fastmap.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012 Linutronix GmbH
 * Copyright (c) 2014 sigma star gmbh
 * Author: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; version 2.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 */

#include <linux/crc32.h>
#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include "ubi.h"

/**
 * init_seen - allocate memory for used for debugging.
 * @ubi: UBI device description object
 */
static inline unsigned long *init_seen(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{
	unsigned long *ret;

	if (!ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi))
		return NULL;

	ret = kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(ubi->peb_count), sizeof(unsigned long),
		      GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ret)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	return ret;
}

/**
 * free_seen - free the seen logic integer array.
 * @seen: integer array of @ubi->peb_count size
 */
static inline void free_seen(unsigned long *seen)
{
	kfree(seen);
}

/**
 * set_seen - mark a PEB as seen.
 * @ubi: UBI device description object
 * @pnum: The PEB to be makred as seen
 * @seen: integer array of @ubi->peb_count size
 */
static inline void set_seen(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum, unsigned long *seen)
{
	if (!ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi) || !seen)
		return;

	set_bit(pnum, seen);
}

/**
 * self_check_seen - check whether all PEB have been seen by fastmap.
 * @ubi: UBI device description object
 * @seen: integer array of @ubi->peb_count size
 */
static int self_check_seen(struct ubi_device *ubi, unsigned long *seen)
{
	int pnum, ret = 0;

	if (!ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi) || !seen)
		return 0;

	for (pnum = 0; pnum < ubi->peb_count; pnum++) {
		if (test_bit(pnum, seen) && ubi->lookuptbl[pnum]) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "self-check failed for PEB %d, fastmap didn't see it", pnum);
			ret = -EINVAL;
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

/**
 * ubi_calc_fm_size - calculates the fastmap size in bytes for an UBI device.
 * @ubi: UBI device description object
 */
size_t ubi_calc_fm_size(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{
	size_t size;

	size = sizeof(struct ubi_fm_sb) +
		sizeof(struct ubi_fm_hdr) +
		sizeof(struct ubi_fm_scan_pool) +
		sizeof(struct ubi_fm_scan_pool) +
		(ubi->peb_count * sizeof(struct ubi_fm_ec)) +
		(sizeof(struct ubi_fm_eba) +
		(ubi->peb_count * sizeof(__be32))) +
		sizeof(struct ubi_fm_volhdr) * UBI_MAX_VOLUMES;
	return roundup(size, ubi->leb_size);
}


/**
 * new_fm_vhdr - allocate a new volume header for fastmap usage.
 * @ubi: UBI device description object
 * @vol_id: the VID of the new header
 *
 * Returns a new struct ubi_vid_hdr on success.
 * NULL indicates out of memory.
 */
static struct ubi_vid_hdr *new_fm_vhdr(struct ubi_device *ubi, int vol_id)
{
	struct ubi_vid_hdr *new;

	new = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new)
		goto out;

	new->vol_type = UBI_VID_DYNAMIC;
	new->vol_id = cpu_to_be32(vol_id);

	/* UBI implementations without fastmap support have to delete the
	 * fastmap.
	 */
	new->compat = UBI_COMPAT_DELETE;

out:
	return new;
}

/**
 * add_aeb - create and add a attach erase block to a given list.
 * @ai: UBI attach info object
 * @list: the target list
 * @pnum: PEB number of the new attach erase block
 * @ec: erease counter of the new LEB
 * @scrub: scrub this PEB after attaching
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int add_aeb(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, struct list_head *list,
		   int pnum, int ec, int scrub)
{
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;

	aeb = ubi_alloc_aeb(ai, pnum, ec);
	if (!aeb)
		return -ENOMEM;

	aeb->lnum = -1;
	aeb->scrub = scrub;
	aeb->copy_flag = aeb->sqnum = 0;

	ai->ec_sum += aeb->ec;
	ai->ec_count++;

	if (ai->max_ec < aeb->ec)
		ai->max_ec = aeb->ec;

	if (ai->min_ec > aeb->ec)
		ai->min_ec = aeb->ec;

