[PATCH] FUSE - core

This patch adds FUSE core.

This contains the following files:

 o inode.c
    - superblock operations (alloc_inode, destroy_inode, read_inode,
      clear_inode, put_super, show_options)
    - registers FUSE filesystem

 o fuse_i.h
    - private header file

Requirements
============

 The most important difference between orinary filesystems and FUSE is
 the fact, that the filesystem data/metadata is provided by a userspace
 process run with the privileges of the mount "owner" instead of the
 kernel, or some remote entity usually running with elevated
 privileges.

 The security implication of this is that a non-privileged user must
 not be able to use this capability to compromise the system.  Obvious
 requirements arising from this are:

  - mount owner should not be able to get elevated privileges with the
    help of the mounted filesystem

  - mount owner should not be able to induce undesired behavior in
    other users' or the super user's processes

  - mount owner should not get illegitimate access to information from
    other users' and the super user's processes

 These are currently ensured with the following constraints:

  1) mount is only allowed to directory or file which the mount owner
    can modify without limitation (write access + no sticky bit for
    directories)

  2) nosuid,nodev mount options are forced

  3) any process running with fsuid different from the owner is denied
     all access to the filesystem

 1) and 2) are ensured by the "fusermount" mount utility which is a
    setuid root application doing the actual mount operation.

 3) is ensured by a check in the permission() method in kernel

 I started thinking about doing 3) in a different way because Christoph
 H. made a big deal out of it, saying that FUSE is unacceptable into
 mainline in this form.

 The suggested use of private namespaces would be OK, but in their
 current form have many limitations that make their use impractical (as
 discussed in this thread).

 Suggested improvements that would address these limitations:

   - implement shared subtrees

   - allow a process to join an existing namespace (make namespaces
     first-class objects)

   - implement the namespace creation/joining in a PAM module

 With all that in place the check of owner against current->fsuid may
 be removed from the FUSE kernel module, without compromising the
 security requirements.

 Suid programs still interesting questions, since they get access even
 to the private namespace causing some information leak (exact
 order/timing of filesystem operations performed), giving some
 ptrace-like capabilities to unprivileged users.  BTW this problem is
 not strictly limited to the namespace approach, since suid programs
 setting fsuid and accessing users' files will succeed with the current
 approach too.
Signed-off-by: NMiklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

fs/fuse/Makefile

+#
+# Makefile for the FUSE filesystem.
+#
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_FUSE_FS) += fuse.o
+
+fuse-objs := inode.o

fs/fuse/fuse_i.h

+/*
+  FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+  Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+  This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+  See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include <linux/fuse.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <asm/semaphore.h>
+
+/** FUSE inode */
+struct fuse_inode {
+	/** Inode data */
+	struct inode inode;
+
+	/** Unique ID, which identifies the inode between userspace
+	 * and kernel */
+	u64 nodeid;
+
+	/** Time in jiffies until the file attributes are valid */
+	unsigned long i_time;
+};
+
+/**
+ * A Fuse connection.
+ *
+ * This structure is created, when the filesystem is mounted, and is
+ * destroyed, when the client device is closed and the filesystem is
+ * unmounted.
+ */
+struct fuse_conn {
+	/** The superblock of the mounted filesystem */
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	/** The user id for this mount */
+	uid_t user_id;
+
+	/** Backing dev info */
+	struct backing_dev_info bdi;
+};
+
+static inline struct fuse_conn **get_fuse_conn_super_p(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return (struct fuse_conn **) &sb->s_fs_info;
+}
+
+static inline struct fuse_conn *get_fuse_conn_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return *get_fuse_conn_super_p(sb);
+}
+
+static inline struct fuse_conn *get_fuse_conn(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return get_fuse_conn_super(inode->i_sb);
+}
+
+static inline struct fuse_inode *get_fuse_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return container_of(inode, struct fuse_inode, inode);
+}
+
+static inline u64 get_node_id(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return get_fuse_inode(inode)->nodeid;
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is the single global spinlock which protects FUSE's structures
+ *
+ * The following data is protected by this lock:
+ *
+ *  - the s_fs_info field of the super block
+ *  - the sb (super_block) field in fuse_conn
+ */
+extern spinlock_t fuse_lock;
+
+/**
+ * Check if the connection can be released, and if yes, then free the
+ * connection structure
+ */
+void fuse_release_conn(struct fuse_conn *fc);
+

