Add a sample live patching module.
Signed-off-by: NSeth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NMiroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NPetr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

sockex2_kern.c is purposefully large eBPF program in C.
llvm compiles ~200 lines of C code into ~300 eBPF instructions.

It's similar to __skb_flow_dissect() to demonstrate that complex packet parsing
can be done by eBPF.
Then it uses (struct flow_keys)->dst IP address (or hash of ipv6 dst) to keep
stats of number of packets per IP.
User space loads eBPF program, attaches it to loopback interface and prints
dest_ip->#packets stats every second.

Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sockex2
ip 127.0.0.1 count 19
ip 127.0.0.1 count 178115
ip 127.0.0.1 count 369437
ip 127.0.0.1 count 559841
ip 127.0.0.1 count 750539
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

this example does the same task as previous socket example
in assembler, but this one does it in C.

eBPF program in kernel does:
    /* assume that packet is IPv4, load one byte of IP->proto */
    int index = load_byte(skb, ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol));
    long *value;

    value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&my_map, &index);
    if (value)
        __sync_fetch_and_add(value, 1);

Corresponding user space reads map[tcp], map[udp], map[icmp]
and prints protocol stats every second
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

simple .o parser and loader using BPF syscall.
.o is a standard ELF generated by LLVM backend

It parses elf file compiled by llvm .c->.o
- parses 'maps' section and creates maps via BPF syscall
- parses 'license' section and passes it to syscall
- parses elf relocations for BPF maps and adjusts BPF_LD_IMM64 insns
  by storing map_fd into insn->imm and marking such insns as BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
- loads eBPF programs via BPF syscall

One ELF file can contain multiple BPF programs.

int load_bpf_file(char *path);
populates prog_fd[] and map_fd[] with FDs received from bpf syscall

bpf_helpers.h - helper functions available to eBPF programs written in C
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

this socket filter example does:
- creates arraymap in kernel with key 4 bytes and value 8 bytes

- loads eBPF program which assumes that packet is IPv4 and loads one byte of
  IP->proto from the packet and uses it as a key in a map

  r0 = skb->data[ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)];
  *(u32*)(fp - 4) = r0;
  value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, fp - 4);
  if (value)
       (*(u64*)value) += 1;

- attaches this program to raw socket

- every second user space reads map[IPPROTO_TCP], map[IPPROTO_UDP], map[IPPROTO_ICMP]
  to see how many packets of given protocol were seen on loopback interface

Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sock_example
TCP 0 UDP 0 ICMP 0 packets
TCP 187600 UDP 0 ICMP 4 packets
TCP 376504 UDP 0 ICMP 8 packets
TCP 563116 UDP 0 ICMP 12 packets
TCP 753144 UDP 0 ICMP 16 packets
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

proper types and function helpers are ready. Use them in verifier testsuite.
Remove temporary stubs
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

. check error conditions and sanity of hash and array map APIs
. check large maps (that kernel gracefully switches to vmalloc from kmalloc)
. check multi-process parallel access and stress test
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

- add a test specifically targeting verifier state pruning.
It checks state propagation between registers, storing that
state into stack and state pruning algorithm recognizing
equivalent stack and register states.

- add summary line to spot failures easier
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

while comparing for verifier state equivalency the comparison
was missing a check for uninitialized register.
Make sure it does so and add a testcase.

Fixes: f1bca824 ("bpf: add search pruning optimization to verifier")
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: NHannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

add 4 extra tests to cover jump verification better
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

1.
the library includes a trivial set of BPF syscall wrappers:
int bpf_create_map(int key_size, int value_size, int max_entries);
int bpf_update_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_delete_elem(int fd, void *key);
int bpf_get_next_key(int fd, void *key, void *next_key);
int bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
		  const struct sock_filter_int *insns, int insn_len,
		  const char *license);
bpf_prog_load() stores verifier log into global bpf_log_buf[] array

and BPF_*() macros to build instructions

2.
test stubs configure eBPF infra with 'unspec' map and program types.
These are fake types used by user space testsuite only.