	list_add_tail(&aeb->u.list, list);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * add_vol - create and add a new volume to ubi_attach_info.
 * @ai: ubi_attach_info object
 * @vol_id: VID of the new volume
 * @used_ebs: number of used EBS
 * @data_pad: data padding value of the new volume
 * @vol_type: volume type
 * @last_eb_bytes: number of bytes in the last LEB
 *
 * Returns the new struct ubi_ainf_volume on success.
 * NULL indicates an error.
 */
static struct ubi_ainf_volume *add_vol(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int vol_id,
				       int used_ebs, int data_pad, u8 vol_type,
				       int last_eb_bytes)
{
	struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;

	av = ubi_add_av(ai, vol_id);
	if (IS_ERR(av))
		return av;

	av->data_pad = data_pad;
	av->last_data_size = last_eb_bytes;
	av->compat = 0;
	av->vol_type = vol_type;
	if (av->vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME)
		av->used_ebs = used_ebs;

	dbg_bld("found volume (ID %i)", vol_id);
	return av;
}

/**
 * assign_aeb_to_av - assigns a SEB to a given ainf_volume and removes it
 * from it's original list.
 * @ai: ubi_attach_info object
 * @aeb: the to be assigned SEB
 * @av: target scan volume
 */
static void assign_aeb_to_av(struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
			     struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb,
			     struct ubi_ainf_volume *av)
{
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *tmp_aeb;
	struct rb_node **p = &ai->volumes.rb_node, *parent = NULL;

	p = &av->root.rb_node;
	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;

		tmp_aeb = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.rb);
		if (aeb->lnum != tmp_aeb->lnum) {
			if (aeb->lnum < tmp_aeb->lnum)
				p = &(*p)->rb_left;
			else
				p = &(*p)->rb_right;

			continue;
		} else
			break;
	}

	list_del(&aeb->u.list);
	av->leb_count++;

	rb_link_node(&aeb->u.rb, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&aeb->u.rb, &av->root);
}

/**
 * update_vol - inserts or updates a LEB which was found a pool.
 * @ubi: the UBI device object
 * @ai: attach info object
 * @av: the volume this LEB belongs to
 * @new_vh: the volume header derived from new_aeb
 * @new_aeb: the AEB to be examined
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int update_vol(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
		      struct ubi_ainf_volume *av, struct ubi_vid_hdr *new_vh,
		      struct ubi_ainf_peb *new_aeb)
{
	struct rb_node **p = &av->root.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *victim;
	int cmp_res;

	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		aeb = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.rb);

		if (be32_to_cpu(new_vh->lnum) != aeb->lnum) {
			if (be32_to_cpu(new_vh->lnum) < aeb->lnum)
				p = &(*p)->rb_left;
			else
				p = &(*p)->rb_right;

			continue;
		}

		/* This case can happen if the fastmap gets written
		 * because of a volume change (creation, deletion, ..).
		 * Then a PEB can be within the persistent EBA and the pool.
		 */
		if (aeb->pnum == new_aeb->pnum) {
			ubi_assert(aeb->lnum == new_aeb->lnum);
			ubi_free_aeb(ai, new_aeb);

			return 0;
		}

		cmp_res = ubi_compare_lebs(ubi, aeb, new_aeb->pnum, new_vh);
		if (cmp_res < 0)
			return cmp_res;

		/* new_aeb is newer */
		if (cmp_res & 1) {
			victim = ubi_alloc_aeb(ai, aeb->ec, aeb->pnum);
			if (!victim)
				return -ENOMEM;

			list_add_tail(&victim->u.list, &ai->erase);

			if (av->highest_lnum == be32_to_cpu(new_vh->lnum))
				av->last_data_size =
					be32_to_cpu(new_vh->data_size);

			dbg_bld("vol %i: AEB %i's PEB %i is the newer",
				av->vol_id, aeb->lnum, new_aeb->pnum);

			aeb->ec = new_aeb->ec;
			aeb->pnum = new_aeb->pnum;
			aeb->copy_flag = new_vh->copy_flag;
			aeb->scrub = new_aeb->scrub;
			ubi_free_aeb(ai, new_aeb);

