Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
 "The updates included in this pull request for ftrace are:

   o Several clean ups to the code

     One such clean up was to convert to 64 bit time keeping, in the
     ring buffer benchmark code.

   o Adding of __print_array() helper macro for TRACE_EVENT()

   o Updating the sample/trace_events/ to add samples of different ways
     to make trace events.  Lots of features have been added since the
     sample code was made, and these features are mostly unknown.
     Developers have been making their own hacks to do things that are
     already available.

   o Performance improvements.  Most notably, I found a performance bug
     where a waiter that is waiting for a full page from the ring buffer
     will see that a full page is not available, and go to sleep.  The
     sched event caused by it going to sleep would cause it to wake up
     again.  It would see that there was still not a full page, and go
     back to sleep again, and that would wake it up again, until finally
     it would see a full page.  This change has been marked for stable.

  Other improvements include removing global locks from fast paths"

* tag 'trace-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
  ring-buffer: Do not wake up a splice waiter when page is not full
  tracing: Fix unmapping loop in tracing_mark_write
  tracing: Add samples of DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() and DEFINE_EVENT()
  tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_FN example
  tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION sample
  tracing: Update the TRACE_EVENT fields available in the sample code
  tracing: Separate out initializing top level dir from instances
  tracing: Make tracing_init_dentry_tr() static
  trace: Use 64-bit timekeeping
  tracing: Add array printing helper
  tracing: Remove newline from trace_printk warning banner
  tracing: Use IS_ERR() check for return value of tracing_init_dentry()
  tracing: Remove unneeded includes of debugfs.h and fs.h
  tracing: Remove taking of trace_types_lock in pipe files
  tracing: Add ref count to tracer for when they are being read by pipe

Pull ktest updates from Steven Rostedt:
 "The following ktest updates were done:

   o Added timings to various parts of the test (build, install, boot,
     tests) and report them so that the users can keep track of changes.

   o Josh Poimboeuf fixed the console output to work better with virtual
     machine targets.

   o Various clean ups and fixes"

* tag 'ktest-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-ktest:
  ktest: Place quotes around item variable
  ktest: Cleanup terminal on dodie() failure
  ktest: Print build,install,boot,test times at success and failure
  ktest: Enable user input to the console
  ktest: Give console process a dedicated tty
  ktest: Rename start_monitor_and_boot to start_monitor_and_install
  ktest: Show times for build, install, boot and test
  ktest: Restore tty settings after closing console
  ktest: Add timings for commands

Pull security layer updates from James Morris:
 "Highlights:

   - Smack adds secmark support for Netfilter
   - /proc/keys is now mandatory if CONFIG_KEYS=y
   - TPM gets its own device class
   - Added TPM 2.0 support
   - Smack file hook rework (all Smack users should review this!)"

* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (64 commits)
  cipso: don't use IPCB() to locate the CIPSO IP option
  SELinux: fix error code in policydb_init()
  selinux: add security in-core xattr support for pstore and debugfs
  selinux: quiet the filesystem labeling behavior message
  selinux: Remove unused function avc_sidcmp()
  ima: /proc/keys is now mandatory
  Smack: Repair netfilter dependency
  X.509: silence asn1 compiler debug output
  X.509: shut up about included cert for silent build
  KEYS: Make /proc/keys unconditional if CONFIG_KEYS=y
  MAINTAINERS: email update
  tpm/tpm_tis: Add missing ifdef CONFIG_ACPI for pnp_acpi_device
  smack: fix possible use after frees in task_security() callers
  smack: Add missing logging in bidirectional UDS connect check
  Smack: secmark support for netfilter
  Smack: Rework file hooks
  tpm: fix format string error in tpm-chip.c
  char/tpm/tpm_crb: fix build error
  smack: Fix a bidirectional UDS connect check typo
  smack: introduce a special case for tmpfs in smack_d_instantiate()
  ...

Pull audit fix from Paul Moore:
 "Just one patch from the audit tree for v3.20, and a very minor one at
  that.

  The patch simply removes an old, unused field from the audit_krule
  structure, a private audit-only struct.  In audit related news, we did
  a proper overhaul of the audit pathname code and removed the nasty
  getname()/putname() hacks for audit, you should see those patches in
  Al's vfs tree if you haven't already.

  That's it for audit this time, let's hope for a quiet -rcX series"

* 'upstream' of git://git.infradead.org/users/pcmoore/audit:
  audit: remove vestiges of vers_ops

Merge second set of updates from Andrew Morton:
 "More of MM"

* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (83 commits)
  mm/nommu.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory()
  mm/mmap.c: fix arithmetic overflow in __vm_enough_memory()
  vmstat: Reduce time interval to stat update on idle cpu
  mm/page_owner.c: remove unnecessary stack_trace field
  Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt: describe /proc/<pid>/map_files
  mm: incorporate read-only pages into transparent huge pages
  vmstat: do not use deferrable delayed work for vmstat_update
  mm: more aggressive page stealing for UNMOVABLE allocations
  mm: always steal split buddies in fallback allocations
  mm: when stealing freepages, also take pages created by splitting buddy page
  mincore: apply page table walker on do_mincore()
  mm: /proc/pid/clear_refs: avoid split_huge_page()
  mm: pagewalk: fix misbehavior of walk_page_range for vma(VM_PFNMAP)
  mempolicy: apply page table walker on queue_pages_range()
  arch/powerpc/mm/subpage-prot.c: use walk->vma and walk_page_vma()
  memcg: cleanup preparation for page table walk
  numa_maps: remove numa_maps->vma
  numa_maps: fix typo in gather_hugetbl_stats
  pagemap: use walk->vma instead of calling find_vma()
  clear_refs: remove clear_refs_private->vma and introduce clear_refs_test_walk()
  ...

Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman:

 - Update of all defconfigs

 - Addition of a bunch of config options to modernise our defconfigs

 - Some PS3 updates from Geoff

 - Optimised memcmp for 64 bit from Anton

 - Fix for kprobes that allows 'perf probe' to work from Naveen

 - Several cxl updates from Ian & Ryan

 - Expanded support for the '24x7' PMU from Cody & Sukadev

 - Freescale updates from Scott:
    "Highlights include 8xx optimizations, some more work on datapath
     device tree content, e300 machine check support, t1040 corenet
     error reporting, and various cleanups and fixes"

* tag 'powerpc-3.20-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mpe/linux: (102 commits)
  cxl: Add missing return statement after handling AFU errror
  cxl: Fail AFU initialisation if an invalid configuration record is found
  cxl: Export optional AFU configuration record in sysfs
  powerpc/mm: Warn on flushing tlb page in kernel context
  powerpc/powernv: Add OPAL soft-poweroff routine
  powerpc/perf/hv-24x7: Document sysfs event description entries
  powerpc/perf/hv-gpci: add the remaining gpci requests
  powerpc/perf/{hv-gpci, hv-common}: generate requests with counters annotated
  powerpc/perf/hv-24x7: parse catalog and populate sysfs with events
  perf: define EVENT_DEFINE_RANGE_FORMAT_LITE helper
  perf: add PMU_EVENT_ATTR_STRING() helper
  perf: provide sysfs_show for struct perf_pmu_events_attr
  powerpc/kernel: Avoid initializing device-tree pointer twice
  powerpc: Remove old compile time disabled syscall tracing code
  powerpc/kernel: Make syscall_exit a local label
  cxl: Fix device_node reference counting
  powerpc/mm: bail out early when flushing TLB page
  powerpc: defconfigs: add MTD_SPI_NOR (new dependency for M25P80)
  perf/powerpc: reset event hw state when adding it to the PMU
  powerpc/qe: Use strlcpy()
  ...

Pull arm64 updates from Catalin Marinas:
 "arm64 updates for 3.20:

   - reimplementation of the virtual remapping of UEFI Runtime Services
     in a way that is stable across kexec
   - emulation of the "setend" instruction for 32-bit tasks (user
     endianness switching trapped in the kernel, SCTLR_EL1.E0E bit set
     accordingly)
   - compat_sys_call_table implemented in C (from asm) and made it a
     constant array together with sys_call_table
   - export CPU cache information via /sys (like other architectures)
   - DMA API implementation clean-up in preparation for IOMMU support
   - macros clean-up for KVM
   - dropped some unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
   - CONFIG_ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND clean-up
   - defconfig update (CPU_IDLE)

  The EFI changes going via the arm64 tree have been acked by Matt
  Fleming.  There is also a patch adding sys_*stat64 prototypes to
  include/linux/syscalls.h, acked by Andrew Morton"

* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (47 commits)
  arm64: compat: Remove incorrect comment in compat_siginfo
  arm64: Fix section mismatch on alloc_init_p[mu]d()
  arm64: Avoid breakage caused by .altmacro in fpsimd save/restore macros
  arm64: mm: use *_sect to check for section maps
  arm64: drop unnecessary cache+tlb maintenance
  arm64:mm: free the useless initial page table
  arm64: Enable CPU_IDLE in defconfig
  arm64: kernel: remove ARM64_CPU_SUSPEND config option
  arm64: make sys_call_table const
  arm64: Remove asm/syscalls.h
  arm64: Implement the compat_sys_call_table in C
  syscalls: Declare sys_*stat64 prototypes if __ARCH_WANT_(COMPAT_)STAT64
  compat: Declare compat_sys_sigpending and compat_sys_sigprocmask prototypes
  arm64: uapi: expose our struct ucontext to the uapi headers
  smp, ARM64: Kill SMP single function call interrupt
  arm64: Emulate SETEND for AArch32 tasks
  arm64: Consolidate hotplug notifier for instruction emulation
  arm64: Track system support for mixed endian EL0
  arm64: implement generic IOMMU configuration
  arm64: Combine coherent and non-coherent swiotlb dma_ops
  ...

Pull s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky:

 - The remaining patches for the z13 machine support: kernel build
   option for z13, the cache synonym avoidance, SMT support,
   compare-and-delay for spinloops and the CES5S crypto adapater.

 - The ftrace support for function tracing with the gcc hotpatch option.
   This touches common code Makefiles, Steven is ok with the changes.

 - The hypfs file system gets an extension to access diagnose 0x0c data
   in user space for performance analysis for Linux running under z/VM.

 - The iucv hvc console gets wildcard spport for the user id filtering.

 - The cacheinfo code is converted to use the generic infrastructure.

