- 06 8月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 David Gibson 提交于
This patch fixes a crash in the hugepage code. unmap_hugepage_area() was assuming that (due to prefault) PTEs must exist for all the area in question. However, this may not be the case, if mmap() encounters an error before the prefault and calls unmap_region() to clean up any partial mapping. Depending on the hugepage configuration, this crash can be triggered by an unpriveleged user. Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 05 8月, 2005 2 次提交
-
-
由 Simon Derr 提交于
We have found what seems to be a small bug in __vm_enough_memory() when sysctl_overcommit_memory is set to OVERCOMMIT_NEVER. When this bug occurs the systems fails to boot, with /sbin/init whining about fork() returning ENOMEM. We hunted down the problem to this: The deferred update mecanism used in vm_acct_memory(), on a SMP system, allows the vm_committed_space counter to have a negative value. This should not be a problem since this counter is known to be inaccurate. But in __vm_enough_memory() this counter is compared to the `allowed' variable, which is an unsigned long. This comparison is broken since it will consider the negative values of vm_committed_space to be huge positive values, resulting in a memory allocation failure. Signed-off-by: <Jean-Marc.Saffroy@ext.bull.net> Signed-off-by: <Simon.Derr@bull.net> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Hugh Dickins 提交于
mremap's move_vma is applying __vm_stat_account to the old vma which may have already been freed: move it to just before the do_munmap. mremapping to and fro with CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB=y showed /proc/<pid>/status VmSize and VmData wrapping just like in kernel bugzilla #4842, and fixed by this patch - worth including in 2.6.13, though not yet confirmed that it fixes that specific report from Frank van Maarseveen. Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 04 8月, 2005 2 次提交
-
-
由 Linus Torvalds 提交于
The VM_FAULT_WRITE thing is an extra bit, not a valid return value, and has to be treated as such by get_user_pages(). Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Nick Piggin 提交于
Checking pte_dirty instead of pte_write in __follow_page is problematic for s390, and for copy_one_pte which leaves dirty when clearing write. So revert __follow_page to check pte_write as before, and make do_wp_page pass back a special extra VM_FAULT_WRITE bit to say it has done its full job: once get_user_pages receives this value, it no longer requires pte_write in __follow_page. But most callers of handle_mm_fault, in the various architectures, have switch statements which do not expect this new case. To avoid changing them all in a hurry, make an inline wrapper function (using the old name) that masks off the new bit, and use the extended interface with double underscores. Yes, we do have a call to do_wp_page from do_swap_page, but no need to change that: in rare case it's needed, another do_wp_page will follow. Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> [ Cleanups by Nick Piggin ] Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 02 8月, 2005 3 次提交
-
-
由 Eric Dumazet 提交于
A kernel BUG() is triggered by a call to set_mempolicy() with a negative first argument. This is because the mode is declared as an int, and the validity check doesnt check < 0 values. Alternatively, mode could be declared as unsigned int or unsigned long. Signed-off-by: NEric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Hugh Dickins 提交于
x86_64 has a large sparse gate area between VSYSCALL_START and VSYSCALL_END, not all of it presently backed by pmds. Alexander Nyberg has found that in some circumstances gdb may try to ptrace here, and hit get_user_pages BUG_ON. It seems odd that gdb should be accessing here, but it certainly shouldn't crash in this way: relax BUG_ON to -EFAULT. Fixes kernel bugzilla #4801. Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Linus Torvalds 提交于
There's no real guarantee that handle_mm_fault() will always be able to break a COW situation - if an update from another thread ends up modifying the page table some way, handle_mm_fault() may end up requiring us to re-try the operation. That's normally fine, but get_user_pages() ended up re-trying it as a read, and thus a write access could in theory end up losing the dirty bit or be done on a page that had not been properly COW'ed. This makes get_user_pages() always retry write accesses as write accesses by making "follow_page()" require that a writable follow has the dirty bit set. That simplifies the code and solves the race: if the COW break fails for some reason, we'll just loop around and try again. Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 31 7月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Martin J. Bligh 提交于
We are iterating over all nodes in nr_free_zone_pages(). Because the fallback zonelists contain all nodes in the system, and we walk all the zonelists, we're counting memory multiple times (once for each node). This caused us to make a size estimate of 32GB for an 8GB AMD64 box, which makes all the dirty ratio calculations, etc incorrect. There's still a further bug to fix from e820 holes causing overestimation as well, but this fix is separate, and good as is, and fixes one class of problems. Problem found by Badari, and tested by Ram Pai - thanks! Signed-off-by: NMartin J. Bligh <mbligh@mbligh.org> Signed-off-by: NMatt Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 28 7月, 2005 4 次提交