		/* new_aeb is older */
		} else {
			dbg_bld("vol %i: AEB %i's PEB %i is old, dropping it",
				av->vol_id, aeb->lnum, new_aeb->pnum);
			list_add_tail(&new_aeb->u.list, &ai->erase);
		}

		return 0;
	}
	/* This LEB is new, let's add it to the volume */

	if (av->highest_lnum <= be32_to_cpu(new_vh->lnum)) {
		av->highest_lnum = be32_to_cpu(new_vh->lnum);
		av->last_data_size = be32_to_cpu(new_vh->data_size);
	}

	if (av->vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME)
		av->used_ebs = be32_to_cpu(new_vh->used_ebs);

	av->leb_count++;

	rb_link_node(&new_aeb->u.rb, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&new_aeb->u.rb, &av->root);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * process_pool_aeb - we found a non-empty PEB in a pool.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @ai: attach info object
 * @new_vh: the volume header derived from new_aeb
 * @new_aeb: the AEB to be examined
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int process_pool_aeb(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
			    struct ubi_vid_hdr *new_vh,
			    struct ubi_ainf_peb *new_aeb)
{
	int vol_id = be32_to_cpu(new_vh->vol_id);
	struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;

	if (vol_id == UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID || vol_id == UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID) {
		ubi_free_aeb(ai, new_aeb);

		return 0;
	}

	/* Find the volume this SEB belongs to */
	av = ubi_find_av(ai, vol_id);
	if (!av) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "orphaned volume in fastmap pool!");
		ubi_free_aeb(ai, new_aeb);
		return UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
	}

	ubi_assert(vol_id == av->vol_id);

	return update_vol(ubi, ai, av, new_vh, new_aeb);
}

/**
 * unmap_peb - unmap a PEB.
 * If fastmap detects a free PEB in the pool it has to check whether
 * this PEB has been unmapped after writing the fastmap.
 *
 * @ai: UBI attach info object
 * @pnum: The PEB to be unmapped
 */
static void unmap_peb(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int pnum)
{
	struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
	struct rb_node *node, *node2;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;

	ubi_rb_for_each_entry(node, av, &ai->volumes, rb) {
		ubi_rb_for_each_entry(node2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb) {
			if (aeb->pnum == pnum) {
				rb_erase(&aeb->u.rb, &av->root);
				av->leb_count--;
				ubi_free_aeb(ai, aeb);
				return;
			}
		}
	}
}

/**
 * scan_pool - scans a pool for changed (no longer empty PEBs).
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @ai: attach info object
 * @pebs: an array of all PEB numbers in the to be scanned pool
 * @pool_size: size of the pool (number of entries in @pebs)
 * @max_sqnum: pointer to the maximal sequence number
 * @free: list of PEBs which are most likely free (and go into @ai->free)
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, if the pool is unusable UBI_BAD_FASTMAP is returned.
 * < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int scan_pool(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
		     __be32 *pebs, int pool_size, unsigned long long *max_sqnum,
		     struct list_head *free)
{
	struct ubi_vid_hdr *vh;
	struct ubi_ec_hdr *ech;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *new_aeb;
	int i, pnum, err, ret = 0;

	ech = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ech)
		return -ENOMEM;

	vh = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!vh) {
		kfree(ech);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	dbg_bld("scanning fastmap pool: size = %i", pool_size);

	/*
	 * Now scan all PEBs in the pool to find changes which have been made
	 * after the creation of the fastmap
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < pool_size; i++) {
		int scrub = 0;
		int image_seq;

		pnum = be32_to_cpu(pebs[i]);

		if (ubi_io_is_bad(ubi, pnum)) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "bad PEB in fastmap pool!");
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto out;
		}

		err = ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ech, 0);
		if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to read EC header! PEB:%i err:%i",
				pnum, err);
			ret = err > 0 ? UBI_BAD_FASTMAP : err;
			goto out;
		} else if (err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
			scrub = 1;

