A sequence of pairs [class_idx -> corresponding chain_key iteration]
is printed for both the current held_lock chain and the cached chain.

That exposes the two different class_idx sequences that led to that
particular hash value.

This helps with debugging hash chain collision reports.
Signed-off-by: NAlfredo Alvarez Fernandez <alfredoalvarezfernandez@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: sedat.dilek@gmail.com
Cc: tytso@mit.edu
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1459357416-19190-1-git-send-email-alfredoalvarezernandez@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

$ make tags
  GEN     tags
ctags: Warning: drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c:64: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: drivers/xen/events/events_2l.c:41: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:151: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:133: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:135: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: kernel/workqueue.c:323: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/ipv4/syncookies.c:53: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/ipv6/syncookies.c:44: null expansion of name pattern "\1"
ctags: Warning: net/rds/page.c:45: null expansion of name pattern "\1"

Which are all the result of the DEFINE_PER_CPU pattern:

  scripts/tags.sh:200:	'/\<DEFINE_PER_CPU([^,]*, *\([[:alnum:]_]*\)/\1/v/'
  scripts/tags.sh:201:	'/\<DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED([^,]*, *\([[:alnum:]_]*\)/\1/v/'

The below cures them. All except the workqueue one are within reasonable
distance of the 80 char limit. TJ do you have any preference on how to
fix the wq one, or shall we just not care its too long?
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: NRafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add detection for chain_key collision under CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCKDEP.
When a collision is detected the problem is reported and all lock
debugging is turned off.

Tested using liblockdep and the added tests before and after
applying the fix, confirming both that the code added for the
detection correctly reports the problem and that the fix actually
fixes it.

Tested tweaking lockdep to generate false collisions and
verified that the problem is reported and that lock debugging is
turned off.

Also tested with lockdep's test suite after applying the patch:

    [    0.000000] Good, all 253 testcases passed! |
Signed-off-by: NAlfredo Alvarez Fernandez <alfredoalvarezernandez@gmail.com>
Cc: Alfredo Alvarez Fernandez <alfredoalvarezfernandez@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: sasha.levin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455864533-7536-4-git-send-email-alfredoalvarezernandez@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The chain_key hashing macro iterate_chain_key(key1, key2) does not
generate a new different value if both key1 and key2 are 0. In that
case the generated value is again 0. This can lead to collisions which
can result in lockdep not detecting deadlocks or circular
dependencies.

Avoid the problem by using class_idx (1-based) instead of class id
(0-based) as an input for the hashing macro 'key2' in
iterate_chain_key(key1, key2).

The use of class id created collisions in cases like the following:

1.- Consider an initial state in which no class has been acquired yet.
Under these circumstances an AA deadlock will not be detected by
lockdep:

  lock  [key1,key2]->new key  (key1=old chain_key, key2=id)
  --------------------------
  A     [0,0]->0
  A     [0,0]->0 (collision)

  The newly generated chain_key collides with the one used before and as
  a result the check for a deadlock is skipped

  A simple test using liblockdep and a pthread mutex confirms the
  problem: (omitting stack traces)

    new class 0xe15038: 0x7ffc64950f20
    acquire class [0xe15038] 0x7ffc64950f20
    acquire class [0xe15038] 0x7ffc64950f20
    hash chain already cached, key: 0000000000000000 tail class:
    [0xe15038] 0x7ffc64950f20

2.- Consider an ABBA in 2 different tasks and no class yet acquired.

  T1 [key1,key2]->new key     T2[key1,key2]->new key
  --                          --
  A [0,0]->0

                              B [0,1]->1

  B [0,1]->1  (collision)

                              A

In this case the collision prevents lockdep from creating the new
dependency A->B. This in turn results in lockdep not detecting the
circular dependency when T2 acquires A.
Signed-off-by: NAlfredo Alvarez Fernandez <alfredoalvarezernandez@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: sasha.levin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455147212-2389-4-git-send-email-alfredoalvarezernandez@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Mike said:

: CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT breaks x86-64 kernel with lockdep enabled, i.  e
: kernel with CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT fails to load without even any error
: message.
:
: The problem is that ubsan callbacks use spinlocks and might be called
: before lockdep is initialized.  Particularly this line in the
: reserve_ebda_region function causes problem:
:
: lowmem = *(unsigned short *)__va(BIOS_LOWMEM_KILOBYTES);
:
: If i put lockdep_init() before reserve_ebda_region call in
: x86_64_start_reservations kernel loads well.

