioctl, as spotted by fuzzing.  snd_seq_create_port() creates
a port object and returns its pointer, but it doesn't take the
refcount, thus it can be deleted immediately by another thread.
Meanwhile, snd_seq_ioctl_create_port() still calls the function
snd_seq_system_client_ev_port_start() with the created port object
that is being deleted, and this triggers use-after-free like:

 BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in snd_seq_ioctl_create_port+0x504/0x630 [snd_seq] at addr ffff8801f2241cb1
 =============================================================================
 BUG kmalloc-512 (Tainted: G    B          ): kasan: bad access detected
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 INFO: Allocated in snd_seq_create_port+0x94/0x9b0 [snd_seq] age=1 cpu=3 pid=4511
 	___slab_alloc+0x425/0x460
 	__slab_alloc+0x20/0x40
  	kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x150/0x190
	snd_seq_create_port+0x94/0x9b0 [snd_seq]
	snd_seq_ioctl_create_port+0xd1/0x630 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_do_ioctl+0x11c/0x190 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_ioctl+0x40/0x80 [snd_seq]
 	do_vfs_ioctl+0x54b/0xda0
 	SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
 	entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x16/0x75
 INFO: Freed in port_delete+0x136/0x1a0 [snd_seq] age=1 cpu=2 pid=4717
 	__slab_free+0x204/0x310
 	kfree+0x15f/0x180
 	port_delete+0x136/0x1a0 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_delete_port+0x235/0x350 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_ioctl_delete_port+0xc8/0x180 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_do_ioctl+0x11c/0x190 [snd_seq]
 	snd_seq_ioctl+0x40/0x80 [snd_seq]
 	do_vfs_ioctl+0x54b/0xda0
 	SyS_ioctl+0x79/0x90
 	entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x16/0x75
 Call Trace:
  [<ffffffff81b03781>] dump_stack+0x63/0x82
  [<ffffffff81531b3b>] print_trailer+0xfb/0x160
  [<ffffffff81536db4>] object_err+0x34/0x40
  [<ffffffff815392d3>] kasan_report.part.2+0x223/0x520
  [<ffffffffa07aadf4>] ? snd_seq_ioctl_create_port+0x504/0x630 [snd_seq]
  [<ffffffff815395fe>] __asan_report_load1_noabort+0x2e/0x30
  [<ffffffffa07aadf4>] snd_seq_ioctl_create_port+0x504/0x630 [snd_seq]
  [<ffffffffa07aa8f0>] ? snd_seq_ioctl_delete_port+0x180/0x180 [snd_seq]
  [<ffffffff8136be50>] ? taskstats_exit+0xbc0/0xbc0
  [<ffffffffa07abc5c>] snd_seq_do_ioctl+0x11c/0x190 [snd_seq]
  [<ffffffffa07abd10>] snd_seq_ioctl+0x40/0x80 [snd_seq]
  [<ffffffff8136d433>] ? acct_account_cputime+0x63/0x80
  [<ffffffff815b515b>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x54b/0xda0
  .....

We may fix this in a few different ways, and in this patch, it's fixed
simply by taking the refcount properly at snd_seq_create_port() and
letting the caller unref the object after use.  Also, there is another
potential use-after-free by sprintf() call in snd_seq_create_port(),
and this is moved inside the lock.

This fix covers CVE-2017-15265.
Reported-and-tested-by: NMichael23 Yu <ycqzsy@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The sequencer event may contain a user-space pointer with its
SNDRV_SEQ_EXT_USRPTR bit, and we assure that its delivery is limited
with non-atomic mode.  Otherwise the copy_from_user() may hit the
fault and cause a problem.  Although the core code doesn't set such a
flag (only set at snd_seq_write()), any wild driver may set it
mistakenly and lead to an unexpected crash.

This patch adds a sanity check of such events at the delivery core
code to filter out the invalid invocation in the atomic mode.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The event handler in the virmidi sequencer code takes a read-lock for
the linked list traverse, while it's calling snd_seq_dump_var_event()
in the loop.  The latter function may expand the user-space data
depending on the event type.  It eventually invokes copy_from_user(),
which might be a potential dead-lock.