 - Cleanup and bug fixes.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (42 commits)
  s390/process: free vx save area when releasing tasks
  s390/hypfs: Eliminate hypfs interval
  s390/hypfs: Add diagnose 0c support
  s390/cacheinfo: don't use smp_processor_id() in preemptible context
  s390/zcrypt: fixed domain scanning problem (again)
  s390/smp: increase maximum value of NR_CPUS to 512
  s390/jump label: use different nop instruction
  s390/jump label: add sanity checks
  s390/mm: correct missing space when reporting user process faults
  s390/dasd: cleanup profiling
  s390/dasd: add locking for global_profile access
  s390/ftrace: hotpatch support for function tracing
  ftrace: let notrace function attribute disable hotpatching if necessary
  ftrace: allow architectures to specify ftrace compile options
  s390: reintroduce diag 44 calls for cpu_relax()
  s390/zcrypt: Add support for new crypto express (CEX5S) adapter.
  s390/zcrypt: Number of supported ap domains is not retrievable.
  s390/spinlock: add compare-and-delay to lock wait loops
  s390/tape: remove redundant if statement
  s390/hvc_iucv: add simple wildcard matches to the iucv allow filter
  ...

Pull pstore update from Tony Luck:
 "Miscellaneous fs/pstore fixes"

* tag 'please-pull-pstore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux:
  pstore: Fix sprintf format specifier in pstore_dump()
  pstore: Add pmsg - user-space accessible pstore object
  pstore: Handle zero-sized prz in series
  pstore: Remove superfluous memory size check
  pstore: Use scnprintf() in pstore_mkfile()

Pull NFS client updates from Trond Myklebust:
 "Highlights incluse:

  Features:
   - Removing the forced serialisation of open()/close() calls in
     NFSv4.x (x>0) makes for a significant performance improvement in
     metadata intensive workloads.
   - Full support for the pNFS "flexible files" layout type
   - Further RPC/RDMA client improvements from Chuck

  Bugfixes:
   - Stable fix: NFSv4.1 backchannel calls blocking operations with !TASK_RUNNING
   - Stable fix: pnfs_generic_pg_init_read/write can be called with lseg == NULL
   - Stable fix: Fix an Oopsable condition when nsm_mon_unmon is called
     as part of the namespace cleanup,
   - Stable fix: Ensure we reference the inode for return-on-close in
     delegreturn
   - Use SO_REUSEPORT to ensure that NFSv3 TCP connections can rebind to
     the same source address/port combination during a disconnect/
     reconnect event.  This is a requirement imposed by most NFSv3
     server duplicate reply cache implementations.

  Optimisations:
   - Ask for no NFSv4.1 delegations on OPEN if using O_DIRECT

  Other:
   - Add Anna Schumaker as co-maintainer for the NFS client"

* tag 'nfs-for-3.20-1' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs: (119 commits)
  SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove xs_tcp_close()
  pnfs: delete an unintended goto
  pnfs/flexfiles: Do not dprintk after the free
  SUNRPC: Fix stupid typo in xs_sock_set_reuseport
  SUNRPC: Define xs_tcp_fin_timeout only if CONFIG_SUNRPC_DEBUG
  SUNRPC: Handle connection reset more efficiently.
  SUNRPC: Remove the redundant XPRT_CONNECTION_CLOSE flag
  SUNRPC: Make xs_tcp_close() do a socket shutdown rather than a sock_release
  SUNRPC: Ensure xs_tcp_shutdown() requests a full close of the connection
  SUNRPC: Cleanup to remove remaining uses of XPRT_CONNECTION_ABORT
  SUNRPC: Remove TCP socket linger code
  SUNRPC: Remove TCP client connection reset hack
  SUNRPC: TCP/UDP always close the old socket before reconnecting
  SUNRPC: Add helpers to prevent socket create from racing
  SUNRPC: Ensure xs_reset_transport() resets the close connection flags
  SUNRPC: Do not clear the source port in xs_reset_transport
  SUNRPC: Handle EADDRINUSE on connect
  SUNRPC: Set SO_REUSEPORT socket option for TCP connections
  NFSv4.1: Fix pnfs_put_lseg races
  NFSv4.1: pnfs_send_layoutreturn should use GFP_NOFS
  ...

I noticed that "allowed" can easily overflow by falling below 0, because
(total_vm / 32) can be larger than "allowed".  The problem occurs in
OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode.

In this case, a huge allocation can success and overcommit the system
(despite OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode).  All subsequent allocations will fall
(system-wide), so system become unusable.

The problem was masked out by commit c9b1d098
("mm: limit growth of 3% hardcoded other user reserve"),
but it's easy to reproduce it on older kernels:
1) set overcommit_memory sysctl to 2
2) mmap() large file multiple times (with VM_SHARED flag)
3) try to malloc() large amount of memory

It also can be reproduced on newer kernels, but miss-configured
sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes is required.

Fix this issue by switching to signed arithmetic here.
Signed-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I noticed, that "allowed" can easily overflow by falling below 0,
because (total_vm / 32) can be larger than "allowed".  The problem
occurs in OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode.

In this case, a huge allocation can success and overcommit the system
(despite OVERCOMMIT_NONE mode).  All subsequent allocations will fall
(system-wide), so system become unusable.

The problem was masked out by commit c9b1d098
("mm: limit growth of 3% hardcoded other user reserve"),
but it's easy to reproduce it on older kernels:
1) set overcommit_memory sysctl to 2
2) mmap() large file multiple times (with VM_SHARED flag)
3) try to malloc() large amount of memory

It also can be reproduced on newer kernels, but miss-configured
sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes is required.

Fix this issue by switching to signed arithmetic here.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use min_t]
Signed-off-by: NRoman Gushchin <klamm@yandex-team.ru>
Cc: Andrew Shewmaker <agshew@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It was noted that the vm stat shepherd runs every 2 seconds and that the
vmstat update is then scheduled 2 seconds in the future.

