When the Xen hypervisor boots a PV kernel it hands it two pieces
of information: nr_pages and a made up E820 entry.

The nr_pages value defines the range from zero to nr_pages of PFNs
which have a valid Machine Frame Number (MFN) underneath it. The
E820 mirrors that (with the VGA hole):
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 Xen: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)
 Xen: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000080800000 (usable)

The fun comes when a PV guest that is run with a machine E820 - that
can either be the initial domain or a PCI PV guest, where the E820
looks like the normal thing:

BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009e000 (usable)
 Xen: 000000000009ec00 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000020000000 (usable)
 Xen: 0000000020000000 - 0000000020200000 (reserved)
 Xen: 0000000020200000 - 0000000040000000 (usable)
 Xen: 0000000040000000 - 0000000040200000 (reserved)
 Xen: 0000000040200000 - 00000000bad80000 (usable)
 Xen: 00000000bad80000 - 00000000badc9000 (ACPI NVS)
..
With that overlaying the nr_pages directly on the E820 does not
work as there are gaps and non-RAM regions that won't be used
by the memory allocator. The 'xen_release_chunk' helps with that
by punching holes in the P2M (PFN to MFN lookup tree) for those
regions and tells us that:

Freeing  20000-20200 pfn range: 512 pages freed
Freeing  40000-40200 pfn range: 512 pages freed
Freeing  bad80-badf4 pfn range: 116 pages freed
Freeing  badf6-bae7f pfn range: 137 pages freed
Freeing  bb000-100000 pfn range: 282624 pages freed
Released 283999 pages of unused memory

Those 283999 pages are subtracted from the nr_pages and are returned
to the hypervisor. The end result is that the initial domain
boots with 1GB less memory as the nr_pages has been subtracted by
the amount of pages residing within the PCI hole. It can balloon up
to that if desired using 'xl mem-set 0 8092', but the balloon driver
is not always compiled in for the initial domain.

This patch, implements the populate hypercall (XENMEM_populate_physmap)
which increases the the domain with the same amount of pages that
were released.

The other solution (that did not work) was to transplant the MFN in
the P2M tree - the ones that were going to be freed were put in
the E820_RAM regions past the nr_pages. But the modifications to the
M2P array (the other side of creating PTEs) were not carried away.
As the hypervisor is the only one capable of modifying that and the
only two hypercalls that would do this are: the update_va_mapping
(which won't work, as during initial bootup only PFNs up to nr_pages
are mapped in the guest) or via the populate hypercall.

The end result is that the kernel can now boot with the
nr_pages without having to subtract the 283999 pages.

On a 8GB machine, with various dom0_mem= parameters this is what we get:

no dom0_mem
-Memory: 6485264k/9435136k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 1813812k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)
+Memory: 7619036k/9435136k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 680040k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)

dom0_mem=3G
-Memory: 2616536k/9435136k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 5682540k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)
+Memory: 2703776k/9435136k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 5595300k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)

dom0_mem=max:3G
-Memory: 2696732k/4281724k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 448932k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)
+Memory: 2702204k/4281724k available (5817k kernel code, 1136060k absent, 443460k reserved, 2899k data, 696k init)

And the 'xm list' or 'xl list' now reflect what the dom0_mem=
argument is.
Acked-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
[v2: Use populate hypercall]
[v3: Remove debug printks]
[v4: Simplify code]
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Otherwise we can get these meaningless:
Freeing  bad80-badf4 pfn range: 0 pages freed

We also can do this for the summary ones - no point of printing
"Set 0 page(s) to 1-1 mapping"
Acked-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
[v1: Extended to the summary printks]
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

By using the functionality provided by "[CPUFREQ]: provide
disable_cpuidle() function to disable the API."