fs/fuse/inode.c

+/*
+  FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+  Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+  This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+  See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+#include "fuse_i.h"
+
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/parser.h>
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Filesystem in Userspace");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+spinlock_t fuse_lock;
+static kmem_cache_t *fuse_inode_cachep;
+static int mount_count;
+
+static int mount_max = 1000;
+module_param(mount_max, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(mount_max, "Maximum number of FUSE mounts allowed, if -1 then unlimited (default: 1000)");
+
+#define FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC 0x65735546
+
+struct fuse_mount_data {
+	int fd;
+	unsigned rootmode;
+	unsigned user_id;
+};
+
+static struct inode *fuse_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct fuse_inode *fi;
+
+	inode = kmem_cache_alloc(fuse_inode_cachep, SLAB_KERNEL);
+	if (!inode)
+		return NULL;
+
+	fi = get_fuse_inode(inode);
+	fi->i_time = jiffies - 1;
+	fi->nodeid = 0;
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static void fuse_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	kmem_cache_free(fuse_inode_cachep, inode);
+}
+
+static void fuse_read_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	/* No op */
+}
+
+static void fuse_clear_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+}
+
+void fuse_change_attributes(struct inode *inode, struct fuse_attr *attr)
+{
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && i_size_read(inode) != attr->size)
+		invalidate_inode_pages(inode->i_mapping);
+
+	inode->i_ino     = attr->ino;
+	inode->i_mode    = (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) + (attr->mode & 07777);
+	inode->i_nlink   = attr->nlink;
+	inode->i_uid     = attr->uid;
+	inode->i_gid     = attr->gid;
+	i_size_write(inode, attr->size);
+	inode->i_blksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+	inode->i_blocks  = attr->blocks;
+	inode->i_atime.tv_sec   = attr->atime;
+	inode->i_atime.tv_nsec  = attr->atimensec;
+	inode->i_mtime.tv_sec   = attr->mtime;
+	inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec  = attr->mtimensec;
+	inode->i_ctime.tv_sec   = attr->ctime;
+	inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec  = attr->ctimensec;
+}
+
+static void fuse_init_inode(struct inode *inode, struct fuse_attr *attr)
+{
+	inode->i_mode = attr->mode & S_IFMT;
+	i_size_write(inode, attr->size);
+}
+
+static int fuse_inode_eq(struct inode *inode, void *_nodeidp)
+{
+	unsigned long nodeid = *(unsigned long *) _nodeidp;
+	if (get_node_id(inode) == nodeid)
+		return 1;
+	else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+static int fuse_inode_set(struct inode *inode, void *_nodeidp)
+{
+	unsigned long nodeid = *(unsigned long *) _nodeidp;
+	get_fuse_inode(inode)->nodeid = nodeid;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct inode *fuse_iget(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long nodeid,
+			int generation, struct fuse_attr *attr, int version)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn_super(sb);
+	int retried = 0;
+
+ retry:
+	inode = iget5_locked(sb, nodeid, fuse_inode_eq, fuse_inode_set, &nodeid);
+	if (!inode)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if ((inode->i_state & I_NEW)) {
+		inode->i_generation = generation;
+		inode->i_data.backing_dev_info = &fc->bdi;
+		fuse_init_inode(inode, attr);
+		unlock_new_inode(inode);
+	} else if ((inode->i_mode ^ attr->mode) & S_IFMT) {
+		BUG_ON(retried);
+		/* Inode has changed type, any I/O on the old should fail */