3.
verifier tests valid and invalid programs and expects predefined
error log messages from kernel.
40 tests so far.

$ sudo ./test_verifier
 #0 add+sub+mul OK
 #1 unreachable OK
 #2 unreachable2 OK
 #3 out of range jump OK
 #4 out of range jump2 OK
 #5 test1 ld_imm64 OK
 ...
Signed-off-by: NAlexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In commit e80d6661 "flagday: kill pt_regs argument of do_fork()", the
arguments to do_fork() changed.

The example code in jprobe_example.c was not updated to match, so the
arguments inside the jprobe handler do not match reality.

Fix it by updating the arguments to match do_fork(). While we're at it
use pr_info() for brevity, and print stack_start as well for interest.
Signed-off-by: NMichael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Strings should be copied with strlcpy instead of strncpy when they will
later be printed via %s. This guarantees that they terminate with a
NUL '\0' character and do not run pass the end of the allocated string.

This is only for sample code, but it should stil represent a good
role model.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/51C2E204.1080501@huawei.comSigned-off-by: NZhao Hongjiang <zhaohongjiang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

Currently the __field() macro in TRACE_EVENT is only good for primitive
values, such as integers and pointers, but it fails on complex data types
such as structures or unions. This is because the __field() macro
determines if the variable is signed or not with the test of:

  (((type)(-1)) < (type)1)

Unfortunately, that fails when type is a structure.

Since trace events should support structures as fields a new macro
is created for such a case called __field_struct() which acts exactly
the same as __field() does but it does not do the signed type check
and just uses a constant false for that answer.

Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

In line with practice for module parameters, we're adding a build-time
check that sysfs files aren't world-writable.

Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

The Makefile is designed to use the host toolchain so it may be unsafe
to build the tests if the kernel has been configured and built for
another architecture.  This fixes a build problem when the kernel has
been configured and built for the MIPS architecture but the host is not
MIPS (cross-compiled).  The MIPS syscalls are only defined if one of the
following is true:

 1) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
 2) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
 3) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32

Of course, none of these make sense on a non-MIPS toolchain and the
following build problem occurs when building on a non-MIPS host.

  linux/usr/include/linux/kexec.h:50: userspace cannot reference function or variable defined in the kernel
  samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c: In function `emulator':
  samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c:76:17: error: `__NR_write' undeclared (first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: NMarkos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
Reported-by: NPaul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Previously, example_init() leaked a kset if any of the object creations
failed.  This fixes the leak by calling kset_unregister() in the error
path.
Signed-off-by: NBjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch enhances the type safety for the kfifo API.  It is now safe
to put const data into a non const FIFO and the API will now generate a
compiler warning when reading from the fifo where the destination
address is pointing to a const variable.

As a side effect the kfifo_put() does now expect the value of an element
instead a pointer to the element.  This was suggested Russell King.  It
make the handling of the kfifo_put easier since there is no need to
create a helper variable for getting the address of a pointer or to pass
integers of different sizes.

IMHO the API break is okay, since there are currently only six users of
kfifo_put().

The code is also cleaner by kicking out the "if (0)" expressions.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NStefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This extends the uhid example client. It properly documents the built-in
report-descriptor an adds explicit report-numbers.

Furthermore, LED output reports are added to utilize the new UHID output
reports of the kernel. Support for 3 basic LEDs is added and a small
report-parser to print debug messages if output reports were received.

To test this, simply write the EV_LED+LED_CAPSL+1 event to the evdev
device-node of the uhid-device and the kernel will forward it to your uhid
client.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

This change includes support for Kprobes, Jprobes and Return Probes.
Reviewed-by: NMasami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: NTony Lu <zlu@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>

To fix:

 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
 #	samples/hidraw/hid-example

as seen in git status output after an allyesconfig build.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Put a warning into sample hidraw code in samples/hidraw/hid-example.c
in case the userspace headers are missing the necessary defines and
need to be updated.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

The seccomp filters are currently built for the build host, not for the
machine that they are going to run on, but they are also built for with
the -m32 flag if the kernel is built for a 32 bit machine, both of which
seems rather odd.