Under the Xen hypervisor we do not want the initial domain to exercise
the cpufreq scaling drivers. This is b/c the Xen hypervisor is
in charge of doing this as well and we can end up with both the
Linux kernel and the hypervisor trying to change the P-states
leading to weird performance issues.
Acked-by: NJan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
[v2: Fix compile error spotted by Benjamin Schweikert <b.schweikert@googlemail.com>]

We needed that call in the past to force the kernel to use
default_idle (which called safe_halt, which called xen_safe_halt).

But set_pm_idle_to_default() does now that, so there is no need
to use this boot option operand.
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

d312ae87 "xen: use maximum reservation to limit amount of usable RAM"
clamped the total amount of RAM to the current maximum reservation. This is
correct for dom0 but is not correct for guest domains. In order to boot a guest
"pre-ballooned" (e.g. with memory=1G but maxmem=2G) in order to allow for
future memory expansion the guest must derive max_pfn from the e820 provided by
the toolstack and not the current maximum reservation (which can reflect only
the current maximum, not the guest lifetime max). The existing algorithm
already behaves this correctly if we do not artificially limit the maximum
number of pages for the guest case.

For a guest booted with maxmem=512, memory=128 this results in:
 [    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
-[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000008100000 (usable)
-[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000008100000 - 0000000020800000 (unusable)
+[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000020800000 (usable)
...
 [    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
 [    0.000000] DMI not present or invalid.
 [    0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
 [    0.000000] e820 remove range: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (usable)
-[    0.000000] last_pfn = 0x8100 max_arch_pfn = 0x1000000
+[    0.000000] last_pfn = 0x20800 max_arch_pfn = 0x1000000
 [    0.000000] initial memory mapped : 0 - 027ff000
 [    0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [c009f000] 9f000 size 4096
-[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000008100000
-[    0.000000]  0000000000 - 0008100000 page 4k
-[    0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 8100000 @ 27bb000-27ff000
+[    0.000000] init_memory_mapping: 0000000000000000-0000000020800000
+[    0.000000]  0000000000 - 0020800000 page 4k
+[    0.000000] kernel direct mapping tables up to 20800000 @ 26f8000-27ff000
 [    0.000000] xen: setting RW the range 27e8000 - 27ff000
 [    0.000000] 0MB HIGHMEM available.
-[    0.000000] 129MB LOWMEM available.
-[    0.000000]   mapped low ram: 0 - 08100000
-[    0.000000]   low ram: 0 - 08100000
+[    0.000000] 520MB LOWMEM available.
+[    0.000000]   mapped low ram: 0 - 20800000
+[    0.000000]   low ram: 0 - 20800000

With this change "xl mem-set <domain> 512M" will successfully increase the
guest RAM (by reducing the balloon).

There is no change for dom0.
Reported-and-Tested-by: NGeorge Shuklin <george.shuklin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

The idea behind commit d91ee586 ("cpuidle: replace xen access to x86
pm_idle and default_idle") was to have one call - disable_cpuidle()
which would make pm_idle not be molested by other code.  It disallows
cpuidle_idle_call to be set to pm_idle (which is excellent).

But in the select_idle_routine() and idle_setup(), the pm_idle can still
be set to either: amd_e400_idle, mwait_idle or default_idle.  This
depends on some CPU flags (MWAIT) and in AMD case on the type of CPU.

In case of mwait_idle we can hit some instances where the hypervisor
(Amazon EC2 specifically) sets the MWAIT and we get:

  Brought up 2 CPUs
  invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP

  Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 3.1.0-0.rc6.git0.3.fc16.x86_64 #1
  RIP: e030:[<ffffffff81015d1d>]  [<ffffffff81015d1d>] mwait_idle+0x6f/0xb4
  ...
  Call Trace:
   [<ffffffff8100e2ed>] cpu_idle+0xae/0xe8
   [<ffffffff8149ee78>] cpu_bringup_and_idle+0xe/0x10
  RIP  [<ffffffff81015d1d>] mwait_idle+0x6f/0xb4
   RSP <ffff8801d28ddf10>

In the case of amd_e400_idle we don't get so spectacular crashes, but we
do end up making an MSR which is trapped in the hypervisor, and then
follow it up with a yield hypercall.  Meaning we end up going to
hypervisor twice instead of just once.