This yields an interval of double the time interval which is not desired.

Change the shepherd so that it does not delay the vmstat update on the
other cpu.  We stil have to use schedule_delayed_work since we are using a
delayed_work_struct but we can set the delay to 0.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Page owner uses the page_ext structure to keep meta-information for every
page in the system.  The structure also contains a field of type 'struct
stack_trace', page owner uses this field during invocation of the function
save_stack_trace.  It is easy to notice that keeping a copy of this
structure for every page in the system is very inefficiently in terms of
memory.

The patch removes this unnecessary field of page_ext and forces page owner
to use a stack_trace structure allocated on the stack.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use struct initializers]
Signed-off-by: NSergei Rogachev <rogachevsergei@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NJoonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweaks]
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch aims to improve THP collapse rates, by allowing THP collapse in
the presence of read-only ptes, like those left in place by do_swap_page
after a read fault.

Currently THP can collapse 4kB pages into a THP when there are up to
khugepaged_max_ptes_none pte_none ptes in a 2MB range.  This patch applies
the same limit for read-only ptes.

The patch was tested with a test program that allocates 800MB of memory,
writes to it, and then sleeps.  I force the system to swap out all but
190MB of the program by touching other memory.  Afterwards, the test
program does a mix of reads and writes to its memory, and the memory gets
swapped back in.

Without the patch, only the memory that did not get swapped out remained
in THPs, which corresponds to 24% of the memory of the program.  The
percentage did not increase over time.

With this patch, after 5 minutes of waiting khugepaged had collapsed 50%
of the program's memory back into THPs.

Test results:

With the patch:
After swapped out:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      100464 kB
AnonHugePages:  100352 kB
Swap:           699540 kB
Fraction:       99,88

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      1754448 kB
AnonHugePages:  1716224 kB
Fraction:       97,82

After swapped in:
In a few seconds:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  145408 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       18,17

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2455016 kB
AnonHugePages:  1761280 kB
Fraction:       71,74

In 5 minutes:
cat /proc/pid/smaps
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  407552 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       50,94

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2456872 kB
AnonHugePages:  2023424 kB
Fraction:       82,35

Without the patch:
After swapped out:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      190660 kB
AnonHugePages:  190464 kB
Swap:           609344 kB
Fraction:       99,89

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      1740456 kB
AnonHugePages:  1667072 kB
Fraction:       95,78

After swapped in:
cat /proc/pid/smaps:
Anonymous:      800004 kB
AnonHugePages:  190464 kB
Swap:           0 kB
Fraction:       23,80

cat /proc/meminfo:
AnonPages:      2350032 kB
AnonHugePages:  1667072 kB
Fraction:       70,93

I waited 10 minutes the fractions did not change without the patch.
Signed-off-by: NEbru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NZhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Vinayak Menon has reported that an excessive number of tasks was throttled
in the direct reclaim inside too_many_isolated() because NR_ISOLATED_FILE
was relatively high compared to NR_INACTIVE_FILE.  However it turned out
that the real number of NR_ISOLATED_FILE was 0 and the per-cpu
vm_stat_diff wasn't transferred into the global counter.

vmstat_work which is responsible for the sync is defined as deferrable
delayed work which means that the defined timeout doesn't wake up an idle
CPU.  A CPU might stay in an idle state for a long time and general effort
is to keep such a CPU in this state as long as possible which might lead
to all sorts of troubles for vmstat consumers as can be seen with the
excessive direct reclaim throttling.

This patch basically reverts 39bf6270 ("VM statistics: Make timer
deferrable") but it shouldn't cause any problems for idle CPUs because
only CPUs with an active per-cpu drift are woken up since 7cc36bbd
("vmstat: on-demand vmstat workers v8") and CPUs which are idle for a
longer time shouldn't have per-cpu drift.

Fixes: 39bf6270 (VM statistics: Make timer deferrable)
Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reported-by: NVinayak Menon <vinmenon@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NChristoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When allocation falls back to stealing free pages of another migratetype,
it can decide to steal extra pages, or even the whole pageblock in order
to reduce fragmentation, which could happen if further allocation
fallbacks pick a different pageblock.  In try_to_steal_freepages(), one of
the situations where extra pages are stolen happens when we are trying to
allocate a MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE page.

However, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE allocations are not treated the same way,
although spreading such allocation over multiple fallback pageblocks is
arguably even worse than it is for RECLAIMABLE allocations.  To minimize
fragmentation, we should minimize the number of such fallbacks, and thus
steal as much as is possible from each fallback pageblock.

Note that in theory this might put more pressure on movable pageblocks and
cause movable allocations to steal back from unmovable pageblocks.
However, movable allocations are not as aggressive with stealing, and do
not cause permanent fragmentation, so the tradeoff is reasonable, and
evaluation seems to support the change.

This patch thus adds a check for MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE to the decision to
steal extra free pages.  When evaluating with stress-highalloc from
mmtests, this has reduced the number of MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE fallbacks to
roughly 1/6.  The number of these fallbacks stealing from MIGRATE_MOVABLE
block is reduced to 1/3.  There was no observation of growing number of
unmovable pageblocks over time, and also not of increased movable
allocation fallbacks.
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When allocation falls back to another migratetype, it will steal a page
with highest available order, and (depending on this order and desired
migratetype), it might also steal the rest of free pages from the same
pageblock.