-
-
由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于
Originally __free_pages_bulk used the relative page number within a zone to define its buddies. This meant that to maintain the "maximally aligned" requirements (that an allocation of size N will be aligned at least to N physically) zones had to also be aligned to 1<<MAX_ORDER pages. When __free_pages_bulk was updated to use the relative page frame numbers of the free'd pages to pair buddies this released the alignment constraint on the 'left' edge of the zone. This allows _either_ edge of the zone to contain partial MAX_ORDER sized buddies. These simply never will have matching buddies and thus will never make it to the 'top' of the pyramid. The patch below removes a now redundant check ensuring that the mem_map was aligned to MAX_ORDER. Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 suzuki 提交于
The madvise() system call returns -EBADF for areas which does not map to files, only for *behaviour* request MADV_WILLNEED. According to man pages, madvise returns : EBADF - the map exists, but the area maps something that isn't a file. Fixes bug 2995. Signed-off-by: NSuzuki K P <suzuki@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Andrew Morton 提交于
Fix bug identifued by Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>. oprofile calls check_user_page_readable() from interrupt context, so we deadlock over various VFS locks. But check_user_page_readable() doesn't imply either a read or a write of the page's contents. Change __follow_page() so that check_user_page_readable() can tell __follow_page() that we're not accessing the page's contents, and use that info to avoid the troublesome lock-takings. Also, make follow_page() inline for the single callsite in memory.c to save a bit of stack space. Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Andi Kleen 提交于
All mempolicy changes must be inside the spinlock and readding the rb_erase prevents a crash while doing: > echo "1" > /tmp/numatest > numactl --length=0x4000 --shm /tmp/numatest --localalloc > numactl --length=0x2000 --offset=0 --shm /tmp/numatest --membind=0 > numactl --length=0x2000 --offset=0x2000 --shm /tmp/numatest --membind=1 > ipcs > ipcrm -M "the_key_value_of_this_shm_area" Based on a patch by John Blackwood Cc: <john.blackwood@ccur.com> Cc: <andrea@suse.de> Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 16 7月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Carsten Otte 提交于
This patch includes feedback from Andrew and Christoph. Thanks for taking time to review. Use of empty_zero_page was eliminated to fix compilation for architectures that don't have it. This patch removes setting pages up-to-date in ext2_get_xip_page and all bug checks to verify that the page is indeed up to date. Setting the page state on mapping to userland is bogus. None of the code patchs involved with these pages in mm cares about the page state. still on my ToDo list: identify a place outside second extended where __inode_direct_access should reside Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 13 7月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Geert Uytterhoeven 提交于
mm/filemap_xip.c: In function `__xip_unmap': mm/filemap_xip.c:194: request for member `pte' in something not a structure or union Apparently pte_pfn() takes a pte_t, not a pointer to a pte_t. From looking at asm/page.h, it seems to be the same on ia32 or ppc (iff STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS is enabled, which is disabled by default on ppc). Acked-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 08 7月, 2005 4 次提交
-
-
由 Alexey Dobriyan 提交于
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Anton Blanchard 提交于
We now print statistics when invoking the OOM killer, however this information is not rate limited and you can get into situations where the console is continually spammed. For example, when a task is exiting the OOM killer will simply return (waiting for that task to exit and clear up memory). If the VM continually calls back into the OOM killer we get thousands of copies of show_mem() on the console. Use printk_ratelimit() to quieten it. Signed-off-by: NAnton Blanchard <anton@samba.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Marcelo Tosatti 提交于
Remove completly bogus comment from did_some_progress != 0 handling (that same comment is a few lines below on did_some_progress = 0 case, where it belongs). Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Marcelo Tosatti 提交于
Dump the current allocation order when OOM killing. Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 07 7月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Christoph Lameter 提交于
This patch used to be in Andrew's tree before the NUMA slab allocator went in. Either this patch or the NUMA slab allocator is needed in order for kmalloc_node to work correctly. pcibus_to_node may be used to generate the node information passed to kmalloc_node. pcibus_to_node returns -1 if it was not able to determine on which node a pcibus is located. For that case kmalloc_node must work like kmalloc. Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 29 6月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Pekka J Enberg 提交于