Fix this ordering issue permanently: change lockdep so that it uses
hlists for the hash tables.  Unlike a list_head, an hlist_head is in its
initialized state when it is all-zeroes, so lockdep is ready for
operation immediately upon boot - lockdep_init() need not have run.

The patch will also save some memory.

lockdep_init() and lockdep_initialized can be done away with now - a 4.6
patch has been prepared to do this.
Reported-by: NMike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: NMike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Lockdep is initialized at compile time now.  Get rid of lockdep_init().
Signed-off-by: NAndrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: mm-commits@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Mike said:

: CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT breaks x86-64 kernel with lockdep enabled, i.e.
: kernel with CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT=y fails to load without even any error
: message.
:
: The problem is that ubsan callbacks use spinlocks and might be called
: before lockdep is initialized.  Particularly this line in the
: reserve_ebda_region function causes problem:
:
: lowmem = *(unsigned short *)__va(BIOS_LOWMEM_KILOBYTES);
:
: If i put lockdep_init() before reserve_ebda_region call in
: x86_64_start_reservations kernel loads well.

Fix this ordering issue permanently: change lockdep so that it uses hlists
for the hash tables.  Unlike a list_head, an hlist_head is in its
initialized state when it is all-zeroes, so lockdep is ready for operation
immediately upon boot - lockdep_init() need not have run.

The patch will also save some memory.

Probably lockdep_init() and lockdep_initialized can be done away with now.
Suggested-by: NMike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com>
Reported-by: NMike Krinkin <krinkin.m.u@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: mm-commits@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

check_prev_add() caches saved stack trace in static trace variable
to avoid duplicate save_trace() calls in dependencies involving trylocks.
But that caching logic contains a bug. We may not save trace on first
iteration due to early return from check_prev_add(). Then on the
second iteration when we actually need the trace we don't save it
because we think that we've already saved it.

Let check_prev_add() itself control when stack is saved.

There is another bug. Trace variable is protected by graph lock.
But we can temporary release graph lock during printing.

Fix this by invalidating cached stack trace when we release graph lock.
Signed-off-by: NDmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: glider@google.com
Cc: kcc@google.com
Cc: peter@hurleysoftware.com
Cc: sasha.levin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454593240-121647-1-git-send-email-dvyukov@google.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

There were still a number of references to my old Red Hat email
address in the kernel source. Remove these while keeping the
Red Hat copyright notices intact.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vince Weaver <vincent.weaver@maine.edu>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

mm, page_alloc: distinguish between being unable to sleep, unwilling to sleep and avoiding waking kswapd

__GFP_WAIT has been used to identify atomic context in callers that hold
spinlocks or are in interrupts.  They are expected to be high priority and
have access one of two watermarks lower than "min" which can be referred
to as the "atomic reserve".  __GFP_HIGH users get access to the first
lower watermark and can be called the "high priority reserve".

Over time, callers had a requirement to not block when fallback options
were available.  Some have abused __GFP_WAIT leading to a situation where
an optimisitic allocation with a fallback option can access atomic
reserves.

This patch uses __GFP_ATOMIC to identify callers that are truely atomic,
cannot sleep and have no alternative.  High priority users continue to use
__GFP_HIGH.  __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM identifies callers that can sleep and
are willing to enter direct reclaim.  __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM to identify
callers that want to wake kswapd for background reclaim.  __GFP_WAIT is
redefined as a caller that is willing to enter direct reclaim and wake
kswapd for background reclaim.