		/*
		 * Older UBI implementations have image_seq set to zero, so
		 * we shouldn't fail if image_seq == 0.
		 */
		image_seq = be32_to_cpu(ech->image_seq);

		if (image_seq && (image_seq != ubi->image_seq)) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "bad image seq: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
				be32_to_cpu(ech->image_seq), ubi->image_seq);
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto out;
		}

		err = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, pnum, vh, 0);
		if (err == UBI_IO_FF || err == UBI_IO_FF_BITFLIPS) {
			unsigned long long ec = be64_to_cpu(ech->ec);
			unmap_peb(ai, pnum);
			dbg_bld("Adding PEB to free: %i", pnum);

			if (err == UBI_IO_FF_BITFLIPS)
				scrub = 1;

			add_aeb(ai, free, pnum, ec, scrub);
			continue;
		} else if (err == 0 || err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
			dbg_bld("Found non empty PEB:%i in pool", pnum);

			if (err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
				scrub = 1;

			new_aeb = ubi_alloc_aeb(ai, pnum, be64_to_cpu(ech->ec));
			if (!new_aeb) {
				ret = -ENOMEM;
				goto out;
			}

			new_aeb->lnum = be32_to_cpu(vh->lnum);
			new_aeb->sqnum = be64_to_cpu(vh->sqnum);
			new_aeb->copy_flag = vh->copy_flag;
			new_aeb->scrub = scrub;

			if (*max_sqnum < new_aeb->sqnum)
				*max_sqnum = new_aeb->sqnum;

			err = process_pool_aeb(ubi, ai, vh, new_aeb);
			if (err) {
				ret = err > 0 ? UBI_BAD_FASTMAP : err;
				goto out;
			}
		} else {
			/* We are paranoid and fall back to scanning mode */
			ubi_err(ubi, "fastmap pool PEBs contains damaged PEBs!");
			ret = err > 0 ? UBI_BAD_FASTMAP : err;
			goto out;
		}

	}

out:
	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
	kfree(ech);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * count_fastmap_pebs - Counts the PEBs found by fastmap.
 * @ai: The UBI attach info object
 */
static int count_fastmap_pebs(struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
{
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
	struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
	struct rb_node *rb1, *rb2;
	int n = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->erase, u.list)
		n++;

	list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->free, u.list)
		n++;

	ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb1, av, &ai->volumes, rb)
		ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb)
			n++;

	return n;
}

/**
 * ubi_attach_fastmap - creates ubi_attach_info from a fastmap.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @ai: UBI attach info object
 * @fm: the fastmap to be attached
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, UBI_BAD_FASTMAP if the found fastmap was unusable.
 * < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int ubi_attach_fastmap(struct ubi_device *ubi,
			      struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
			      struct ubi_fastmap_layout *fm)
{
	struct list_head used, free;
	struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *tmp_aeb, *_tmp_aeb;
	struct ubi_fm_sb *fmsb;
	struct ubi_fm_hdr *fmhdr;
	struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *fmpl, *fmpl_wl;
	struct ubi_fm_ec *fmec;
	struct ubi_fm_volhdr *fmvhdr;
	struct ubi_fm_eba *fm_eba;
	int ret, i, j, pool_size, wl_pool_size;
	size_t fm_pos = 0, fm_size = ubi->fm_size;
	unsigned long long max_sqnum = 0;
	void *fm_raw = ubi->fm_buf;