The sequencer core guarantees that the user-space data is passed only
with atomic=0 argument, but snd_virmidi_dev_receive_event() ignores it
and always takes read-lock().  For avoiding the problem above, this
patch introduces rwsem for non-atomic case, while keeping rwlock for
atomic case.

Also while we're at it: the superfluous irq flags is dropped in
snd_virmidi_input_open().
Reported-by: NJia-Ju Bai <baijiaju1990@163.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

In preparation for unconditionally passing the struct timer_list pointer to
all timer callbacks, switch to using the new timer_setup() and from_timer()
to pass the timer pointer explicitly. This adds a pointer back to struct
snd_timer.
Signed-off-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

X32 ABI uses the 64bit timespec in addition to 64bit alignment of 64bit
values. We have added compat ABI for these ioctls, but this patch adds
one missing padding into 'struct snd_pcm_mmap_status_x32' to fix
incompatibilities.
Signed-off-by: NBaolin Wang <baolin.wang@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Make this const as it is only used during a copy operation. Also, make
it __initconst as it is only used during the init phase and after this
it is not referenced anywhere.
Signed-off-by: NBhumika Goyal <bhumirks@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Commit 04c5d5a4 ("ALSA: compress: Embed struct device") removed
the statement that used 'str' but didn't remove the variable itself.
So remove it.

[Adding stable to Cc since pr_debug() may refer to the uninitialized
 buffer -- tiwai]

Fixes: 04c5d5a4 ("ALSA: compress: Embed struct device")
Signed-off-by: NGuneshwor Singh <guneshwor.o.singh@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The "info.index" variable represents a bit in hw->dsp_loaded which is
an unsigned int.  If it's higher than 31 we hit a shift wrapping bug.
This seems harmless, but I wanted to silence the static checker warning.
Signed-off-by: NDan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA sequencer core has a mechanism to load the enumerated devices
automatically, and it's performed in an off-load work.  This seems
causing some race when a sequencer is removed while the pending
autoload work is running.  As syzkaller spotted, it may lead to some
use-after-free:
  BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in snd_rawmidi_dev_seq_free+0x69/0x70
  sound/core/rawmidi.c:1617
  Write of size 8 at addr ffff88006c611d90 by task kworker/2:1/567

  CPU: 2 PID: 567 Comm: kworker/2:1 Not tainted 4.13.0+ #29
  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
  Workqueue: events autoload_drivers
  Call Trace:
   __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:16 [inline]
   dump_stack+0x192/0x22c lib/dump_stack.c:52
   print_address_description+0x78/0x280 mm/kasan/report.c:252
   kasan_report_error mm/kasan/report.c:351 [inline]
   kasan_report+0x230/0x340 mm/kasan/report.c:409
   __asan_report_store8_noabort+0x1c/0x20 mm/kasan/report.c:435
   snd_rawmidi_dev_seq_free+0x69/0x70 sound/core/rawmidi.c:1617
   snd_seq_dev_release+0x4f/0x70 sound/core/seq_device.c:192
   device_release+0x13f/0x210 drivers/base/core.c:814
   kobject_cleanup lib/kobject.c:648 [inline]
   kobject_release lib/kobject.c:677 [inline]
   kref_put include/linux/kref.h:70 [inline]
   kobject_put+0x145/0x240 lib/kobject.c:694
   put_device+0x25/0x30 drivers/base/core.c:1799
   klist_devices_put+0x36/0x40 drivers/base/bus.c:827
   klist_next+0x264/0x4a0 lib/klist.c:403
   next_device drivers/base/bus.c:270 [inline]
   bus_for_each_dev+0x17e/0x210 drivers/base/bus.c:312
   autoload_drivers+0x3b/0x50 sound/core/seq_device.c:117
   process_one_work+0x9fb/0x1570 kernel/workqueue.c:2097
   worker_thread+0x1e4/0x1350 kernel/workqueue.c:2231
   kthread+0x324/0x3f0 kernel/kthread.c:231
   ret_from_fork+0x25/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:425