This patch then converts a number of sites

o __GFP_ATOMIC is used by callers that are high priority and have memory
  pools for those requests. GFP_ATOMIC uses this flag.

o Callers that have a limited mempool to guarantee forward progress clear
  __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM but keep __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM. bio allocations fall
  into this category where kswapd will still be woken but atomic reserves
  are not used as there is a one-entry mempool to guarantee progress.

o Callers that are checking if they are non-blocking should use the
  helper gfpflags_allow_blocking() where possible. This is because
  checking for __GFP_WAIT as was done historically now can trigger false
  positives. Some exceptions like dm-crypt.c exist where the code intent
  is clearer if __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM is used instead of the helper due to
  flag manipulations.

o Callers that built their own GFP flags instead of starting with GFP_KERNEL
  and friends now also need to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.

The first key hazard to watch out for is callers that removed __GFP_WAIT
and was depending on access to atomic reserves for inconspicuous reasons.
In some cases it may be appropriate for them to use __GFP_HIGH.

The second key hazard is callers that assembled their own combination of
GFP flags instead of starting with something like GFP_KERNEL.  They may
now wish to specify __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM.  It's almost certainly harmless
if it's missed in most cases as other activity will wake kswapd.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: NVlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Various people reported hitting the "unpinning an unpinned lock"
warning. As it turns out there are 2 places where we take a lock out
of the middle of a stack, and in those cases it would fail to preserve
the pin_count when rebuilding the lock stack.
Reported-by: NSasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Reported-by: NTim Spriggs <tspriggs@apple.com>
Tested-by: NSasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: davej@codemonkey.org.uk
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150916141040.GA11639@twins.programming.kicks-ass.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Add a lockdep annotation that WARNs if you 'accidentially' unlock a
lock.

This is especially helpful for code with callbacks, where the upper
layer assumes a lock remains taken but a lower layer thinks it maybe
can drop and reacquire the lock.

By unwittingly breaking up the lock, races can be introduced.

Lock pinning is a lockdep annotation that helps with this, when you
lockdep_pin_lock() a held lock, any unlock without a
lockdep_unpin_lock() will produce a WARN. Think of this as a relative
of lockdep_assert_held(), except you don't only assert its held now,
but ensure it stays held until you release your assertion.

RFC: a possible alternative API would be something like:

  int cookie = lockdep_pin_lock(&foo);
  ...
  lockdep_unpin_lock(&foo, cookie);

Where we pick a random number for the pin_count; this makes it
impossible to sneak a lock break in without also passing the right
cookie along.

I've not done this because it ends up generating code for !LOCKDEP,
esp. if you need to pass the cookie around for some reason.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124743.906731065@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

lock_release() takes this nested argument that's mostly pointless
these days, remove the implementation but leave the argument a
rudiment for now.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: ktkhai@parallels.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: juri.lelli@gmail.com
Cc: pang.xunlei@linaro.org
Cc: oleg@redhat.com
Cc: wanpeng.li@linux.intel.com
Cc: umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150611124743.840411606@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

The lock_class iteration of /proc/lock_stat is not serialized against
the lockdep_free_key_range() call from module unload.

Therefore it can happen that we find a class of which ->name/->key are
no longer valid.

There is a further bug in zap_class() that left ->name dangling. Cure
this. Use RCU_INIT_POINTER() because NULL.

Since lockdep_free_key_range() is rcu_sched serialized, we can read
both ->name and ->key under rcu_read_lock_sched() (preempt-disable)
and be assured that if we observe a !NULL value it stays safe to use
for as long as we hold that lock.

If we observe both NULL, skip the entry.
Reported-by: NJerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Tested-by: NJerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150602105013.GS3644@twins.programming.kicks-ass.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Remove the line-break in the user-visible string and add the
missing space in this error message:

  WARNING: lockdep init error! lock-(console_sem).lock was acquiredbefore lockdep_init

Also:

  - don't yell, it's just a debug warning

  - denote references to function calls with '()'

  - standardize the lock name quoting

  - and finish the sentence.

