Don't let fuse_readpages leave the @pages list not empty when exiting
on error.

[akpm@osdl.org: kernel-doc fixes]
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Zarochentsev <zam@namesys.com>
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>

Generic lock debugging:

 - generalized lock debugging framework. For example, a bug in one lock
   subsystem turns off debugging in all lock subsystems.

 - got rid of the caller address passing (__IP__/__IP_DECL__/etc.) from
   the mutex/rtmutex debugging code: it caused way too much prototype
   hackery, and lockdep will give the same information anyway.

 - ability to do silent tests

 - check lock freeing in vfree too.

 - more finegrained debugging options, to allow distributions to
   turn off more expensive debugging features.

There's no separate 'held mutexes' list anymore - but there's a 'held locks'
stack within lockdep, which unifies deadlock detection across all lock
classes.  (this is independent of the lockdep validation stuff - lockdep first
checks whether we are holding a lock already)

Here are the current debugging options:

CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y

which do:

 config DEBUG_MUTEXES
          bool "Mutex debugging, basic checks"

 config DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
         bool "Detect incorrect freeing of live mutexes"
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

NOTE: ZVC are *not* the lightweight event counters.  ZVCs are reliable whereas
event counters do not need to be.

Zone based VM statistics are necessary to be able to determine what the state
of memory in one zone is.  In a NUMA system this can be helpful for local
reclaim and other memory optimizations that may be able to shift VM load in
order to get more balanced memory use.

It is also useful to know how the computing load affects the memory
allocations on various zones.  This patchset allows the retrieval of that data
from userspace.

The patchset introduces a framework for counters that is a cross between the
existing page_stats --which are simply global counters split per cpu-- and the
approach of deferred incremental updates implemented for nr_pagecache.

Small per cpu 8 bit counters are added to struct zone.  If the counter exceeds
certain thresholds then the counters are accumulated in an array of
atomic_long in the zone and in a global array that sums up all zone values.
The small 8 bit counters are next to the per cpu page pointers and so they
will be in high in the cpu cache when pages are allocated and freed.

Access to VM counter information for a zone and for the whole machine is then
possible by simply indexing an array (Thanks to Nick Piggin for pointing out
that approach).  The access to the total number of pages of various types does
no longer require the summing up of all per cpu counters.

Benefits of this patchset right now:

- Ability for UP and SMP configuration to determine how memory
  is balanced between the DMA, NORMAL and HIGHMEM zones.

- loops over all processors are avoided in writeback and
  reclaim paths. We can avoid caching the writeback information
  because the needed information is directly accessible.

- Special handling for nr_pagecache removed.

- zone_reclaim_interval vanishes since VM stats can now determine
  when it is worth to do local reclaim.

- Fast inline per node page state determination.

- Accurate counters in /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo. Current
  counters are counting simply which processor allocated a page somewhere
  and guestimate based on that. So the counters were not useful to show
  the actual distribution of page use on a specific zone.

- The swap_prefetch patch requires per node statistics in order to
  figure out when processors of a node can prefetch. This patch provides
  some of the needed numbers.

- Detailed VM counters available in more /proc and /sys status files.

References to earlier discussions:
V1 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113511649910826&w=2
V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114980851924230&w=2
V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115014697910351&w=2
V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767318740&w=2

Performance tests with AIM7 did not show any regressions.  Seems to be a tad
faster even.  Tested on ia64/NUMA.  Builds fine on i386, SMP / UP.  Includes
fixes for s390/arm/uml arch code.

This patch:

Move counter code from page_alloc.c/page-flags.h to vmstat.c/h.

Create vmstat.c/vmstat.h by separating the counter code and the proc
functions.

Move the vm_stat_text array before zoneinfo_show.

[akpm@osdl.org: s390 build fix]
[akpm@osdl.org: HOTPLUG_CPU build fix]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Runtime debugging functionality for rt-mutexes.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add debug_check_no_locks_freed(), as a central inline to add
bad-lock-free-debugging functionality to.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Move the i386 VDSO down into a vma and thus randomize it.

Besides the security implications, this feature also helps debuggers, which
can COW a vma-backed VDSO just like a normal DSO and can thus do
single-stepping and other debugging features.

It's good for hypervisors (Xen, VMWare) too, which typically live in the same
high-mapped address space as the VDSO, hence whenever the VDSO is used, they
get lots of guest pagefaults and have to fix such guest accesses up - which
slows things down instead of speeding things up (the primary purpose of the
VDSO).