The previous behavior before v3.0 was that pm_idle was set to
default_idle regardless of select_idle_routine/idle_setup.

We want to do that, but only for one specific case: Xen.  This patch
does that.

Fixes RH BZ #739499 and Ubuntu #881076
Reported-by: NStefan Bader <stefan.bader@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In xen_memory_setup() all reserved regions and gaps are set to an
identity (1-1) p2m mapping.  If an available page has a PFN within one
of these 1-1 mappings it will become inaccessible (as it MFN is lost)
so release them before setting up the mapping.

This can make an additional 256 MiB or more of RAM available
(depending on the size of the reserved regions in the memory map) if
the initial pages overlap with reserved regions.

The 1:1 p2m mappings are also extended to cover partial pages.  This
fixes an issue with (for example) systems with a BIOS that puts the
DMI tables in a reserved region that begins on a non-page boundary.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Allow the extra memory (used by the balloon driver) to be in multiple
regions (typically two regions, one for low memory and one for high
memory).  This allows the balloon driver to increase the number of
available low pages (if the initial number if pages is small).

As a side effect, the algorithm for building the e820 memory map is
simpler and more obviously correct as the map supplied by the
hypervisor is (almost) used as is (in particular, all reserved regions
and gaps are preserved).  Only RAM regions are altered and RAM regions
above max_pfn + extra_pages are marked as unused (the region is split
in two if necessary).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Allow the xen balloon driver to populate its list of extra pages from
more than one region of memory.  This will allow platforms to provide
(for example) a region of low memory and a region of high memory.

The maximum possible number of extra regions is 128 (== E820MAX) which
is quite large so xen_extra_mem is placed in __initdata.  This is safe
as both xen_memory_setup() and balloon_init() are in __init.

The balloon regions themselves are not altered (i.e., there is still
only the one region).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

In xen_memory_setup() pages that occur in gaps in the memory map are
released back to Xen.  This reduces the domain's current page count in
the hypervisor.  The Xen balloon driver does not correctly decrease
its initial current_pages count to reflect this.  If 'delta' pages are
released and the target is adjusted the resulting reservation is
always 'delta' less than the requested target.

This affects dom0 if the initial allocation of pages overlaps the PCI
memory region but won't affect most domU guests that have been setup
with pseudo-physical memory maps that don't have gaps.

Fix this by accouting for the released pages when starting the balloon
driver.

If the domain's targets are managed by xapi, the domain may eventually
run out of memory and die because xapi currently gets its target
calculations wrong and whenever it is restarted it always reduces the
target by 'delta'.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

The patch "xen: use maximum reservation to limit amount of usable RAM"
(d312ae87) breaks machines that
do not use 'dom0_mem=' argument with:

reserve RAM buffer: 000000133f2e2000 - 000000133fffffff
(XEN) mm.c:4976:d0 Global bit is set to kernel page fffff8117e
(XEN) domain_crash_sync called from entry.S
(XEN) Domain 0 (vcpu#0) crashed on cpu#0:
...

The reason being that the last E820 entry is created using the
'extra_pages' (which is based on how many pages have been freed).
The mentioned git commit sets the initial value of 'extra_pages'
using a hypercall which returns the number of pages (if dom0_mem
has been used) or -1 otherwise. If the later we return with
MAX_DOMAIN_PAGES as basis for calculation:

    return min(max_pages, MAX_DOMAIN_PAGES);

and use it:

     extra_limit = xen_get_max_pages();
     if (extra_limit >= max_pfn)
             extra_pages = extra_limit - max_pfn;
     else
             extra_pages = 0;

which means we end up with extra_pages = 128GB in PFNs (33554432)
- 8GB in PFNs (2097152, on this specific box, can be larger or smaller),
and then we add that value to the E820 making it:

  Xen: 00000000ff000000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
  Xen: 0000000100000000 - 000000133f2e2000 (usable)

which is clearly wrong. It should look as so:

  Xen: 00000000ff000000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
  Xen: 0000000100000000 - 000000027fbda000 (usable)

Naturally this problem does not present itself if dom0_mem=max:X
is used.