+		make_bad_inode(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+		retried = 1;
+		goto retry;
+	}
+
+	fuse_change_attributes(inode, attr);
+	inode->i_version = version;
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static void fuse_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn_super(sb);
+
+	spin_lock(&fuse_lock);
+	mount_count --;
+	fc->sb = NULL;
+	fc->user_id = 0;
+	fuse_release_conn(fc);
+	*get_fuse_conn_super_p(sb) = NULL;
+	spin_unlock(&fuse_lock);
+}
+
+enum {
+	OPT_FD,
+	OPT_ROOTMODE,
+	OPT_USER_ID,
+	OPT_DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS,
+	OPT_ALLOW_OTHER,
+	OPT_ALLOW_ROOT,
+	OPT_KERNEL_CACHE,
+	OPT_ERR
+};
+
+static match_table_t tokens = {
+	{OPT_FD,			"fd=%u"},
+	{OPT_ROOTMODE,			"rootmode=%o"},
+	{OPT_USER_ID,			"user_id=%u"},
+	{OPT_DEFAULT_PERMISSIONS,	"default_permissions"},
+	{OPT_ALLOW_OTHER,		"allow_other"},
+	{OPT_ALLOW_ROOT,		"allow_root"},
+	{OPT_KERNEL_CACHE,		"kernel_cache"},
+	{OPT_ERR,			NULL}
+};
+
+static int parse_fuse_opt(char *opt, struct fuse_mount_data *d)
+{
+	char *p;
+	memset(d, 0, sizeof(struct fuse_mount_data));
+	d->fd = -1;
+
+	while ((p = strsep(&opt, ",")) != NULL) {
+		int token;
+		int value;
+		substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
+		if (!*p)
+			continue;
+
+		token = match_token(p, tokens, args);
+		switch (token) {
+		case OPT_FD:
+			if (match_int(&args[0], &value))
+				return 0;
+			d->fd = value;
+			break;
+
+		case OPT_ROOTMODE:
+			if (match_octal(&args[0], &value))
+				return 0;
+			d->rootmode = value;
+			break;
+
+		case OPT_USER_ID:
+			if (match_int(&args[0], &value))
+				return 0;
+			d->user_id = value;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (d->fd == -1)
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int fuse_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct vfsmount *mnt)
+{
+	struct fuse_conn *fc = get_fuse_conn_super(mnt->mnt_sb);
+
+	seq_printf(m, ",user_id=%u", fc->user_id);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void fuse_release_conn(struct fuse_conn *fc)
+{
+	kfree(fc);
+}
+
+static struct fuse_conn *new_conn(void)
+{
+	struct fuse_conn *fc;
+
+	fc = kmalloc(sizeof(*fc), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (fc != NULL) {
+		memset(fc, 0, sizeof(*fc));
+		fc->sb = NULL;
+		fc->user_id = 0;
+		fc->bdi.ra_pages = (VM_MAX_READAHEAD * 1024) / PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+		fc->bdi.unplug_io_fn = default_unplug_io_fn;
+	}
+	return fc;
+}
+
+static struct fuse_conn *get_conn(struct file *file, struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct fuse_conn *fc;
+
+	fc = new_conn();
+	if (fc == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+	spin_lock(&fuse_lock);
+	fc->sb = sb;
+	spin_unlock(&fuse_lock);
+	return fc;
+}
+
+static struct inode *get_root_inode(struct super_block *sb, unsigned mode)
+{
+	struct fuse_attr attr;
+	memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
+
+	attr.mode = mode;
+	attr.ino = FUSE_ROOT_ID;
+	return fuse_iget(sb, 1, 0, &attr, 0);
+}
+
+static struct super_operations fuse_super_operations = {
+	.alloc_inode    = fuse_alloc_inode,
+	.destroy_inode  = fuse_destroy_inode,
+	.read_inode	= fuse_read_inode,
+	.clear_inode	= fuse_clear_inode,
+	.put_super	= fuse_put_super,
+	.show_options	= fuse_show_options,
+};
+
+static int inc_mount_count(void)
+{
+	int success = 0;
+	spin_lock(&fuse_lock);
+	mount_count ++;
+	if (mount_max == -1 || mount_count <= mount_max)
+		success = 1;
+	spin_unlock(&fuse_lock);
+	return success;
+}
+
+static int fuse_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
+{
+	struct fuse_conn *fc;
+	struct inode *root;
+	struct fuse_mount_data d;
+	struct file *file;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!parse_fuse_opt((char *) data, &d))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