There's a new CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO (default=y) option, which provides support
for older glibcs that still rely on a prelinked high-mapped VDSO.  Newer
distributions (using glibc 2.3.3 or later) can turn this option off.  Turning
it off is also recommended for security reasons: attackers cannot use the
predictable high-mapped VDSO page as syscall trampoline anymore.

There is a new vdso=[0|1] boot option as well, and a runtime
/proc/sys/vm/vdso_enabled sysctl switch, that allows the VDSO to be turned
on/off.

(This version of the VDSO-randomization patch also has working ELF
coredumping, the previous patch crashed in the coredumping code.)

This code is a combined work of the exec-shield VDSO randomization
code and Gerd Hoffmann's hypervisor-centric VDSO patch. Rusty Russell
started this patch and i completed it.

[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]
[akpm@osdl.org: compile fix]
[akpm@osdl.org: compile fix 2]
[akpm@osdl.org: compile fix 3]
[akpm@osdl.org: revernt MAXMEM change]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Hooks for calling vma specific migration functions

With this patch a vma may define a vma->vm_ops->migrate function.  That
function may perform page migration on its own (some vmas may not contain page
structs and therefore cannot be handled by regular page migration.  Pages in a
vma may require special preparatory treatment before migration is possible
etc) .  Only mmap_sem is held when the migration function is called.  The
migrate() function gets passed two sets of nodemasks describing the source and
the target of the migration.  The flags parameter either contains

MPOL_MF_MOVE	which means that only pages used exclusively by
		the specified mm should be moved

or

MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL which means that pages shared with other processes
		should also be moved.

The migration function returns 0 on success or an error condition.  An error
condition will prevent regular page migration from occurring.

On its own this patch cannot be included since there are no users for this
functionality.  But it seems that the uncached allocator will need this
functionality at some point.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove VM_LOCKED before remap_pfn range from device drivers and get rid of
VM_SHM.

remap_pfn_range() already sets VM_IO.  There is no need to set VM_SHM since
it does nothing.  VM_LOCKED is of no use since the remap_pfn_range does not
place pages on the LRU.  The pages are therefore never subject to swap
anyways.  Remove all the vm_flags settings before calling remap_pfn_range.

After removing all the vm_flag settings no use of VM_SHM is left.  Drop it.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add a new VMA operation to notify a filesystem or other driver about the
MMU generating a fault because userspace attempted to write to a page
mapped through a read-only PTE.

This facility permits the filesystem or driver to:

 (*) Implement storage allocation/reservation on attempted write, and so to
     deal with problems such as ENOSPC more gracefully (perhaps by generating
     SIGBUS).

 (*) Delay making the page writable until the contents have been written to a
     backing cache. This is useful for NFS/AFS when using FS-Cache/CacheFS.
     It permits the filesystem to have some guarantee about the state of the
     cache.

 (*) Account and limit number of dirty pages. This is one piece of the puzzle
     needed to make shared writable mapping work safely in FUSE.

Needed by cachefs (Or is it cachefiles?  Or fscache? <head spins>).

At least four other groups have stated an interest in it or a desire to use
the functionality it provides: FUSE, OCFS2, NTFS and JFFS2.  Also, things like
EXT3 really ought to use it to deal with the case of shared-writable mmap
encountering ENOSPC before we permit the page to be dirtied.

From: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>

  get_user_pages(.write=1, .force=1) can generate COW hits on read-only
  shared mappings, this patch traps those as mkpage_write candidates and fails
  to handle them the old way.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Joel Becker <Joel.Becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The buddy allocator has a requirement that boundaries between contigious
zones occur aligned with the the MAX_ORDER ranges.  Where they do not we
will incorrectly merge pages cross zone boundaries.  This can lead to pages
from the wrong zone being handed out.

Originally the buddy allocator would check that buddies were in the same
zone by referencing the zone start and end page frame numbers.  This was
removed as it became very expensive and the buddy allocator already made
the assumption that zones boundaries were aligned.

It is clear that not all configurations and architectures are honouring
this alignment requirement.  Therefore it seems safest to reintroduce
support for non-aligned zone boundaries.  This patch introduces a new check
when considering a page a buddy it compares the zone_table index for the
two pages and refuses to merge the pages where they do not match.  The
zone_table index is unique for each node/zone combination when
FLATMEM/DISCONTIGMEM is enabled and for each section/zone combination when
SPARSEMEM is enabled (a SPARSEMEM section is at least a MAX_ORDER size).
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>

Rohit found an obscure bug causing buddy list corruption.

page_is_buddy is using a non-atomic test (PagePrivate && page_count == 0)
to determine whether or not a free page's buddy is itself free and in the
buddy lists.