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 28 6月, 2005 1 次提交
-
-
由 Bob Picco 提交于
I spotted this issue while in memmap_init last week. I can't say the change has any test coverage by me. start_pfn was formerly used in main "for" loop. The fix is replace start_pfn with pfn. Signed-off-by: NBob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 26 6月, 2005 7 次提交
-
-
由 Christoph Lameter 提交于
1. Establish a simple API for process freezing defined in linux/include/sched.h: frozen(process) Check for frozen process freezing(process) Check if a process is being frozen freeze(process) Tell a process to freeze (go to refrigerator) thaw_process(process) Restart process frozen_process(process) Process is frozen now 2. Remove all references to PF_FREEZE and PF_FROZEN from all kernel sources except sched.h 3. Fix numerous locations where try_to_freeze is manually done by a driver 4. Remove the argument that is no longer necessary from two function calls. 5. Some whitespace cleanup 6. Clear potential race in refrigerator (provides an open window of PF_FREEZE cleared before setting PF_FROZEN, recalc_sigpending does not check PF_FROZEN). This patch does not address the problem of freeze_processes() violating the rule that a task may only modify its own flags by setting PF_FREEZE. This is not clean in an SMP environment. freeze(process) is therefore not SMP safe! Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Nick Wilson 提交于
This patch makes use of ALIGN() to remove duplicate round-up code. Signed-off-by: NNick Wilson <njw@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Vivek Goyal 提交于
This patch retrieves the max_pfn being used by previous kernel and stores it in a safe location (saved_max_pfn) before it is overwritten due to user defined memory map. This pfn is used to make sure that user does not try to read the physical memory beyond saved_max_pfn. Signed-off-by: NVivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Badari Pulavarty 提交于
Here is the fix for the problem described in http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4721 Basically, problem is generic_file_buffered_write() is accessing beyond end of the iov[] vector after handling the last vector. If we happen to cross page boundary, we get a fault. I think this simple patch is good enough. If we really don't want to depend on the "count", then we need pass nr_segs to filemap_set_next_iovec() and decrement it and check it. Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Pavel Machek 提交于
CONFIG_PM_DISK is long gone, but it still managed to survived at few places. Signed-off-by: NPavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Hugh Dickins 提交于
Out-of-tree user of remap_pfn_range hit kernel BUG at mm/memory.c:1112! It passes an unrounded size to remap_pfn_range, which was okay before 2.6.12, but misses remap_pte_range's new end condition. An audit of all the other ptwalks confirms that this is the only one so exposed. Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Hifumi Hisashi 提交于
Fix a bug on error handling in the direct I/O function. Currently, if a file is opened with the O_DIRECT|O_SYNC flag, the write() syscall cannot receive the EIO error after an I/O error (SCSI cable is disconnected etc.). Return values of other points that call generic_osync_inode() are treated appropriately. Signed-off-by: NHisashi Hifumi <hifumi.hisashi@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
- 24 6月, 2005 11 次提交
-
-
由 Carsten Otte 提交于
Make sys_madvice/fadvice return sane with xip. Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Carsten Otte 提交于
This patch reworks filemap_xip.c with the goal to reduce code duplication from mm/filemap.c. It applies agains 2.6.12-rc6-mm1. Instead of implementing the aio functions, this one implements the synchronous read/write functions only. For readv and writev, the generic fallback is used. For aio, we rely on the application doing the fallback. Since our "synchronous" function does memcpy immediately anyway, there is no performance difference between using the fallbacks or implementing each operation. Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Carsten Otte 提交于
- generic_file* file operations do no longer have a xip/non-xip split - filemap_xip.c implements a new set of fops that require get_xip_page aop to work proper. all new fops are exported GPL-only (don't like to see whatever code use those except GPL modules) - __xip_unmap now uses page_check_address, which is no longer static in rmap.c, and defined in linux/rmap.h - mm/filemap.h is now much more clean, plainly having just Linus' inline funcs moved here from filemap.c - fix includes in filemap_xip to make it build cleanly on i386 Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Martin Waitz 提交于
This patch updates some comments to match code changes. Signed-off-by: NMartin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Christoph Lameter 提交于