The fix is simply to assure canceling the autoload work at removing
the device.
Reported-by: NAndrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Tested-by: NAndrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The debug functions uses wrongly the %pF instead of the %pS printk format
specifier for printing symbols for the address returned by
_builtin_return_address(0). Fix it for the ia64, ppc64 and parisc64
architectures.
Signed-off-by: NHelge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Some ioctl functions are implemented individually for both playback
and capture streams although most of the codes are identical with just
a few different stream-specific function calls.  This patch unifies
these places, removes the superfluous trivial check and flattens the
call paths as a cleanup.  Meanwhile, for better readability, some
codes (e.g. xfer ioctls or forward/rewind ioctls) are factored out as
functions.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Currently we're taking power_lock at each card component for assuring
the power-up sequence, but it doesn't help anything in the
implementation at the moment: it just serializes unnecessarily the
callers, but it doesn't protect about the power state change itself.
It used to have some usefulness in the early days where we managed the
PM manually.  But now the suspend/resume core procedure is beyond our
hands, and power_lock lost its meaning.

This patch drops the power_lock from allover the places.
There shouldn't be any issues by this change, as it's no helper
regarding the power state change.  Rather we'll get better performance
by removing the serialization; which is the only slight concern of any
behavior change, but it can't be a showstopper, after all.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

PCM OSS emulation issues the drain ioctl without power lock.  It used
to work in the earlier kernels as the power lock was taken inside
snd_pcm_drain() itself.  But since 68b4acd3 ("ALSA: pcm: Apply
power lock globally to common ioctls"), the power lock is taken
outside the function.  Due to that change, the call via OSS emulation
leads to the unbalanced power lock, thus it deadlocks.

As a quick fix, just take the power lock before snd_pcm_drain() call
for OSS emulation path.  A better cleanup will follow later.

Fixes: 68b4acd3 ("ALSA: pcm: Apply power lock globally to common ioctls")
Reported-and-tested-by: NMarkus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The commit c8da9be4 ("ALSA: pcm: Adjust nine function calls
together with a variable assignment") contained a badly incorrect
conversion, a "status" PCM procfs creation was replaced with the next
one.  Luckily, this could be spotted easily by the kernel runtime
warning.

Fixes: c8da9be4 ("ALSA: pcm: Adjust nine function calls together...")
Reported-by: NFabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@nxp.com>
Tested-by: NFabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

For user-defined element set, in its initial state, TLV data is not
registered. It's firstly available when any application register it by
an additional operation. However, in current implementation, it's available
in its initial state. As a result, applications get -ENXIO to read it.

This commit controls its readability to manage info flags properly. In an
initial state, elements don't have SND_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_TLV_READ flag. Once
TLV write operation is executed, they get the flag.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

In a design of user-defined element set, applications allow to change TLV
data on the set. This operation doesn't only affects to a target element,
but also to elements in the set.

This commit generates TLV event for all of elements in the set when the TLV
data is changed.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

In a design of ALSA control core, a set of elements is represented by
'struct snd_kcontrol' to share common attributes. The set of elements
shares TLV (Type-Length-Value) data, too.

On the other hand, in ALSA control interface/protocol for applications,
a TLV operation is committed to an element. Totally, the operation can
have sub-effect to the other elements in the set. For example, TLV_WRITE
operation is expected to change TLV data, which returns to applications.
Applications attempt to change the TLV data per element, but in the above
design, they can effect to elements in the same set.

As a default, ALSA control core has no implementation except for TLV_READ
operation. Thus, the above design looks to have no issue. However, in
kernel APIs of ALSA control component, developers can program a handler
for any request of the TLV operation. Therefore, for elements in a set
which has the handler, applications can commit TLV_WRITE and TLV_COMMAND
requests.