CC: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Use the domain's maximum reservation to limit the amount of extra RAM
for the memory balloon. This reduces the size of the pages tables and
the amount of reserved low memory (which defaults to about 1/32 of the
total RAM).

On a system with 8 GiB of RAM with the domain limited to 1 GiB the
kernel reports:

Before:

Memory: 627792k/4472000k available

After:

Memory: 549740k/11132224k available

A increase of about 76 MiB (~1.5% of the unused 7 GiB).  The reserved
low memory is also reduced from 253 MiB to 32 MiB.  The total
additional usable RAM is 329 MiB.

For dom0, this requires at patch to Xen ('x86: use 'dom0_mem' to limit
the number of pages for dom0') (c/s 23790)

CC: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NDavid Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

WARN message should not complain
 "Failed to release memory %lx-%lx err=%d\n"
                           ^^^^^^^
about range when it fails to release just one page,
instead it should say what pfn is not freed.

In addition line:
 printk(KERN_INFO "xen_release_chunk: looking at area pfn %lx-%lx: "
 ...
 printk(KERN_CONT "%lu pages freed\n", len);
will be broken if WARN in between this line is fired. So fix it
by using a single printk for this.
Signed-off-by: NIgor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Use correct format specifier for unsigned long.
Signed-off-by: NIgor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

When a Xen Dom0 kernel boots on a hypervisor, it gets access
to the raw-hardware ACPI tables.  While it parses the idle tables
for the hypervisor's beneift, it uses HLT for its own idle.

Rather than have xen scribble on pm_idle and access default_idle,
have it simply disable_cpuidle() so acpi_idle will not load and
architecture default HLT will be used.

cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com
Tested-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NLen Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Other than sanity check and debug message, the x86 specific version of
memblock reserve/free functions are simple wrappers around the generic
versions - memblock_reserve/free().

This patch adds debug messages with caller identification to the
generic versions and replaces x86 specific ones and kills them.
arch/x86/include/asm/memblock.h and arch/x86/mm/memblock.c are empty
after this change and removed.
Signed-off-by: NTejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1310462166-31469-14-git-send-email-tj@kernel.org
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>

The earlier attempts (24bdb0b6)
at fixing this problem caused other problems to surface (PV guests
with no PCI passthrough would have SWIOTLB turned on - which meant
64MB of precious contingous DMA32 memory being eaten up per guest).
The problem was: "on xen we add an extra memory region at the end of
the e820, and on this particular machine this extra memory region
would start below 4g and cross over the 4g boundary:

[0xfee01000-0x192655000)

Unfortunately e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn does not expect an
e820 layout like that so it returns 4g, therefore initial_memory_mapping
will map [0 - 0x100000000), that is a memory range that includes some
reserved memory regions."

The memory range was the IOAPIC regions, and with the 1-1 mapping
turned on, it would map them as RAM, not as MMIO regions. This caused
the hypervisor to complain. Fortunately this is experienced only under
the initial domain so we guard for it.
Acked-by: NStefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Cleanup code/data sections definitions
accordingly to include/linux/init.h.
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Kiper <dkiper@net-space.pl>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

git commit 24bdb0b6 (xen: do not create
the extra e820 region at an addr lower than 4G) does not take into
account that ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 instead of e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn()
find_low_pfn_range() is called (both calls are from arch/x86/kernel/setup.c).
find_low_pfn_range() behaves correctly and does not require change in
xen_extra_mem_start initialization. Additionally, if xen_extra_mem_start
is initialized in the same way as ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 then memory hotplug
support for Xen balloon driver (under development) is broken.
Signed-off-by: NDaniel Kiper <dkiper@net-space.pl>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

When we parse the raw E820, the Xen hypervisor can set "E820_RAM"
to "E820_UNUSABLE" if the mem=X argument is used. As such we
should _not_ consider the E820_UNUSABLE as an 1-1 identity
mapping, but instead use the same case as for E820_RAM.
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Do not add the extra e820 region at a physical address lower than 4G
because it breaks e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn().