Given the preference of highest available order, it is likely that it will
be higher than the desired order, and result in the stolen buddy page
being split.  The remaining pages after split are currently stolen only
when the rest of the free pages are stolen.  This can however lead to
situations where for MOVABLE allocations we split e.g.  order-4 fallback
UNMOVABLE page, but steal only order-0 page.  Then on the next MOVABLE
allocation (which may be batched to fill the pcplists) we split another
order-3 or higher page, etc.  By stealing all pages that we have split, we
can avoid further stealing.

This patch therefore adjusts the page stealing so that buddy pages created
by split are always stolen.  This has effect only on MOVABLE allocations,
as RECLAIMABLE and UNMOVABLE allocations already always do that in
addition to stealing the rest of free pages from the pageblock.  The
change also allows to simplify try_to_steal_freepages() and factor out CMA
handling.

According to Mel, it has been intended since the beginning that buddy
pages after split would be stolen always, but it doesn't seem like it was
ever the case until commit 47118af0 ("mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA
migration type added").  The commit has unintentionally introduced this
behavior, but was reverted by commit 0cbef29a ("mm:
__rmqueue_fallback() should respect pageblock type").  Neither included
evaluation.

My evaluation with stress-highalloc from mmtests shows about 2.5x
reduction of page stealing events for MOVABLE allocations, without
affecting the page stealing events for other allocation migratetypes.
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When studying page stealing, I noticed some weird looking decisions in
try_to_steal_freepages().  The first I assume is a bug (Patch 1), the
following two patches were driven by evaluation.

Testing was done with stress-highalloc of mmtests, using the
mm_page_alloc_extfrag tracepoint and postprocessing to get counts of how
often page stealing occurs for individual migratetypes, and what
migratetypes are used for fallbacks.  Arguably, the worst case of page
stealing is when UNMOVABLE allocation steals from MOVABLE pageblock.
RECLAIMABLE allocation stealing from MOVABLE allocation is also not ideal,
so the goal is to minimize these two cases.

The evaluation of v2 wasn't always clear win and Joonsoo questioned the
results.  Here I used different baseline which includes RFC compaction
improvements from [1].  I found that the compaction improvements reduce
variability of stress-highalloc, so there's less noise in the data.

First, let's look at stress-highalloc configured to do sync compaction,
and how these patches reduce page stealing events during the test.  First
column is after fresh reboot, other two are reiterations of test without
reboot.  That was all accumulater over 5 re-iterations (so the benchmark
was run 5x3 times with 5 fresh restarts).

Baseline:

                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                  5-nothp-1       5-nothp-2       5-nothp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                               10264225     8702233    10244125
Extfrag fragmenting                                    10263271     8701552    10243473
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         13595       17616       15960
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          7989       12193        8447
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         658        1840        1817
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         558        1677        1679
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                        10249018     8682096    10225696

With Patch 1:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                  6-nothp-1       6-nothp-2       6-nothp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                               11834954     9877523     9774860
Extfrag fragmenting                                    11833993     9876880     9774245
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          7342       16129       11712
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          4191       10547        6270
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         373        1130         923
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         302         906         738
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                        11826278     9859621     9761610

With Patch 2:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                  7-nothp-1       7-nothp-2       7-nothp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                4725990     3668793     3807436
Extfrag fragmenting                                     4725104     3668252     3806898
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          6678        7974        7281
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          2051        3829        4017
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         429        1208        1278
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         369         976        1034
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         4717997     3659070     3798339

With Patch 3:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                  8-nothp-1       8-nothp-2       8-nothp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                5016183     4700142     3850633
Extfrag fragmenting                                     5015325     4699613     3850072
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          1312        3154        3088
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          1115        2777        2714
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         437        1193        1097
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         330         969         879
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         5013576     4695266     3845887

In v2 we've seen apparent regression with Patch 1 for unmovable events,
this is now gone, suggesting it was indeed noise.  Here, each patch
improves the situation for unmovable events.  Reclaimable is improved by
patch 1 and then either the same modulo noise, or perhaps sligtly worse -
a small price for unmovable improvements, IMHO.  The number of movable
allocations falling back to other migratetypes is most noisy, but it's
reduced to half at Patch 2 nevertheless.  These are least critical as
compaction can move them around.

If we look at success rates, the patches don't affect them, that didn't change.

Baseline:
                             3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                            5-nothp-1             5-nothp-2             5-nothp-3
Success 1 Min         49.00 (  0.00%)       42.00 ( 14.29%)       41.00 ( 16.33%)
Success 1 Mean        51.00 (  0.00%)       45.00 ( 11.76%)       42.60 ( 16.47%)
Success 1 Max         55.00 (  0.00%)       51.00 (  7.27%)       46.00 ( 16.36%)
Success 2 Min         53.00 (  0.00%)       47.00 ( 11.32%)       44.00 ( 16.98%)
Success 2 Mean        59.60 (  0.00%)       50.80 ( 14.77%)       48.20 ( 19.13%)
Success 2 Max         64.00 (  0.00%)       56.00 ( 12.50%)       52.00 ( 18.75%)
Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       82.00 (  2.38%)       78.00 (  7.14%)
Success 3 Mean        85.60 (  0.00%)       82.80 (  3.27%)       79.40 (  7.24%)
Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  3.49%)       80.00 (  6.98%)

