This adds support for active queue tracking, meaning that the
blk-mq tagging maintains a count of active users of a tag set.
This allows us to maintain a notion of fairness between users,
so that we can distribute the tag depth evenly without starving
some users while allowing others to try unfair deep queues.

If sharing of a tag set is detected, each hardware queue will
track the depth of its own queue. And if this exceeds the total
depth divided by the number of active queues, the user is actively
throttled down.

The active queue count is done lazily to avoid bouncing that data
between submitter and completer. Each hardware queue gets marked
active when it allocates its first tag, and gets marked inactive
when 1) the last tag is cleared, and 2) the queue timeout grace
period has passed.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

The blk-mq code is using it's own version of the I/O completion affinity
tunables, which causes a few issues:

 - the rq_affinity sysfs file doesn't work for blk-mq devices, even if it
   still is present, thus breaking existing tuning setups.
 - the rq_affinity = 1 mode, which is the defauly for legacy request based
   drivers isn't implemented at all.
 - blk-mq drivers don't implement any completion affinity with the default
   flag settings.

This patches removes the blk-mq ipi_redirect flag and sysfs file, as well
as the internal BLK_MQ_F_SHOULD_IPI flag and replaces it with code that
respects the queue-wide rq_affinity flags and also implements the
rq_affinity = 1 mode.

This means I/O completion affinity can now only be tuned block-queue wide
instead of per context, which seems more sensible to me anyway.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Now that we have a cpu mask of CPUs that are mapped to
a specific hardware queue, we can just iterate that to
display the sysfs num-hw-queue/cpu_list file.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

Now that we are out of initial debug/bringup mode, remove
the verbose dump of the mapping table.

Provide the mapping table in sysfs, under the hardware queue
directory, in the cpu_list file.
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>

All objects, which are allocated in blk_mq_register_disk, must be
released in blk_mq_unregister_disk.

I use a KVM virtual machine and virtio disk to reproduce this issue.

kmemleak: 18 new suspected memory leaks (see /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak)
$ cat /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak | head -n 30
unreferenced object 0xffff8800b6636150 (size 8):
  comm "kworker/0:2", pid 65, jiffies 4294809903 (age 86.358s)
  hex dump (first 8 bytes):
    76 69 72 74 69 6f 34 00                          virtio4.
  backtrace:
    [<ffffffff8165d41e>] kmemleak_alloc+0x4e/0xb0
    [<ffffffff8118cfc5>] __kmalloc_track_caller+0xf5/0x260
    [<ffffffff81155b11>] kstrdup+0x31/0x60
    [<ffffffff812242be>] sysfs_new_dirent+0x2e/0x140
    [<ffffffff81224678>] create_dir+0x38/0xe0
    [<ffffffff812249e3>] sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x73/0xc0
    [<ffffffff8130dfa9>] kobject_add_internal+0xc9/0x340
    [<ffffffff8130e535>] kobject_add+0x65/0xb0
    [<ffffffff813f34f8>] device_add+0x128/0x660
    [<ffffffff813f3a4a>] device_register+0x1a/0x20
    [<ffffffff813ae6f8>] register_virtio_device+0x98/0xe0
    [<ffffffff813b0cce>] virtio_pci_probe+0x12e/0x1c0
    [<ffffffff81340675>] local_pci_probe+0x45/0xa0
    [<ffffffff81341a51>] pci_device_probe+0x121/0x130
    [<ffffffff813f67f7>] driver_probe_device+0x87/0x390
    [<ffffffff813f6b3b>] __device_attach+0x3b/0x40
unreferenced object 0xffff8800b65aa1d8 (size 144):

Fixes: 320ae51f (blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism)
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: NAndrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Linux currently has two models for block devices:

- The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct
  request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper
  functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag
  management, timeout handling, queueing, etc.

- The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the
  block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack,
  driver generally have to manage everything themselves.

With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic
request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates
back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with
scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on
smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands
per device.

The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model
for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent
everything, and along with that we get all the problems again
that the shared approach solved.

This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The
design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which
then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues.
We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be
an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports.

blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include:

- Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to
  be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and
  to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed
  tags, to enable cache hot reuse.

- Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device
  basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification,
  if a request happens to fail.

- Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and
  submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the
  desired location.

- Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need
  to associate a request structure with some driver private
  command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time,
  and then any request handed to the driver will have the
  required size of memory associated with it.

- Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model
  gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging
  sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus
  increases bandwidth.

For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with
the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic
and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real
model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md
devices (as it was originally intended).

Contributions in this patch from the following people:

Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com>
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me>
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NChristoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: NJens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>