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&used);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&free);
	ai->min_ec = UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER;

	fmsb = (struct ubi_fm_sb *)(fm_raw);
	ai->max_sqnum = fmsb->sqnum;
	fm_pos += sizeof(struct ubi_fm_sb);
	if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
		goto fail_bad;

	fmhdr = (struct ubi_fm_hdr *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmhdr);
	if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
		goto fail_bad;

	if (be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->magic) != UBI_FM_HDR_MAGIC) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap header magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
			be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->magic), UBI_FM_HDR_MAGIC);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	fmpl = (struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmpl);
	if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
		goto fail_bad;
	if (be32_to_cpu(fmpl->magic) != UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap pool magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
			be32_to_cpu(fmpl->magic), UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	fmpl_wl = (struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmpl_wl);
	if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
		goto fail_bad;
	if (be32_to_cpu(fmpl_wl->magic) != UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap WL pool magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
			be32_to_cpu(fmpl_wl->magic), UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	pool_size = be16_to_cpu(fmpl->size);
	wl_pool_size = be16_to_cpu(fmpl_wl->size);
	fm->max_pool_size = be16_to_cpu(fmpl->max_size);
	fm->max_wl_pool_size = be16_to_cpu(fmpl_wl->max_size);

	if (pool_size > UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE || pool_size < 0) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad pool size: %i", pool_size);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	if (wl_pool_size > UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE || wl_pool_size < 0) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad WL pool size: %i", wl_pool_size);
		goto fail_bad;
	}


	if (fm->max_pool_size > UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE ||
	    fm->max_pool_size < 0) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad maximal pool size: %i", fm->max_pool_size);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	if (fm->max_wl_pool_size > UBI_FM_MAX_POOL_SIZE ||
	    fm->max_wl_pool_size < 0) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad maximal WL pool size: %i",
			fm->max_wl_pool_size);
		goto fail_bad;
	}

	/* read EC values from free list */
	for (i = 0; i < be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->free_peb_count); i++) {
		fmec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fmec);
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		add_aeb(ai, &ai->free, be32_to_cpu(fmec->pnum),
			be32_to_cpu(fmec->ec), 0);
	}

	/* read EC values from used list */
	for (i = 0; i < be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->used_peb_count); i++) {
		fmec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fmec);
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		add_aeb(ai, &used, be32_to_cpu(fmec->pnum),
			be32_to_cpu(fmec->ec), 0);
	}

	/* read EC values from scrub list */
	for (i = 0; i < be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->scrub_peb_count); i++) {
		fmec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fmec);
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		add_aeb(ai, &used, be32_to_cpu(fmec->pnum),
			be32_to_cpu(fmec->ec), 1);
	}

	/* read EC values from erase list */
	for (i = 0; i < be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->erase_peb_count); i++) {
		fmec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fmec);
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		add_aeb(ai, &ai->erase, be32_to_cpu(fmec->pnum),
			be32_to_cpu(fmec->ec), 1);
	}

	ai->mean_ec = div_u64(ai->ec_sum, ai->ec_count);
	ai->bad_peb_count = be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->bad_peb_count);

	/* Iterate over all volumes and read their EBA table */
	for (i = 0; i < be32_to_cpu(fmhdr->vol_count); i++) {
		fmvhdr = (struct ubi_fm_volhdr *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fmvhdr);
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		if (be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->magic) != UBI_FM_VHDR_MAGIC) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap vol header magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
				be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->magic), UBI_FM_VHDR_MAGIC);
			goto fail_bad;
		}

		av = add_vol(ai, be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->vol_id),
			     be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->used_ebs),
			     be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->data_pad),
			     fmvhdr->vol_type,
			     be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->last_eb_bytes));

		if (!av)
			goto fail_bad;
		if (PTR_ERR(av) == -EINVAL) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "volume (ID %i) already exists",
				fmvhdr->vol_id);
			goto fail_bad;
		}

		ai->vols_found++;
		if (ai->highest_vol_id < be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->vol_id))
			ai->highest_vol_id = be32_to_cpu(fmvhdr->vol_id);

		fm_eba = (struct ubi_fm_eba *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fm_eba);
		fm_pos += (sizeof(__be32) * be32_to_cpu(fm_eba->reserved_pebs));
		if (fm_pos >= fm_size)
			goto fail_bad;

		if (be32_to_cpu(fm_eba->magic) != UBI_FM_EBA_MAGIC) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap EBA header magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
				be32_to_cpu(fm_eba->magic), UBI_FM_EBA_MAGIC);
			goto fail_bad;
		}