The result:

  WARNING: lockdep init error: lock '(console_sem).lock' was acquired before lockdep_init().
Signed-off-by: NBorislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150602133827.GD19887@pd.tnic
[ Added a few more stylistic tweaks to the error message. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

During sysrq's show-held-locks command it is possible that
hlock_class() returns NULL for a given lock. The result is then (after
the warning):

	|BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000001c
	|IP: [<c1088145>] get_usage_chars+0x5/0x100
	|Call Trace:
	| [<c1088263>] print_lock_name+0x23/0x60
	| [<c1576b57>] print_lock+0x5d/0x7e
	| [<c1088314>] lockdep_print_held_locks+0x74/0xe0
	| [<c1088652>] debug_show_all_locks+0x132/0x1b0
	| [<c1315c48>] sysrq_handle_showlocks+0x8/0x10

This *might* happen because the thread on the other CPU drops the lock
after we are looking ->lockdep_depth and ->held_locks points no longer
to a lock that is held.

The fix here is to simply ignore it and continue.
Reported-by: NAndreas Messerschmid <andreas@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Module unload calls lockdep_free_key_range(), which removes entries
from the data structures. Most of the lockdep code OTOH assumes the
data structures are append only; in specific see the comments in
add_lock_to_list() and look_up_lock_class().

Clearly this has only worked by accident; make it work proper. The
actual scenario to make it go boom would involve the memory freed by
the module unlock being re-allocated and re-used for a lock inside of
a rcu-sched grace period. This is a very unlikely scenario, still
better plug the hole.

Use RCU list iteration in all places and ammend the comments.

Change lockdep_free_key_range() to issue a sync_sched() between
removal from the lists and returning -- which results in the memory
being freed. Further ensure the callers are placed correctly and
comment the requirements.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrey Tsyvarev <tsyvarev@ispras.ru>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Commit f0bab73c ("locking/lockdep: Restrict the use of recursive
read_lock() with qrwlock") changed lockdep to try and conform to the
qrwlock semantics which differ from the traditional rwlock semantics.

In particular qrwlock is fair outside of interrupt context, but in
interrupt context readers will ignore all fairness.

The problem modeling this is that read and write side have different
lock state (interrupts) semantics but we only have a single
representation of these. Therefore lockdep will get confused, thinking
the lock can cause interrupt lock inversions.

So revert it for now; the old rwlock semantics were already imperfectly
modeled and the qrwlock extra won't fit either.

If we want to properly fix this, I think we need to resurrect the work
by Gautham did a few years ago that split the read and write state of
locks:

   http://lwn.net/Articles/332801/

FWIW the locking selftest that would've failed (and was reported by
Borislav earlier) is something like:

  RL(X1);	/* IRQ-ON */
  LOCK(A);
  UNLOCK(A);
  RU(X1);

  IRQ_ENTER();
  RL(X1);	/* IN-IRQ */
  RU(X1);
  IRQ_EXIT();

At which point it would report that because A is an IRQ-unsafe lock we
can suffer the following inversion:

	CPU0		CPU1

	lock(A)
			lock(X1)
			lock(A)
	<IRQ>
	 lock(X1)

And this is 'wrong' because X1 can recurse (assuming the above lock are
in fact read-lock) but lockdep doesn't know about this.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Cc: ego@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: bp@alien8.de
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140930132600.GA7444@worktop.programming.kicks-ass.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Unlike the original unfair rwlock implementation, queued rwlock
will grant lock according to the chronological sequence of the lock
requests except when the lock requester is in the interrupt context.
Consequently, recursive read_lock calls will now hang the process if
there is a write_lock call somewhere in between the read_lock calls.

This patch updates the lockdep implementation to look for recursive
read_lock calls. A new read state (3) is used to mark those read_lock
call that cannot be recursively called except in the interrupt
context. The new read state does exhaust the 2 bits available in
held_lock:read bit field. The addition of any new read state in the
future may require a redesign of how all those bits are squeezed
together in the held_lock structure.
Signed-off-by: NWaiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1407345722-61615-2-git-send-email-Waiman.Long@hp.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

When lockdep turns itself off, the following message is logged:

  Please attach the output of /proc/lock_stat to the bug report

Omit this message when CONFIG_LOCK_STAT is off, and /proc/lock_stat
doesn't exist.
Signed-off-by: NAndreas Gruenbacher <andreas.gruenbacher@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1405451452-3824-1-git-send-email-andreas.gruenbacher@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

As requested by Linus add explicit __visible to the asmlinkage users.
This marks functions visible to assembler.