It broke allyesconfig on my machine, which is x86-64, but building for
32 bit ARM, with this error message:

  In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:28:0,
                   from samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c:15:
  /usr/include/features.h:324:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory

because there are no 32 bit libc headers installed on this machine.  We
should really be building all the samples for the target machine rather
than the build host, but since the infrastructure for that appears to be
missing right now, let's be a little bit smarter and not pass the '-m32'
flag to the HOSTCC when cross- compiling.
Signed-off-by: NArnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Acked-by: NWill Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The tracepoint sample code was used to teach developers how to
create their own tracepoints. But now the trace_events have been
added as a higher level that is used directly by developers today.

Only the trace_event code should use the tracepoint interface
directly and no new tracepoints should be added.

Besides, the example had a race condition with the use of the
 ->d_name.name dentry field, as pointed out by Al Viro.

Best just to remove the code so it wont be used by other developers.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130123225523.GY4939@ZenIV.linux.org.uk

Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: NMathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: NSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>

CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option.  As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.

This change removes the last of the __dev* markings from the kernel from
a variety of different, tiny, places.

Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.

Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

On s390 the flag to force 31 builds is -m31 instead of -m32 unlike
on all (?) other architectures.

Fixes this compile error:

  HOSTCC  samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.o
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-m32"
make[2]: *** [samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>

The LO_ARG define needs to consider endianness also for 32 bit builds.

The "bpf_fancy" test case didn't work on s390 in 32 bit and compat mode
because the LO_ARG define resulted in a BPF program which read the upper
halve of the 64 bit system call arguments instead of the lower halves.
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>

git status should be clean following make allmodconfig && make. Add
a .gitignore file to the samples/seccomp directory to ignore binaries
produced there.
Signed-off-by: NChad Williamson <chad@dahc.us>
Reviewed-By: NWill Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>

This adds an example user-space program that emulates a 3 button mouse
with wheel. It detects keyboard presses and moves the mouse accordingly.

It register a fake HID device to feed the raw HID reports into the kernel.
In this example, you could use uinput to get the same result, but this
shows how to get the same behavior with uhid so you don't need HID parsers
in user-space.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Herrmann <dh.herrmann@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

This change fixes the compilation error triggered here for
i386 allmodconfig in linux-next:
  http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/buildresult/6123842/

Logic attempting to predict the host architecture has been
removed from the Makefile.  Instead, the bpf-direct sample
should now compile on any architecture, but if the architecture
is not supported, it will compile a minimal main() function.

This change also ensures the samples are not compiled when
there is no seccomp filter support.

(Note, I wasn't able to reproduce the error locally, but
 the existing approach was clearly flawed.  This tweak
 should resolve your issue and avoid other future weirdness.)
Reported-by: NPaul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Suggested-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NWill Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>

Documents how system call filtering using Berkeley Packet
Filter programs works and how it may be used.
Includes an example for x86 and a semi-generic
example using a macro-based code generator.
Acked-by: NEric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NWill Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Acked-by: NKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>