For the above scenario, ALSA control core assist notification. When the
handler returns positive value, the core queueing an event for a requested
element. However, this includes design defects that the event is not
queued for the other element in a set. Actually, developers can program
the handlers to keep per-element TLV data, but it depends on each driver.

As of v4.13-rc6, there's no driver in tree to utilize the notification,
except for user-defined element set. This commit delegates the notification
into each driver to prevent developers from the design defects.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Add a jump target so that a bit of exception handling can be better reused
at the end of this function.

This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software.
Signed-off-by: NMarkus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The script "checkpatch.pl" pointed information out like the following.

ERROR: do not use assignment in if condition

Thus fix the affected source code place.
Signed-off-by: NMarkus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The script "checkpatch.pl" pointed information out like the following.

ERROR: do not use assignment in if condition

Thus fix the affected source code places.
Signed-off-by: NMarkus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Add a jump target so that a bit of exception handling can be better reused
at the end of this function.

This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software.
Signed-off-by: NMarkus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

When user tries to replace the user-defined control TLV, the kernel
checks the change of its content via memcmp().  The problem is that
the kernel passes the return value from memcmp() as is.  memcmp()
gives a non-zero negative value depending on the comparison result,
and this shall be recognized as an error code.

The patch covers that corner-case, return 1 properly for the changed
TLV.

Fixes: 8aa9b586 ("[ALSA] Control API - more robust TLV implementation")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

In ALSA control interface, applications can execute two types of request
for value of members on each element; ELEM_READ and ELEM_WRITE. In ALSA
control core, these two requests are handled within read lock of a
counting semaphore, therefore several processes can run to execute these
two requests at the same time. This has an issue because ELEM_WRITE
requests have an effect to change state of the target element. Concurrent
access should be controlled for each of ELEM_READ/ELEM_WRITE case.

This commit uses the counting semaphore as write lock for ELEM_WRITE
requests, while use it as read lock for ELEM_READ requests. The state of
a target element is maintained exclusively between ELEM_WRITE/ELEM_READ
operations.

There's a concern. If the counting semaphore is acquired for read lock
in implementations of 'struct snd_kcontrol.put()' in each driver, this
commit shall cause dead lock. As of v4.13-rc5, 'snd-mixer-oss.ko',
'snd-emu10k1.ko' and 'snd-soc-sst-atom-hifi2-platform.ko' includes codes
for read locks, but these are not in a call graph from
'struct snd_kcontrol.put(). Therefore, this commit is safe.

In current implementation, the same solution is applied for the other
operations to element; e.g. ELEM_LOCK and ELEM_UNLOCK. There's another
discussion about an overhead to maintain concurrent access to an element
during operating the other elements on the same card instance, because the
lock primitive is originally implemented to maintain a list of elements on
the card instance. There's a substantial difference between
per-element-list lock and per-element lock.

Here, let me investigate another idea to add per-element lock to maintain
the concurrent accesses with inquiry/change requests to an element. It's
not so frequent for applications to operate members on elements, while
adding a new lock primitive to structure increases memory footprint for
all of element sets somehow. Experimentally, inquiry operation is more
frequent than change operation and usage of counting semaphore for the
inquiry operation brings no blocking to the other inquiry operations. Thus
the overhead is not so critical for usual applications. For the above
reasons, in this commit, the per-element lock is not introduced.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

ALSA control core handles ELEM_READ/ELEM_WRITE requests within lock
acquisition of a counting semaphore. The lock is acquired in helper
functions in the end of call path before calling implementations of each
driver.

ioctl(2) with SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_READ
...
->snd_ctl_ioctl()
  ->snd_ctl_elem_read_user()
    ->snd_ctl_elem_read()
      ->down_read(controls_rwsem)
      ->snd_ctl_find_id()
      ->struct snd_kcontrol.get()
      ->up_read(controls_rwsem)

ioctl(2) with SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_WRITE
...
->snd_ctl_ioctl()
  ->snd_ctl_elem_write_user()
    ->snd_ctl_elem_write()
      ->down_read(controls_rwsem)
      ->snd_ctl_find_id()
      ->struct snd_kcontrol.put()
      ->up_read(controls_rwsem)

