On Intel platforms machine check exceptions are always broadcast to
all CPUs.  This patch makes the machine check handler synchronize all
these machine checks, elect a Monarch to handle the event and collect
the worst event from all CPUs and then process it first.

This has some advantages:

- When there is a truly data corrupting error the system panics as
  quickly as possible. This improves containment of corrupted
  data and makes sure the corrupted data never hits stable storage.

- The panics are synchronized and do not reenter the panic code
  on multiple CPUs (which currently does not handle this well).

- All the errors are reported. Currently it often happens that
  another CPU happens to do the panic first, but reports useless
  information (empty machine check) because the real error
  happened on another CPU which came in later.
  This is a big advantage on Nehalem where the 8 threads per CPU
  lead to often the wrong CPU winning the race and dumping
  useless information on a machine check.  The problem also occurs
  in a less severe form on older CPUs.

- The system can detect when no CPUs detected a machine check
  and shut down the system.  This can happen when one CPU is so
  badly hung that that it cannot process a machine check anymore
  or when some external agent wants to stop the system by
  asserting the machine check pin.  This follows Intel hardware
  recommendations.

- This matches the recommended error model by the CPU designers.

- The events can be output in true severity order

- When a panic happens on another CPU it makes sure to be actually
  be able to process the stop IPI by enabling interrupts.

The code is extremly careful to handle timeouts while waiting
for other CPUs. It can't rely on the normal timing mechanisms
(jiffies, ktime_get) because of its asynchronous/lockless nature,
so it uses own timeouts using ndelay() and a "SPINUNIT"

The timeout is configurable. By default it waits for upto one
second for the other CPUs.  This can be also disabled.

From some informal testing AMD systems do not see to broadcast
machine checks, so right now it's always disabled by default on
non Intel CPUs or also on very old Intel systems.

Includes fixes from Ying Huang
Fixed a "ecception" in a comment (H.Seto)
Moved global_nwo reset later based on suggestion from H.Seto
v2: Avoid duplicate messages

[ Impact: feature, fixes long standing problems. ]
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Document that check_interval set to 0 means no polling.
Noticed by Hidetoshi Seto

Also add a reference from boot options to the sysfs tunables
Acked-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NHidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

cgroup documentation was moved to Documentation/cgroups/. There are some
places that still refer to Documentation/controllers/,
Documentation/cgroups.txt and Documentation/cpusets.txt. Fix those.
Signed-off-by: NThadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@holoscopio.com>
Reviewed-by: NLi Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NPaul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

[ mingo: small edits and extensions. ]
Signed-off-by: NYinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Sarah Sharp <sarah.a.sharp@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <49AF18B7.4050305@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Modify field names to the right ones:

 - start_sys was changed to start_sys_seg
 - iinitrd_addr_max was changed to ramdisk_max
 - pad2 was changed to pad2 and pad3
 - readmode_swtch was changed to realmode_swtch
Signed-off-by: NBaodong Chen <[email]chenbdchenbd@gmail.com[email]>
Acked-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: documentation

Update the boot protocol specification to include the currently
supported file formats and their magic numbers.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Update several Documentation/ files and a few sub-dir files (only one
change in each) to reflect changed header files locations.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NBaodong Chen <[email]chenbdchenbd@gmail.com[email]>
Acked-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: Documentation only.

Documentation updates as per Randy Dunlap's comments.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: Documentation only.

Add documentation related to pgprot_* change.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Impact: clarify documentation

Documentation/x86/boot.txt describes payload_offset as the offset
from the end of the real-mode code. In fact, it is more accurately
described as the offset from the beginning of the protected-mode
code, as (a) this is how it is actually calculated and (b) the padding
after the real-mode code is not included in the offset.
Signed-off-by: NPhilipp Kohlbecher <xt28@gmx.de>
Acked-by: NIan Campbell <ijc@hellion.org.uk>
Acked-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: documentation fix

I met okuji-san (GRUB maintainer) yesterday.
He said GRuB isn't correct spelled and he want to fix it.
Signed-off-by: NKOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: documentation update

Commit a6523748
(paravirt/x86, 64-bit: move __PAGE_OFFSET to leave a space for hypervisor)
changed address space without changing the documentation.

Change it according to the code change -- direct mapping start:
ffff810000000000 => ffff880000000000 which gives 57 TiB, something
between 45 and 46 bits.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Impact: documentation update

1) nmi_watchdog boot parameter is common to 32/64 bit modes. So
   move it from Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt to
   Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt and integrate with.

2) Also fix [panic] keyword placement -- it ought to be at first
   position otherwise it will not be recognized.

3) Document lapic and ioapic keywords.
Signed-off-by: NCyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The Documentation/i386 and Documentation/x86_64 directories and their
contents have been moved into Documentation/x86. Fix references to
those files accordingly.
Signed-off-by: NUwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

This patch against tip/x86/iommu virtually reverts
2842e5bf. But just reverting the
commit breaks AMD IOMMU so this patch also includes some fixes.

The above commit adds new two options to x86 IOMMU generic kernel boot
options, fullflush and nofullflush. But such change that affects all
the IOMMUs needs more discussion (all IOMMU parties need the chance to
discuss it):

http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/19/106Signed-off-by: NFUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: NJoerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The GART currently implements the iommu=[no]fullflush command line
parameters which influence its IO/TLB flushing strategy. This patch
makes these parameters generic so that they can be used by the AMD IOMMU
too.
Signed-off-by: NJoerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Commit ecd29476 removed the
"disable_8254_timer" and "enable_8254_timer" kernel parameters from
the kernel but did not remove the references to them from two
files in the Documentation directory: kernel-parameters.txt and
x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt.

This change completes the removal.
Signed-off-by: NLuiz Fernando N. Capitulino <lcapitulino@mandriva.com.br>
Acked-by: NMaciej W. Rozycki <macro@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Documentation update for PAT. Reflect the latest API details.
Also, adds details about ways to get more info in order to debug PAT.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

Move mtrr.txt to the Documentation/x86/ subdirectory.
Add 00-INDEX to the Documentation/x86/ subdirectory.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The start_sys field is two bytes, not four.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

The boot protocol, USB legacy support, and zero-page documentation is
common to the x86 platform, not i386-specific.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Applies on top of the previous patch:
  x86 boot: add code to add BIOS provided EFI memory entries to kernel

Instead of always adding EFI memory map entries (if present) to the
memory map after initially finding either E820 BIOS memory map entries
and/or kernel command line memmap entries, -instead- only add such
additional EFI memory map entries if the kernel boot option:

    add_efi_memmap

is specified.

Requiring this 'add_efi_memmap' option is backward compatible with
kernels that didn't load such additional EFI memory map entries in
the first place, and it doesn't override a configuration that tries
to replace all E820 or EFI BIOS memory map entries with ones given
entirely on the kernel command line.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: "Yinghai Lu" <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Cc: "Jack Steiner" <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: "Mike Travis" <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: "Huang
Cc: Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: "Andi Kleen" <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: "Andrew Morton" <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The current organization of the x86 documentation makes it appear as
if the "i386" documentation doesn't apply to x86-64, which is does.
Thus, move that documentation into Documentation/x86, and move the
x86-64-specific stuff into Documentation/x86/x86_64 with the eventual
goal to move stuff that isn't actually 64-bit specific back into
Documentation/x86.
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

Documentation about PAT related interfaces, intended usage and memory attribute
relationship.
Signed-off-by: NVenkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NSuresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>