v18: - added acked by
     - update no new privs numbers
v17: - remove @compat note and add Pitfalls section for arch checking
       (keescook@chromium.org)
v16: -
v15: -
v14: - rebase/nochanges
v13: - rebase on to 88ebdda6
v12: - comment on the ptrace_event use
     - update arch support comment
     - note the behavior of SECCOMP_RET_DATA when there are multiple filters
       (keescook@chromium.org)
     - lots of samples/ clean up incl 64-bit bpf-direct support
       (markus@chromium.org)
     - rebase to linux-next
v11: - overhaul return value language, updates (keescook@chromium.org)
     - comment on do_exit(SIGSYS)
v10: - update for SIGSYS
     - update for new seccomp_data layout
     - update for ptrace option use
v9: - updated bpf-direct.c for SIGILL
v8: - add PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS to the samples.
v7: - updated for all the new stuff in v7: TRAP, TRACE
    - only talk about PR_SET_SECCOMP now
    - fixed bad JLE32 check (coreyb@linux.vnet.ibm.com)
    - adds dropper.c: a simple system call disabler
v6: - tweak the language to note the requirement of
      PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS being called prior to use. (luto@mit.edu)
v5: - update sample to use system call arguments
    - adds a "fancy" example using a macro-based generator
    - cleaned up bpf in the sample
    - update docs to mention arguments
    - fix prctl value (eparis@redhat.com)
    - language cleanup (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
v4: - update for no_new_privs use
    - minor tweaks
v3: - call out BPF <-> Berkeley Packet Filter (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
    - document use of tentative always-unprivileged
    - guard sample compilation for i386 and x86_64
v2: - move code to samples (corbet@lwn.net)
Signed-off-by: NJames Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>

Add an rpmsg driver sample, which demonstrates how to communicate with
an AMP-configured remote processor over the rpmsg bus.

Note how once probed, the driver can immediately start sending messages
using the rpmsg_send() API, without having to worry about creating endpoints
or allocating rpmsg addresses: all that work is done by the rpmsg bus,
and the required information is already embedded in the rpmsg channel
that the driver is probed with.

In this sample, the driver simply sends a "Hello World!" message to the remote
processor repeatedly.

Designed with Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>.
Signed-off-by: NOhad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>

Signed-off-by: NPaul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: NMichal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>

The perf_event overflow handler does not receive any caller-derived
argument, so many callers need to resort to looking up the perf_event
in their local data structure.  This is ugly and doesn't scale if a
single callback services many perf_events.

Fix by adding a context parameter to perf_event_create_kernel_counter()
(and derived hardware breakpoints APIs) and storing it in the perf_event.
The field can be accessed from the callback as event->overflow_handler_context.
All callers are updated.
Signed-off-by: NAvi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1309362157-6596-2-git-send-email-avi@redhat.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

The nmi parameter indicated if we could do wakeups from the current
context, if not, we would set some state and self-IPI and let the
resulting interrupt do the wakeup.

For the various event classes:

  - hardware: nmi=0; PMI is in fact an NMI or we run irq_work_run from
    the PMI-tail (ARM etc.)
  - tracepoint: nmi=0; since tracepoint could be from NMI context.
  - software: nmi=[0,1]; some, like the schedule thing cannot
    perform wakeups, and hence need 0.

As one can see, there is very little nmi=1 usage, and the down-side of
not using it is that on some platforms some software events can have a
jiffy delay in wakeup (when arch_irq_work_raise isn't implemented).

The up-side however is that we can remove the nmi parameter and save a
bunch of conditionals in fast paths.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Michael Cree <mcree@orcon.net.nz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Deng-Cheng Zhu <dengcheng.zhu@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-agjev8eu666tvknpb3iaj0fg@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

samples/hid-example.o needs some Kconfig and Makefile additions in order
to build.  It should use <linux/*.h> headers from the build tree, so use
HEADERS_CHECK to require that those header files be present.

Change the kconfig symbol from tristate to bool since userspace cannot be
built as loadable modules.

However, I don't understand why the userspace header files are not present
as reported in Andrew's build log, since it builds OK on x86_64 without
any of these changes.
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

On systems where userspace doesn't have new hidraw.h populated to
/usr/include, the hidraw sample won't compile as it's missing the new
ioctl defitions.

Introduce temporary ugly workaround to define the ioctls "manually"
in such cases, just to avoid miscompilation in allmodconfig cases.
Reported-by: NStephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Fixes generated by 'codespell' and manually reviewed.
Signed-off-by: NLucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi>

Documenation for the hidraw driver, with sample program.
Signed-off-by: NAlan Ott <alan@signal11.us>
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>

Add an example of how to add a dynamic kdb shell command via a kernel
module.
Signed-off-by: NJason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>