Patch 1:
                             3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                            6-nothp-1             6-nothp-2             6-nothp-3
Success 1 Min         49.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 ( 10.20%)       44.00 ( 10.20%)
Success 1 Mean        51.80 (  0.00%)       46.00 ( 11.20%)       45.80 ( 11.58%)
Success 1 Max         54.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 (  9.26%)       49.00 (  9.26%)
Success 2 Min         58.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 ( 15.52%)       48.00 ( 17.24%)
Success 2 Mean        60.40 (  0.00%)       51.80 ( 14.24%)       50.80 ( 15.89%)
Success 2 Max         63.00 (  0.00%)       54.00 ( 14.29%)       55.00 ( 12.70%)
Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       81.00 (  3.57%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
Success 3 Mean        85.00 (  0.00%)       81.60 (  4.00%)       79.80 (  6.12%)
Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       82.00 (  4.65%)       82.00 (  4.65%)

Patch 2:

                             3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                            7-nothp-1             7-nothp-2             7-nothp-3
Success 1 Min         50.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 ( 12.00%)       39.00 ( 22.00%)
Success 1 Mean        52.80 (  0.00%)       45.60 ( 13.64%)       42.40 ( 19.70%)
Success 1 Max         55.00 (  0.00%)       46.00 ( 16.36%)       47.00 ( 14.55%)
Success 2 Min         52.00 (  0.00%)       48.00 (  7.69%)       45.00 ( 13.46%)
Success 2 Mean        53.40 (  0.00%)       49.80 (  6.74%)       48.80 (  8.61%)
Success 2 Max         57.00 (  0.00%)       52.00 (  8.77%)       52.00 (  8.77%)
Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       81.00 (  3.57%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
Success 3 Mean        85.00 (  0.00%)       82.40 (  3.06%)       79.60 (  6.35%)
Success 3 Max         86.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  3.49%)       80.00 (  6.98%)

Patch 3:
                             3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4              3.19-rc4
                            8-nothp-1             8-nothp-2             8-nothp-3
Success 1 Min         46.00 (  0.00%)       44.00 (  4.35%)       42.00 (  8.70%)
Success 1 Mean        50.20 (  0.00%)       45.60 (  9.16%)       44.00 ( 12.35%)
Success 1 Max         52.00 (  0.00%)       47.00 (  9.62%)       47.00 (  9.62%)
Success 2 Min         53.00 (  0.00%)       49.00 (  7.55%)       48.00 (  9.43%)
Success 2 Mean        55.80 (  0.00%)       50.60 (  9.32%)       49.00 ( 12.19%)
Success 2 Max         59.00 (  0.00%)       52.00 ( 11.86%)       51.00 ( 13.56%)
Success 3 Min         84.00 (  0.00%)       80.00 (  4.76%)       79.00 (  5.95%)
Success 3 Mean        85.40 (  0.00%)       81.60 (  4.45%)       80.40 (  5.85%)
Success 3 Max         87.00 (  0.00%)       83.00 (  4.60%)       82.00 (  5.75%)

While there's no improvement here, I consider reduced fragmentation events
to be worth on its own.  Patch 2 also seems to reduce scanning for free
pages, and migrations in compaction, suggesting it has somewhat less work
to do:

Patch 1:

Compaction stalls                 4153        3959        3978
Compaction success                1523        1441        1446
Compaction failures               2630        2517        2531
Page migrate success           4600827     4943120     5104348
Page migrate failure             19763       16656       17806
Compaction pages isolated      9597640    10305617    10653541
Compaction migrate scanned    77828948    86533283    87137064
Compaction free scanned      517758295   521312840   521462251
Compaction cost                   5503        5932        6110

Patch 2:

Compaction stalls                 3800        3450        3518
Compaction success                1421        1316        1317
Compaction failures               2379        2134        2201
Page migrate success           4160421     4502708     4752148
Page migrate failure             19705       14340       14911
Compaction pages isolated      8731983     9382374     9910043
Compaction migrate scanned    98362797    96349194    98609686
Compaction free scanned      496512560   469502017   480442545
Compaction cost                   5173        5526        5811

As with v2, /proc/pagetypeinfo appears unaffected with respect to numbers
of unmovable and reclaimable pageblocks.

Configuring the benchmark to allocate like THP page fault (i.e.  no sync
compaction) gives much noisier results for iterations 2 and 3 after
reboot.  This is not so surprising given how [1] offers lower improvements
in this scenario due to less restarts after deferred compaction which
would change compaction pivot.

Baseline:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                    5-thp-1         5-thp-2         5-thp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                8148965     6227815     6646741
Extfrag fragmenting                                     8147872     6227130     6646117
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         10324       12942       15975
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          5972        8495       10907
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         601        1707        2210
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         520        1570        2000
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         8136947     6212481     6627932

Patch 1:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                    6-thp-1         6-thp-2         6-thp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                8345457     7574471     7020419
Extfrag fragmenting                                     8343546     7573777     7019718
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                         10256       18535       30716
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          6893       11726       22181
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         465        1208        1023
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         353         996         843
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         8332825     7554034     6987979

Patch 2:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                    7-thp-1         7-thp-2         7-thp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                3512847     3020756     2891625
Extfrag fragmenting                                     3511940     3020185     2891059
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          9017        6892        6191
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable          1524        3053        2435
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         445        1081        1160
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         375         918         986
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         3502478     3012212     2883708

Patch 3:
                                                   3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4        3.19-rc4
                                                    8-thp-1         8-thp-2         8-thp-3
Page alloc extfrag event                                3181699     3082881     2674164
Extfrag fragmenting                                     3180812     3082303     2673611
Extfrag fragmenting for unmovable                          1201        4031        4040
Extfrag fragmenting unmovable placed with movable           974        3611        3645
Extfrag fragmenting for reclaimable                         478        1165        1294
Extfrag fragmenting reclaimable placed with movable         387         985        1030
Extfrag fragmenting for movable                         3179133     3077107     2668277

The improvements for first iteration are clear, the rest is much noisier
and can appear like regression for Patch 1.  Anyway, patch 2 rectifies it.