It is OK for us to move the xen_extra_mem_start up and down because this
is the index of the memory that can be ballooned in/out - it is memory
not available to the kernel during bootup.
Signed-off-by: NStefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

We walk the E820 region and start at 0 (for PV guests we start
at ISA_END_ADDRESS) and skip any E820 RAM regions. For all other
regions and as well the gaps we set them to be identity mappings.

The reasons we do not want to set the identity mapping from 0->
ISA_END_ADDRESS when running as PV is b/c that the kernel would
try to read DMI information and fail (no permissions to read that).
There is a lot of gnarly code to deal with that weird region so
we won't try to do a cleanup in this patch.

This code ends up calling 'set_phys_to_identity' with the start
and end PFN of the the E820 that are non-RAM or have gaps.
On 99% of machines that means one big region right underneath the
4GB mark. Usually starts at 0xc0000 (or 0x80000) and goes to
0x100000.

[v2: Fix for E820 crossing 1MB region and clamp the start]
[v3: Squshed in code that does this over ranges]
[v4: Moved the comment to the correct spot]
[v5: Use the "raw" E820 from the hypervisor]
[v6: Added Review-by tag]
Reviewed-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

If we have a guest that asked for:

memory=1024
maxmem=2048

Which means we want 1GB now, and create pagetables so that we can expand
up to 2GB, we would have this E820 layout:

[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000080800000 (usable)

Due to patch: "xen/setup: Inhibit resource API from using System RAM E820 gaps as PCI mem gaps."
we would mark the memory past the 1GB mark as unusuable resulting in:

[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000000000 - 00000000000a0000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000000a0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000040000000 (usable)
[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000040000000 - 0000000080800000 (unusable)

which meant that we could not balloon up anymore. We could
balloon the guest down. The fix is to run the code introduced
by the above mentioned patch only for the initial domain.

We will have to revisit this once we start introducing a modified
E820 for PCI passthrough so that we can utilize the P2M identity code.

We also fix an overflow by having UL instead of ULL on 32-bit machines.

[v2: Ian pointed to the overflow issue]
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

With this patch, we diligently set regions that will be used by the
balloon driver to be INVALID_P2M_ENTRY and under the ownership
of the balloon driver. We are OK using the __set_phys_to_machine
as we do not expect to be allocating any P2M middle or entries pages.
The set_phys_to_machine has the side-effect of potentially allocating
new pages and we do not want that at this stage.

We can do this because xen_build_mfn_list_list will have already
allocated all such pages up to xen_max_p2m_pfn.

We also move the check for auto translated physmap down the
stack so it is present in __set_phys_to_machine.

[v2: Rebased with mmu->p2m code split]
Reviewed-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

With the hypervisor argument of dom0_mem=X we iterate over the physical
(only for the initial domain) E820 and subtract the the size from each
E820_RAM region the delta so that the cumulative size of all E820_RAM regions
is equal to 'X'. This sometimes ends up with E820_RAM regions with zero size
(which are removed by e820_sanitize) and E820_RAM that are smaller
than physically.