Each of the conjuncts may be true at different times due to unrelated
conditions, so the non-atomic page_is_buddy test may find each conjunct to
be true even if they were not both true at the same time (ie. the page was
not on the buddy lists).
Signed-off-by: NMartin Bligh <mbligh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NRohit Seth <rohitseth@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimise page_count compound page test and make it consistent with similar
functions.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

set_page_count usage outside mm/ is limited to setting the refcount to 1.
Remove set_page_count from outside mm/, and replace those users with
init_page_count() and set_page_refcounted().

This allows more debug checking, and tighter control on how code is allowed
to play around with page->_count.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Now that compound page handling is properly fixed in the VM, move nommu
over to using compound pages rather than rolling their own refcounting.

nommu vm page refcounting is broken anyway, but there is no need to have
divergent code in the core VM now, nor when it gets fixed.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>

(Needs testing, please).
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove __put_page from outside the core mm/.  It is dangerous because it does
not handle compound pages nicely, and misses 1->0 transitions.  If a user
later appears that really needs the extra speed we can reevaluate.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Turn basically everything in vmscan.c into `unsigned long'.  This is to avoid
the possibility that some piece of code in there might decide to operate upon
more than 4G (or even 2G) of pages in one hit.

This might be silly, but we'll need it one day.

Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: NRafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Have an explicit mm call to split higher order pages into individual pages.
 Should help to avoid bugs and be more explicit about the code's intention.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Signed-off-by: NYoichi Yuasa <yoichi_yuasa@tripeaks.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

atomic_add_unless (atomic_inc_not_zero) no longer requires an offset refcount
to function correctly.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The VM has an interesting race where a page refcount can drop to zero, but it
is still on the LRU lists for a short time.  This was solved by testing a 0->1
refcount transition when picking up pages from the LRU, and dropping the
refcount in that case.

Instead, use atomic_add_unless to ensure we never pick up a 0 refcount page
from the LRU, thus a 0 refcount page will never have its refcount elevated
until it is allocated again.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Signed-off-by: NLuke Yang <luke.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

AMD SimNow!'s JIT doesn't like them at all in the guest. For distribution
installation it's easiest if it's a boot time option.

Also I moved the variable to a more appropiate place and make
it independent from sysctl

And marked __read_mostly which it is.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Compound pages on SMP systems can now often be freed from pagetables via
the release_pages path.  This uses put_page_testzero which does not handle
compound pages at all.  Releasing constituent pages from process mappings
decrements their count to a large negative number and leaks the reference
at the head page - net result is a memory leak.

The problem was hidden because the debug check in put_page_testzero itself
actually did take compound pages into consideration.

Fix the bug and the debug check.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

      Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>

Mark a number of functions as 'must inline'.  The functions affected by this
patch need to be inlined because they use knowledge that their arguments are
constant so that most of the function optimizes away.  At this point this
patch does not change behavior, it's for documentation only (and for future
patches in the inline series)
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

- Move capable() from sched.h to capability.h;

- Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used
	(in include/, block/, ipc/, kernel/, a few drivers/,
	mm/, security/, & sound/;
	many more drivers/ to go)
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Let's switch mutex_debug_check_no_locks_freed() to take (addr, len) as
arguments instead, since all its callers were just calculating the 'to'
address for themselves anyway... (and sometimes doing so badly).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Acked-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

more mutex debugging: check for held locks during memory freeing,
task exit, enable sysrq printouts, etc.
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>

Reduce the size of the pageframe for NR_CPUS>4, CONFIG_PREEMPT back to the
minimal size by unionising both ->private and ->mapping with the pagetable
lock.

It uses an anonymous struct and hence requires gcc-3.x.

Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix set_page_count() macro to handle complex arguments.
Signed-off-by: NAvishay Traeger <atraeger@cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches.  When written to, this will cause the kernel to
discard as much pagecache and/or reclaimable slab objects as it can.  THis
operation requires root permissions.

It won't drop dirty data, so the user should run `sync' first.

Caveats:

a) Holds inode_lock for exorbitant amounts of time.

b) Needs to be taught about NUMA nodes: propagate these all the way through
   so the discarding can be controlled on a per-node basis.

This is a debugging feature: useful for getting consistent results between
filesystem benchmarks.  We could possibly put it under a config option, but
it's less than 300 bytes.
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Make the futex code compilable and usable on NOMMU by making the attempt to
handle page faults conditional on CONFIG_MMU.  If this is not enabled, then
we can assume that EFAULT returned from futex_atomic_op_inuser() is not
recoverable, and that the address lies outside of valid memory.

handle_mm_fault() is made to BUG if called on NOMMU without attempting to
invoke the actual handler (__handle_mm_fault).
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The attached patch makes the SYSV IPC shared memory facilities use the new
ramfs facilities on a no-MMU kernel.