This commit moves the lock acquisition to middle of the call graph to
simplify the helper functions. As a result:

ioctl(2) with SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_READ
...
->snd_ctl_ioctl()
  ->snd_ctl_elem_read_user()
    ->down_read(controls_rwsem)
    ->snd_ctl_elem_read()
      ->snd_ctl_find_id()
      ->struct snd_kcontrol.get()
    ->up_read(controls_rwsem)

ioctl(2) with SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_WRITE
...
->snd_ctl_ioctl()
  ->snd_ctl_elem_write_user()
    ->down_read(controls_rwsem)
    ->snd_ctl_elem_write()
      ->snd_ctl_find_id()
      ->struct snd_kcontrol.put()
    ->up_read(controls_rwsem)
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Any control event is queued by a call of snd_ctl_notify(). This function
adds the event to each queue of opened file data corresponding to ALSA
control character devices. This function acquired two types of lock; a
counting semaphore for a list of the opened file data and a spinlock for
card data opened by the file. Typically, this function is called after
acquiring a counting semaphore for a list of elements in the card data.

In current implementation of a handler for ELEM_WRITE request, the
function is called after releasing the semaphore for a list of elements
in the card data. This release is not necessarily needed.

This commit removes the release to call the function within the critical
section so that later commits are simple.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

commit 4842e98f ("ALSA: seq: Fix race at
creating a queue") attempted to fix a race reported by syzkaller. That
fix has been described as follows:

"
When a sequencer queue is created in snd_seq_queue_alloc(),it adds the
new queue element to the public list before referencing it.  Thus the
queue might be deleted before the call of snd_seq_queue_use(), and it
results in the use-after-free error, as spotted by syzkaller.

The fix is to reference the queue object at the right time.
"

Even with that fix in place, syzkaller reported a use-after-free error.
It specifically pointed to the last instruction "return q->queue" in
snd_seq_queue_alloc(). The pointer q is being used after kfree() has
been called on it.

It turned out that there is still a small window where a race can
happen. The window opens at
snd_seq_ioctl_create_queue()->snd_seq_queue_alloc()->queue_list_add()
and closes at
snd_seq_ioctl_create_queue()->queueptr()->snd_use_lock_use(). Between
these two calls, a different thread could delete the queue and possibly
re-create a different queue in the same location in queue_list.

This change prevents this situation by calling snd_use_lock_use() from
snd_seq_queue_alloc() prior to calling queue_list_add(). It is then the
caller's responsibility to call snd_use_lock_free(&q->use_lock).

Fixes: 4842e98f ("ALSA: seq: Fix race at creating a queue")
Reported-by: NDmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Mentz <danielmentz@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

The commit 0181307a ("ALSA: seq: Reorganize kconfig and build")
rewrote the dependency of each sequencer module in a standard way, but
there was one change applied mistakenly: CONFIG_SND_SEQ_MIDI isn't
enabled properly by CONFIG_SND_RAWMIDI.  I seem to have changed the
wrong one instead, CONFIG_SND_SEQ_MIDI_EMUL, which is eventually
reverse-selected by CONFIG_SND_SEQ_MIDI itself.  This ended up the
lack of snd-seq-midi module as reported below.

The fix is to put def_tristate properly to CONFIG_SND_SEQ_MIDI instead
of *_MIDI_EMUL entry.

Fixes: 0181307a ("ALSA: seq: Reorganize kconfig and build")
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=196633Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

User-defined element set registers own handler to get callbacks from TLV
ioctl handler. In the handler, execution path bifurcates depending on
requests from user space. At write request, container in given buffer is
registered to the element set, or replaced old TLV data. At the read
request, the registered data is copied to user space. The command request
is not allowed.  In current implementation, function of the handler
includes codes for the two cases.

This commit adds two helper functions for these cases so that readers can
easily get the above design.
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
Signed-off-by: NTakashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>