Later on the PCI API looks at the E820 and attempts to set up an
resource region for the "PCI mem". The E820 (assume dom0_mem=1GB is
set) compared to the physical looks as so:

 [    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000097c00 (usable)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000097c00 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
-[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 00000000defafe00 (usable)
+[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000040000000 (usable)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000defafe00 - 00000000defb1ea0 (ACPI NVS)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000defb1ea0 - 00000000e0000000 (reserved)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000f4000000 - 00000000f8000000 (reserved)
..
And we get
[    0.000000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 40000000 (gap: 40000000:9efafe00)

while it should have started at e0000000 (a nice big gap up to
f4000000 exists). The "Allocating PCI" is part of the resource API.

The users that end up using those PCI I/O regions usually supply their
own BARs when calling the resource API (request_resource, or allocate_resource),
but there are exceptions which provide an empty 'struct resource' and
expect the API to provide the 'struct resource' to be populated with valid values.
The one that triggered this bug was the intel AGP driver that requested
a region for the flush page (intel_i9xx_setup_flush).

Before this patch, when running under Xen hypervisor, the 'struct resource'
returned could have (depending on the dom0_mem size) physical ranges of a 'System RAM'
instead of 'I/O' regions. This ended up with the Hypervisor failing a request
to populate PTE's with those PFNs as the domain did not have access to those
'System RAM' regions (rightly so).

After this patch, the left-over E820_RAM region from the truncation, will be
labeled as E820_UNUSABLE. The E820 will look as so:

 [    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000097c00 (usable)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000097c00 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
-[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 00000000defafe00 (usable)
+[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 0000000040000000 (usable)
+[    0.000000]  Xen: 0000000040000000 - 00000000defafe00 (unusable)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000defafe00 - 00000000defb1ea0 (ACPI NVS)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000defb1ea0 - 00000000e0000000 (reserved)
 [    0.000000]  Xen: 00000000f4000000 - 00000000f8000000 (reserved)

For more information:
http://mid.gmane.org/1A42CE6F5F474C41B63392A5F80372B2335E978C@shsmsx501.ccr.corp.intel.com

BugLink: http://bugzilla.xensource.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=1726Signed-off-by: NFengzhe Zhang <fengzhe.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

With this patch, the cpuidle driver does not load and
does not issue the mwait operations. Instead the hypervisor
is doing them (b/c we call the safe_halt pvops call).

This fixes quite a lot of bootup issues wherein the user had
to force interrupts for the continuation of the bootup.

Details are discussed in:

http://lists.xensource.com/archives/html/xen-devel/2011-01/msg00535.html

[v2: Wrote the commit description]
Reported-by: NDaniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>
Tested-by: NDaniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Under Dell Inspiron 1525, and Intel SandyBridge SDP's the
BIOS e820 RAM is not page-aligned:

[   0.000000]  Xen: 0000000000100000 - 00000000df66d800 (usable)

We were not handling that and ended up setting up a pagetable
that included up to df66e000 with the disastrous effect that when

        memset(NODE_DATA(nodeid), 0, sizeof(pg_data_t));

tried to clear the page it would crash at the 2K mark.

Initially reported by Michael Young @
http://lists.xensource.com/archives/html/xen-devel/2011-01/msg00108.html

The fix is to page-align the size and also take into consideration
the start of the E820 (in case that is not page-aligned either). This
fixes the bootup failure on those affected machines.

This patch is a rework of the Micheal A Young initial patch and
considers the case if the start is not page-aligned.
Reported-by: NMichael A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NMichael A Young <m.a.young@durham.ac.uk>

Remove duplicated #include('s) in
  arch/x86/xen/setup.c
Signed-off-by: NHuang Weiyi <weiyi.huang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

We just need the idle loop to drop into safe_halt, which default_idle()
is perfectly capable of doing.  There's no need to duplicate it.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

Make sure that extra_pages is added for all E820_RAM regions beyond
mem_end - completely excluded regions as well as the remains of partially
included regions.

Also makes sure the extra region is not unnecessarily high, and simplifies
the logic to decide which regions should be added.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

This patch is based off "xen dom0: Set up basic IO permissions for dom0."
by Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>.