Tree sweep for rest of tree.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1398984278-29319-4-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.orgSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

Can be called from assembler code.

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1391845930-28580-6-git-send-email-ak@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

lockdep_sys_exit can be called from assembler code, so make it
asmlinkage.

Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1391845930-28580-5-git-send-email-ak@linux.intel.comSigned-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

The __lockdep_no_validate check in mark_held_locks() adds the subtle
and (afaics) unnecessary difference between no-validate and check==0.
And this looks even more inconsistent because __lock_acquire() skips
mark_irqflags()->mark_lock() if !check.

Change mark_held_locks() to check hlock->check instead.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140120182013.GA26505@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Test-case:

	DEFINE_MUTEX(m1);
	DEFINE_MUTEX(m2);
	DEFINE_MUTEX(mx);

	void lockdep_should_complain(void)
	{
		lockdep_set_novalidate_class(&mx);

		// m1 -> mx -> m2
		mutex_lock(&m1);
		mutex_lock(&mx);
		mutex_lock(&m2);
		mutex_unlock(&m2);
		mutex_unlock(&mx);
		mutex_unlock(&m1);

		// m2 -> m1 ; should trigger the warning
		mutex_lock(&m2);
		mutex_lock(&m1);
		mutex_unlock(&m1);
		mutex_unlock(&m2);
	}

this doesn't trigger any warning, lockdep can't detect the trivial
deadlock.

This is because lock(&mx) correctly avoids m1 -> mx dependency, it
skips validate_chain() due to mx->check == 0. But lock(&m2) wrongly
adds mx -> m2 and thus m1 -> m2 is not created.

rcu_lock_acquire()->lock_acquire(check => 0) is fine due to read == 2,
so currently only __lockdep_no_validate__ can trigger this problem.
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140120182010.GA26498@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The "int check" argument of lock_acquire() and held_lock->check are
misleading. This is actually a boolean: 2 means "true", everything
else is "false".

And there is no need to pass 1 or 0 to lock_acquire() depending on
CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, __lock_acquire() checks prove_locking at the
start and clears "check" if !CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING.

Note: probably we can simply kill this member/arg. The only explicit
user of check => 0 is rcu_lock_acquire(), perhaps we can change it to
use lock_acquire(trylock =>, read => 2). __lockdep_no_validate means
check => 0 implicitly, but we can change validate_chain() to check
hlock->instance->key instead. Not to mention it would be nice to get
rid of lockdep_set_novalidate_class().
Signed-off-by: NOleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140120182006.GA26495@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Lockdep is an awesome piece of code which detects locking issues
which are relevant both to userspace and kernelspace. We can
easily make lockdep work in userspace since there is really no
kernel spacific magic going on in the code.

All we need is to wrap two functions which are used by lockdep
and are very kernel specific.

Doing that will allow tools located in tools/ to easily utilize
lockdep's code for their own use.
Signed-off-by: NSasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: penberg@kernel.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1352753446-24109-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

There are new Sparse warnings:

  >> kernel/locking/lockdep.c:1235:15: sparse: symbol '__lockdep_count_forward_deps' was not declared. Should it be static?
  >> kernel/locking/lockdep.c:1261:15: sparse: symbol '__lockdep_count_backward_deps' was not declared. Should it be static?

Please consider folding the attached diff :-)
Signed-off-by: NFengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/527d1787.ThzXGoUspZWehFDl\%fengguang.wu@intel.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Suggested-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-wl7s3tta5isufzfguc23et06@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

The old rcu_is_cpu_idle() function is just __rcu_is_watching() with
preemption disabled.  This commit therefore renames rcu_is_cpu_idle()
to rcu_is_watching.
Signed-off-by: NPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NJosh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>

The only existing caller to debug_check_no_locks_held calls it
with 'current' as the task, and the freezer needs to call
debug_check_no_locks_held but doesn't already have a current
task pointer, so remove the argument.  It is already assuming
that the current task is relevant by dumping the current stack
trace as part of the warning.