Allocation success rates are again unaffected so there's no point in
making this e-mail any longer.

[1] http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=142166196321125&w=2

This patch (of 3):

When __rmqueue_fallback() is called to allocate a page of order X, it will
find a page of order Y >= X of a fallback migratetype, which is different
from the desired migratetype.  With the help of try_to_steal_freepages(),
it may change the migratetype (to the desired one) also of:

1) all currently free pages in the pageblock containing the fallback page
2) the fallback pageblock itself
3) buddy pages created by splitting the fallback page (when Y > X)

These decisions take the order Y into account, as well as the desired
migratetype, with the goal of preventing multiple fallback allocations
that could e.g.  distribute UNMOVABLE allocations among multiple
pageblocks.

Originally, decision for 1) has implied the decision for 3).  Commit
47118af0 ("mm: mmzone: MIGRATE_CMA migration type added") changed that
(probably unintentionally) so that the buddy pages in case 3) are always
changed to the desired migratetype, except for CMA pageblocks.

Commit fef903ef ("mm/page_allo.c: restructure free-page stealing code
and fix a bug") did some refactoring and added a comment that the case of
3) is intended.  Commit 0cbef29a ("mm: __rmqueue_fallback() should
respect pageblock type") removed the comment and tried to restore the
original behavior where 1) implies 3), but due to the previous
refactoring, the result is instead that only 2) implies 3) - and the
conditions for 2) are less frequently met than conditions for 1).  This
may increase fragmentation in situations where the code decides to steal
all free pages from the pageblock (case 1)), but then gives back the buddy
pages produced by splitting.

This patch restores the original intended logic where 1) implies 3).
During testing with stress-highalloc from mmtests, this has shown to
decrease the number of events where UNMOVABLE and RECLAIMABLE allocations
steal from MOVABLE pageblocks, which can lead to permanent fragmentation.
In some cases it has increased the number of events when MOVABLE
allocations steal from UNMOVABLE or RECLAIMABLE pageblocks, but these are
fixable by sync compaction and thus less harmful.

Note that evaluation has shown that the behavior introduced by
47118af0 for buddy pages in case 3) is actually even better than the
original logic, so the following patch will introduce it properly once
again.  For stable backports of this patch it makes thus sense to only fix
versions containing 0cbef29a.

[iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com: tracepoint fix]
Signed-off-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.13+ containing 0cbef29a]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patch makes do_mincore() use walk_page_vma(), which reduces many
lines of code by using common page table walk code.

[daeseok.youn@gmail.com: remove unneeded variable 'err']
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NDaeseok Youn <daeseok.youn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently pagewalker splits all THP pages on any clear_refs request.  It's
not necessary.  We can handle this on PMD level.

One side effect is that soft dirty will potentially see more dirty memory,
since we will mark whole THP page dirty at once.

Sanity checked with CRIU test suite. More testing is required.
Signed-off-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

walk_page_range() silently skips vma having VM_PFNMAP set, which leads to
undesirable behaviour at client end (who called walk_page_range).  For
example for pagemap_read(), when no callbacks are called against VM_PFNMAP
vma, pagemap_read() may prepare pagemap data for next virtual address
range at wrong index.  That could confuse and/or break userspace
applications.

This patch avoid this misbehavior caused by vma(VM_PFNMAP) like follows:
- for pagemap_read() which has its own ->pte_hole(), call the ->pte_hole()
  over vma(VM_PFNMAP),
- for clear_refs and queue_pages which have their own ->tests_walk,
  just return 1 and skip vma(VM_PFNMAP). This is no problem because
  these are not interested in hole regions,
- for other callers, just skip the vma(VM_PFNMAP) as a default behavior.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: NShiraz Hashim <shashim@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

queue_pages_range() does page table walking in its own way now, but there
is some code duplicate.  This patch applies page table walker to reduce
lines of code.

queue_pages_range() has to do some precheck to determine whether we really
walk over the vma or just skip it.  Now we have test_walk() callback in
mm_walk for this purpose, so we can do this replacement cleanly.
queue_pages_test_walk() depends on not only the current vma but also the
previous one, so queue_pages->prev is introduced to remember it.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

We don't have to use mm_walk->private to pass vma to the callback function
because of mm_walk->vma.  And walk_page_vma() is useful if we walk over a
single vma.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pagewalk.c can handle vma in itself, so we don't have to pass vma via
walk->private.  And both of mem_cgroup_count_precharge() and
mem_cgroup_move_charge() do for each vma loop themselves, but now it's
done in pagewalk.c, so let's clean up them.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pagewalk.c can handle vma in itself, so we don't have to pass vma via
walk->private.  And show_numa_map() walks pages on vma basis, so using
walk_page_vma() is preferable.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Just doing s/gather_hugetbl_stats/gather_hugetlb_stats/g, this makes code
grep-friendly.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Page table walker has the information of the current vma in mm_walk, so we
don't have to call find_vma() in each pagemap_(pte|hugetlb)_range() call
any longer.  Currently pagemap_pte_range() does vma loop itself, so this
patch reduces many lines of code.