The following changes are made:

 (1) There are now shmem_mmap() and shmem_get_unmapped_area() functions to
     allow the IPC SHM facilities to commune with the tiny-shmem and shmem
     code.

 (2) ramfs files now need resizing using do_truncate() rather than by modifying
     the inode size directly (see shmem_file_setup()). This causes ramfs to
     attempt to bind a block of pages of sufficient size to the inode.

 (3) CONFIG_SYSVIPC is no longer contingent on CONFIG_MMU.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Fix two warnings in ipc/shm.c

ipc/shm.c:122: warning: statement with no effect
ipc/shm.c:560: warning: statement with no effect

by converting the macros to empty inline functions.  For safety, let's do
all three.  This also has the advantage that typechecking gets performed
even without CONFIG_SHMEM enabled.
Signed-off-by: NRussell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Here is the patch to implement madvise(MADV_REMOVE) - which frees up a
given range of pages & its associated backing store.  Current
implementation supports only shmfs/tmpfs and other filesystems return
-ENOSYS.

"Some app allocates large tmpfs files, then when some task quits and some
client disconnect, some memory can be released.  However the only way to
release tmpfs-swap is to MADV_REMOVE". - Andrea Arcangeli

Databases want to use this feature to drop a section of their bufferpool
(shared memory segments) - without writing back to disk/swap space.

This feature is also useful for supporting hot-plug memory on UML.

Concerns raised by Andrew Morton:

- "We have no plan for holepunching!  If we _do_ have such a plan (or
  might in the future) then what would the API look like?  I think
  sys_holepunch(fd, start, len), so we should start out with that."

- Using madvise is very weird, because people will ask "why do I need to
  mmap my file before I can stick a hole in it?"

- None of the other madvise operations call into the filesystem in this
  manner.  A broad question is: is this capability an MM operation or a
  filesytem operation?  truncate, for example, is a filesystem operation
  which sometimes has MM side-effects.  madvise is an mm operation and with
  this patch, it gains FS side-effects, only they're really, really
  significant ones."

Comments:

- Andrea suggested the fs operation too but then it's more efficient to
  have it as a mm operation with fs side effects, because they don't
  immediatly know fd and physical offset of the range.  It's possible to
  fixup in userland and to use the fs operation but it's more expensive,
  the vmas are already in the kernel and we can use them.

Short term plan &  Future Direction:

- We seem to need this interface only for shmfs/tmpfs files in the short
  term.  We have to add hooks into the filesystem for correctness and
  completeness.  This is what this patch does.

- In the future, plan is to support both fs and mmap apis also.  This
  also involves (other) filesystem specific functions to be implemented.

- Current patch doesn't support VM_NONLINEAR - which can be addressed in
  the future.
Signed-off-by: NBadari Pulavarty <pbadari@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch makes truncate_inode_pages_range from truncate_inode_pages.
truncate_inode_pages became a one-liner call to truncate_inode_pages_range.

Reiser4 needs truncate_inode_pages_ranges because it tries to keep
correspondence between existences of metadata pointing to data pages and pages
to which those metadata point to.  So, when metadata of certain part of file
is removed from filesystem tree, only pages of corresponding range are to be
truncated.

(Needed by the madvise(MADV_REMOVE) patch)
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The logic that decides that a fork() might be able to avoid copying a VM
area when it can be re-created by page faults didn't know about the new
vm_insert_page() case.

Also make some things a bit more anal wrt VM_PFNMAP.

Pointed out by Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

With the previous commit, we can handle arbitrary shared re-mappings
even without this complexity, and since the only known private mappings
are for strange users of /dev/mem (which never create an incomplete one),
there seems to be no reason to support it.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This is what a lot of drivers will actually want to use to insert
individual pages into a user VMA.  It doesn't have the old PageReserved
restrictions of remap_pfn_range(), and it doesn't complain about partial
remappings.

The page you insert needs to be a nice clean kernel allocation, so you
can't insert arbitrary page mappings with this, but that's not what
people want.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This logic was duplicated four times, for no good reason.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

These get created by some drivers that don't generally even want a pfn
remapping at all, but would really mostly prefer to just map pages
they've allocated individually instead.

For now, create a helper function that turns such an incomplete PFN
remapping call into a loop that does that explicit mapping.  In the long
run we almost certainly want to export a totally different interface for
that, though.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>