This was originally part of 6aa97070 (lockdep: check that
no locks held at freeze time) which was reverted in
dbf520a9.

Original-author: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NPavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Acked-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: NColin Cross <ccross@android.com>
Signed-off-by: NRafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>

Also add some missing printk levels.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130425174002.GA26769@redhat.com
[ Tweaked the messages a bit. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

We occasionally get reports of these BUGs being hit, and the
stack trace doesn't necessarily always tell us what we need to
know about why we are hitting those limits.

If users start attaching /proc/lock_stats to reports we may have
more of a clue what's going on.
Signed-off-by: NDave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130423163403.GA12839@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Signed-off-by: NHong Zhiguo <honkiko@gmail.com>
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1365058881-4044-1-git-send-email-honkiko@gmail.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

This reverts commit 6aa97070.

Commit 6aa97070 ("lockdep: check that no locks held at freeze time")
causes problems with NFS root filesystems.  The failures were noticed on
OMAP2 and 3 boards during kernel init:

  [ BUG: swapper/0/1 still has locks held! ]
  3.9.0-rc3-00344-ga937536b #1 Not tainted
  -------------------------------------
  1 lock held by swapper/0/1:
   #0:  (&type->s_umount_key#13/1){+.+.+.}, at: [<c011e84c>] sget+0x248/0x574

  stack backtrace:
    rpc_wait_bit_killable
    __wait_on_bit
    out_of_line_wait_on_bit
    __rpc_execute
    rpc_run_task
    rpc_call_sync
    nfs_proc_get_root
    nfs_get_root
    nfs_fs_mount_common
    nfs_try_mount
    nfs_fs_mount
    mount_fs
    vfs_kern_mount
    do_mount
    sys_mount
    do_mount_root
    mount_root
    prepare_namespace
    kernel_init_freeable
    kernel_init

Although the rootfs mounts, the system is unstable.  Here's a transcript
from a PM test:

  http://www.pwsan.com/omap/testlogs/test_v3.9-rc3/20130317194234/pm/37xxevm/37xxevm_log.txt

Here's what the test log should look like:

  http://www.pwsan.com/omap/testlogs/test_v3.8/20130218214403/pm/37xxevm/37xxevm_log.txt

Mailing list discussion is here:

  http://lkml.org/lkml/2013/3/4/221

Deal with this for v3.9 by reverting the problem commit, until folks can
figure out the right long-term course of action.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Walmsley <paul@pwsan.com>
Cc: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Cc: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Cc: <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Ben Chan <benchan@chromium.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Hack, but bcache needs a way around lockdep for locking during garbage
collection - we need to keep multiple btree nodes locked for coalescing
and rw_lock_nested() isn't really sufficient or appropriate here.
Signed-off-by: NKent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
CC: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>

We shouldn't try_to_freeze if locks are held.  Holding a lock can cause a
deadlock if the lock is later acquired in the suspend or hibernate path
(e.g.  by dpm).  Holding a lock can also cause a deadlock in the case of
cgroup_freezer if a lock is held inside a frozen cgroup that is later
acquired by a process outside that group.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export debug_check_no_locks_held]
Signed-off-by: NMandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Cc: Ben Chan <benchan@chromium.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This helps debug cases where a lock is acquired over and
over without being released.
Suggested-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: NBen Greear <greearb@candelatech.com>
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1360176979-4421-1-git-send-email-greearb@candelatech.com
[ Changed the printout ordering. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Fix the typo in the function name (s/inbalance/imbalance)
Signed-off-by: NSrivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130108130547.32733.79507.stgit@srivatsabhat.in.ibm.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

It is considered good form to lock the lock you claim to be nested in.
Signed-off-by: NMaarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@canonical.com>

[ removed nest_lock arg to print_lock_nested_lock_not_held in favour
  of hlock->nest_lock, also renamed the lock arg to hlock since its
  a held_lock type ]
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5051A9E7.5040501@canonical.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>