+	sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
+	sb->s_magic = FUSE_SUPER_MAGIC;
+	sb->s_op = &fuse_super_operations;
+	sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
+
+	file = fget(d.fd);
+	if (!file)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	fc = get_conn(file, sb);
+	fput(file);
+	if (fc == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	fc->user_id = d.user_id;
+
+	*get_fuse_conn_super_p(sb) = fc;
+
+	err = -ENFILE;
+	if (!inc_mount_count() && current->uid != 0)
+		goto err;
+
+	err = -ENOMEM;
+	root = get_root_inode(sb, d.rootmode);
+	if (root == NULL)
+		goto err;
+
+	sb->s_root = d_alloc_root(root);
+	if (!sb->s_root) {
+		iput(root);
+		goto err;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+ err:
+	spin_lock(&fuse_lock);
+	mount_count --;
+	fc->sb = NULL;
+	fuse_release_conn(fc);
+	spin_unlock(&fuse_lock);
+	*get_fuse_conn_super_p(sb) = NULL;
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct super_block *fuse_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
+				       int flags, const char *dev_name,
+				       void *raw_data)
+{
+	return get_sb_nodev(fs_type, flags, raw_data, fuse_fill_super);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type fuse_fs_type = {
+	.owner		= THIS_MODULE,
+	.name		= "fuse",
+	.get_sb		= fuse_get_sb,
+	.kill_sb	= kill_anon_super,
+};
+
+static void fuse_inode_init_once(void *foo, kmem_cache_t *cachep,
+				 unsigned long flags)
+{
+	struct inode * inode = foo;
+
+	if ((flags & (SLAB_CTOR_VERIFY|SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR)) ==
+	    SLAB_CTOR_CONSTRUCTOR)
+		inode_init_once(inode);
+}
+
+static int __init fuse_fs_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = register_filesystem(&fuse_fs_type);
+	if (err)
+		printk("fuse: failed to register filesystem\n");
+	else {
+		fuse_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("fuse_inode",
+						      sizeof(struct fuse_inode),
+						      0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN,
+						      fuse_inode_init_once, NULL);
+		if (!fuse_inode_cachep) {
+			unregister_filesystem(&fuse_fs_type);
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void fuse_fs_cleanup(void)
+{
+	unregister_filesystem(&fuse_fs_type);
+	kmem_cache_destroy(fuse_inode_cachep);
+}
+
+static int __init fuse_init(void)
+{
+	int res;
+
+	printk("fuse init (API version %i.%i)\n",
+	       FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION, FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION);
+
+	spin_lock_init(&fuse_lock);
+	res = fuse_fs_init();
+	if (res)
+		goto err;
+
+	return 0;
+
+ err:
+	return res;
+}
+
+static void __exit fuse_exit(void)
+{
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "fuse exit\n");
+
+	fuse_fs_cleanup();
+}
+
+module_init(fuse_init);
+module_exit(fuse_exit);

include/linux/fuse.h

+/*
+    FUSE: Filesystem in Userspace
+    Copyright (C) 2001-2005  Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+    This program can be distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL.
+    See the file COPYING.
+*/
+
+/* This file defines the kernel interface of FUSE */
+
+#include <asm/types.h>
+
+/** Version number of this interface */
+#define FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION 5
+
+/** Minor version number of this interface */
+#define FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION 1
+
+/** The node ID of the root inode */
+#define FUSE_ROOT_ID 1
+
+struct fuse_attr {
+	__u64	ino;
+	__u64	size;
+	__u64	blocks;
+	__u64	atime;
+	__u64	mtime;
+	__u64	ctime;
+	__u32	atimensec;
+	__u32	mtimensec;
+	__u32	ctimensec;
+	__u32	mode;
+	__u32	nlink;
+	__u32	uid;
+	__u32	gid;
+	__u32	rdev;
+};
+