NULL-vma check is omitted because we assume that we never run these
callbacks on any address outside vma.  And even if it were broken, NULL
pointer dereference would be detected, so we can get enough information
for debugging.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

clear_refs_write() has some prechecks to determine if we really walk over
a given vma.  Now we have a test_walk() callback to filter vmas, so let's
utilize it.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pagewalk.c can handle vma in itself, so we don't have to pass vma via
walk->private.  And show_smap() walks pages on vma basis, so using
walk_page_vma() is preferable.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce walk_page_vma(), which is useful for the callers which want to
walk over a given vma.  It's used by later patches.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Current implementation of page table walker has a fundamental problem in
vma handling, which started when we tried to handle vma(VM_HUGETLB).
Because it's done in pgd loop, considering vma boundary makes code
complicated and bug-prone.

From the users viewpoint, some user checks some vma-related condition to
determine whether the user really does page walk over the vma.

In order to solve these, this patch moves vma check outside pgd loop and
introduce a new callback ->test_walk().
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently no user of page table walker sets ->pgd_entry() or
->pud_entry(), so checking their existence in each loop is just wasting
CPU cycle.  So let's remove it to reduce overhead.
Signed-off-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Lockless access to pte in pagemap_pte_range() might race with page
migration and trigger BUG_ON(!PageLocked()) in migration_entry_to_page():

CPU A (pagemap)                           CPU B (migration)
                                          lock_page()
                                          try_to_unmap(page, TTU_MIGRATION...)
                                               make_migration_entry()
                                               set_pte_at()
<read *pte>
pte_to_pagemap_entry()
                                          remove_migration_ptes()
                                          unlock_page()
    if(is_migration_entry())
        migration_entry_to_page()
            BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page))

Also lockless read might be non-atomic if pte is larger than wordsize.
Other pte walkers (smaps, numa_maps, clear_refs) already lock ptes.

Fixes: 052fb0d6 ("proc: report file/anon bit in /proc/pid/pagemap")
Signed-off-by: NKonstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Reported-by: NAndrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: NNaoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.5+]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use the more generic get_user_pages_unlocked which has the additional
benefit of passing FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY at the very first page fault
(which allows the first page fault in an unmapped area to be always able
to block indefinitely by being allowed to release the mmap_sem).
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NAndres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This allows those get_user_pages calls to pass FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY to
the page fault in order to release the mmap_sem during the I/O.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This allows the get_user_pages_fast slow path to release the mmap_sem
before blocking.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Some callers (like KVM) may want to set the gup_flags like FOLL_HWPOSION
to get a proper -EHWPOSION retval instead of -EFAULT to take a more
appropriate action if get_user_pages runs into a memory failure.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY allows the page fault to drop the mmap_sem for
reading to reduce the mmap_sem contention (for writing), like while
waiting for I/O completion.  The problem is that right now practically no
get_user_pages call uses FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY, so we're not leveraging
that nifty feature.

Andres fixed it for the KVM page fault.  However get_user_pages_fast
remains uncovered, and 99% of other get_user_pages aren't using it either
(the only exception being FOLL_NOWAIT in KVM which is really nonblocking
and in fact it doesn't even release the mmap_sem).

So this patchsets extends the optimization Andres did in the KVM page
fault to the whole kernel.  It makes most important places (including
gup_fast) to use FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY to reduce the mmap_sem hold times
during I/O.

The only few places that remains uncovered are drivers like v4l and other
exceptions that tends to work on their own memory and they're not working
on random user memory (for example like O_DIRECT that uses gup_fast and is
fully covered by this patch).

A follow up patch should probably also add a printk_once warning to
get_user_pages that should go obsolete and be phased out eventually.  The
"vmas" parameter of get_user_pages makes it fundamentally incompatible
with FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY (vmas array becomes meaningless the moment the
mmap_sem is released).

While this is just an optimization, this becomes an absolute requirement
for the userfaultfd feature http://lwn.net/Articles/615086/ .

The userfaultfd allows to block the page fault, and in order to do so I
need to drop the mmap_sem first.  So this patch also ensures that all
memory where userfaultfd could be registered by KVM, the very first fault
(no matter if it is a regular page fault, or a get_user_pages) always has
FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY set.  Then the userfaultfd blocks and it is waken
only when the pagetable is already mapped.  The second fault attempt after
the wakeup doesn't need FAULT_FOLL_ALLOW_RETRY, so it's ok to retry
without it.

This patch (of 5):

We can leverage the VM_FAULT_RETRY functionality in the page fault paths
better by using either get_user_pages_locked or get_user_pages_unlocked.

The former allows conversion of get_user_pages invocations that will have
to pass a "&locked" parameter to know if the mmap_sem was dropped during
the call.  Example from:

    down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
    do_something()
    get_user_pages(tsk, mm, ..., pages, NULL);
    up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

to:

    int locked = 1;
    down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
    do_something()
    get_user_pages_locked(tsk, mm, ..., pages, &locked);
    if (locked)
        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

The latter is suitable only as a drop in replacement of the form:

    down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
    get_user_pages(tsk, mm, ..., pages, NULL);
    up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);

into:

    get_user_pages_unlocked(tsk, mm, ..., pages);

Where tsk, mm, the intermediate "..." paramters and "pages" can be any
value as before.  Just the last parameter of get_user_pages (vmas) must be
NULL for get_user_pages_locked|unlocked to be usable (the latter original
form wouldn't have been safe anyway if vmas wasn't null, for the former we
just make it explicit by dropping the parameter).

If vmas is not NULL these two methods cannot be used.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NAndres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NKirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>