The following patch removes the f_error field and all checks of f_error. Trond said: f_error was introduced for NFS, and made sense when we were guaranteed always to have a file pointer around when write errors occurred. Since then, we have (for various reasons) had to introduce the nfs_open_context in order to track the file read/write state, and it made sense to move our f_error tracking there too. Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> Acked-by: NTrond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Benjamin LaHaise 提交于
Here's a small patch to improve the performance of mempool_alloc by only initializing the wait queue when we're about to wait. Signed-off-by: NBenjamin LaHaise <benjamin.c.lahaise@intel.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Pekka Enberg 提交于
This patch removes redundant VM_ClearReadHint from mm/madvice.c which was left there by Prasanna's patch. Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Paulo Marques 提交于
This patch creates a new kstrdup library function and changes the "local" implementations in several places to use this function. Most of the changes come from the sound and net subsystems. The sound part had already been acknowledged by Takashi Iwai and the net part by David S. Miller. I left UML alone for now because I would need more time to read the code carefully before making changes there. Signed-off-by: NPaulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Christoph Lameter 提交于
Patch to allocate the control structures for for ide devices on the node of the device itself (for NUMA systems). The patch depends on the Slab API change patch by Manfred and me (in mm) and the pcidev_to_node patch that I posted today. Does some realignment too. Signed-off-by: NJustin M. Forbes <jmforbes@linuxtx.org> Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com> Signed-off-by: NPravin Shelar <pravin@calsoftinc.com> Signed-off-by: NShobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于
Make sparse's initalization be accessible at runtime. This allows sparse mappings to be created after boot in a hotplug situation. This patch is separated from the previous one just to give an indication how much of the sparse infrastructure is *just* for hotplug memory. The section_mem_map doesn't really store a pointer. It stores something that is convenient to do some math against to get a pointer. It isn't valid to just do *section_mem_map, so I don't think it should be stored as a pointer. There are a couple of things I'd like to store about a section. First of all, the fact that it is !NULL does not mean that it is present. There could be such a combination where section_mem_map *is* NULL, but the math gets you properly to a real mem_map. So, I don't think that check is safe. Since we're storing 32-bit-aligned structures, we have a few bits in the bottom of the pointer to play with. Use one bit to encode whether there's really a mem_map there, and the other one to tell whether there's a valid section there. We need to distinguish between the two because sometimes there's a gap between when a section is discovered to be present and when we can get the mem_map for it. Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: NBob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-
由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于
The part of the sparsemem patch which modifies memmap_init_zone() has recently become a problem. It changes behavior so that there is a call to pfn_to_page() for each individual page inside of a node's range: node_start_pfn through node_end_pfn. It used to simply do this once, at the beginning of the node, but having sparsemem's non-contiguous mem_map[]s inside of a node made it necessary to change. Mike Kravetz recently wrote a patch which made the NUMA code accept some new kinds of layouts. The system's memory was laid out like this, with node 0's memory in two pieces: one before and one after node 1's memory: Node 0: +++++ +++++ Node 1: +++++ Previous behavior before Mike's patch was to assign nodes like this: Node 0: 00000 XXXXX Node 1: 11111 Where the 'X' areas were simply thrown away. The new behavior was to make the pg_data_t span node 0 across all of its areas, including areas that are really node 1's: Node 0: 000000000000000 Node 1: 11111 This wastes a little bit of mem_map space, but ends up being OK, and more fully utilizes the system's memory. memmap_init_zone() initializes all of the "struct page"s for node 0, even for the "hole", but those never get used, because there is no pfn_to_page() that resolves to those pages. However, only calling pfn_to_page() once, memmap_init_zone() always uses the pages that were allocated for node0->node_mem_map because: struct page *start = pfn_to_page(start_pfn); // effectively start = &node->node_mem_map[0] for (page = start; page < (start + size); page++) { init_page_here();... page++; } Slow, and wasteful, but generally harmless. But, modify that to call pfn_to_page() for each loop iteration (like sparsemem does): for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < < (start_pfn + size); pfn++++) { page = pfn_to_page(pfn); } And you end up trying to initialize node 1's pages too early, along with bogus data from node 0. This patch checks for those weird layouts and declines to touch the pages, making the more frequent pfn_to_page() calls OK to do. Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org> Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
-