On AMD machines when we boot the kernel as Domain 0 we get this nasty:

mapping kernel into physical memory
Xen: setup ISA identity maps
about to get started...
(XEN) traps.c:475:d0 Unhandled general protection fault fault/trap [#13] on VCPU 0 [ec=0000]
(XEN) domain_crash_sync called from entry.S
(XEN) Domain 0 (vcpu#0) crashed on cpu#0:
(XEN) ----[ Xen-4.1-101116  x86_64  debug=y  Not tainted ]----
(XEN) CPU:    0
(XEN) RIP:    e033:[<ffffffff8130271b>]
(XEN) RFLAGS: 0000000000000282   EM: 1   CONTEXT: pv guest
(XEN) rax: 000000008000c068   rbx: ffffffff8186c680   rcx: 0000000000000068
(XEN) rdx: 0000000000000cf8   rsi: 000000000000c000   rdi: 0000000000000000
(XEN) rbp: ffffffff81801e98   rsp: ffffffff81801e50   r8:  ffffffff81801eac
(XEN) r9:  ffffffff81801ea8   r10: ffffffff81801eb4   r11: 00000000ffffffff
(XEN) r12: ffffffff8186c694   r13: ffffffff81801f90   r14: ffffffffffffffff
(XEN) r15: 0000000000000000   cr0: 000000008005003b   cr4: 00000000000006f0
(XEN) cr3: 0000000221803000   cr2: 0000000000000000
(XEN) ds: 0000   es: 0000   fs: 0000   gs: 0000   ss: e02b   cs: e033
(XEN) Guest stack trace from rsp=ffffffff81801e50:

RIP points to read_pci_config() function.

The issue is that we don't set IO permissions for the Linux kernel early enough.

The call sequence used to be:

    xen_start_kernel()
	x86_init.oem.arch_setup = xen_setup_arch;
        setup_arch:
           - early_cpu_init
               - early_init_amd
                  - read_pci_config
           - x86_init.oem.arch_setup [ xen_arch_setup ]
               - set IO permissions.

We need to set the IO permissions earlier on, which this patch does.
Acked-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

Now that the balloon driver doesn't stumble over non-RAM pages, we
can enable the extra space for ballooning.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

We already deliberately setup a 1-1 P2M for the region up to 1M in
order to allow code which assumes this region is already mapped to
work without having to convert everything to ioremap.

Domain 0 should not return any apparently unused memory regions
(reserved or otherwise) in this region to Xen since the e820 may not
accurately reflect what the BIOS has stashed in this region.
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

          CC      arch/x86/xen/setup.o
        arch/x86/xen/setup.c: In function 'xen_memory_setup':
        arch/x86/xen/setup.c:161: error: implicit declaration of function 'xen_initial_domain'
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

add the direct mapping area for ISA bus access when running as initial
domain
Signed-off-by: NJuan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NStefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

When running as initial domain, get the real physical memory map from
xen using the XENMEM_machine_memory_map hypercall and use it to setup
the e820 regions.
Signed-off-by: NIan Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: NStefano Stabellini <stefano.stabellini@eu.citrix.com>
Reviewed-by: NKonrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>

If an E820 region is entirely beyond mem_end, don't attempt to truncate
it and add the truncated pages to extra_pages, as they will be negative.

Also, make sure the extra memory region starts after all BIOS provided
E820 regions (and in the case of RAM regions, post-clipping).
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

Keep xen_max_p2m_pfn up to date with the end of the extra memory
we're adding.  It is possible that it will be too high since memory
may be truncated by a "mem=" option on the kernel command line, but
that won't matter.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

If extra memory is very much larger than the base memory size
then all of the base memory can be filled with structures reserved to
describe the extra memory, leaving no space for anything else.

Even at the maximum ratio there will be little space for anything else,
but this change is intended to at least allow the system to boot rather
than crash mysteriously.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>

If an entire E820 RAM region is beyond mem_end, still add its
pages to the extra area so that space can be used by the kernel.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>