		for (j = 0; j < be32_to_cpu(fm_eba->reserved_pebs); j++) {
			int pnum = be32_to_cpu(fm_eba->pnum[j]);

			if (pnum < 0)
				continue;

			aeb = NULL;
			list_for_each_entry(tmp_aeb, &used, u.list) {
				if (tmp_aeb->pnum == pnum) {
					aeb = tmp_aeb;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (!aeb) {
				ubi_err(ubi, "PEB %i is in EBA but not in used list", pnum);
				goto fail_bad;
			}

			aeb->lnum = j;

			if (av->highest_lnum <= aeb->lnum)
				av->highest_lnum = aeb->lnum;

			assign_aeb_to_av(ai, aeb, av);

			dbg_bld("inserting PEB:%i (LEB %i) to vol %i",
				aeb->pnum, aeb->lnum, av->vol_id);
		}
	}

	ret = scan_pool(ubi, ai, fmpl->pebs, pool_size, &max_sqnum, &free);
	if (ret)
		goto fail;

	ret = scan_pool(ubi, ai, fmpl_wl->pebs, wl_pool_size, &max_sqnum, &free);
	if (ret)
		goto fail;

	if (max_sqnum > ai->max_sqnum)
		ai->max_sqnum = max_sqnum;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(tmp_aeb, _tmp_aeb, &free, u.list)
		list_move_tail(&tmp_aeb->u.list, &ai->free);

	list_for_each_entry_safe(tmp_aeb, _tmp_aeb, &used, u.list)
		list_move_tail(&tmp_aeb->u.list, &ai->erase);

	ubi_assert(list_empty(&free));

	/*
	 * If fastmap is leaking PEBs (must not happen), raise a
	 * fat warning and fall back to scanning mode.
	 * We do this here because in ubi_wl_init() it's too late
	 * and we cannot fall back to scanning.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON(count_fastmap_pebs(ai) != ubi->peb_count -
		    ai->bad_peb_count - fm->used_blocks))
		goto fail_bad;

	return 0;

fail_bad:
	ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
fail:
	list_for_each_entry_safe(tmp_aeb, _tmp_aeb, &used, u.list) {
		list_del(&tmp_aeb->u.list);
		ubi_free_aeb(ai, tmp_aeb);
	}
	list_for_each_entry_safe(tmp_aeb, _tmp_aeb, &free, u.list) {
		list_del(&tmp_aeb->u.list);
		ubi_free_aeb(ai, tmp_aeb);
	}

	return ret;
}

/**
 * find_fm_anchor - find the most recent Fastmap superblock (anchor)
 * @ai: UBI attach info to be filled
 */
static int find_fm_anchor(struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
{
	int ret = -1;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
	unsigned long long max_sqnum = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->fastmap, u.list) {
		if (aeb->vol_id == UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID && aeb->sqnum > max_sqnum) {
			max_sqnum = aeb->sqnum;
			ret = aeb->pnum;
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

/**
 * ubi_scan_fastmap - scan the fastmap.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @ai: UBI attach info to be filled
 * @scan_ai: UBI attach info from the first 64 PEBs,
 *           used to find the most recent Fastmap data structure
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, UBI_NO_FASTMAP if no fastmap was found,
 * UBI_BAD_FASTMAP if one was found but is not usable.
 * < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
int ubi_scan_fastmap(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
		     struct ubi_attach_info *scan_ai)
{
	struct ubi_fm_sb *fmsb, *fmsb2;
	struct ubi_vid_hdr *vh;
	struct ubi_ec_hdr *ech;
	struct ubi_fastmap_layout *fm;
	struct ubi_ainf_peb *tmp_aeb, *aeb;
	int i, used_blocks, pnum, fm_anchor, ret = 0;
	size_t fm_size;
	__be32 crc, tmp_crc;
	unsigned long long sqnum = 0;

	fm_anchor = find_fm_anchor(scan_ai);
	if (fm_anchor < 0)
		return UBI_NO_FASTMAP;

	/* Move all (possible) fastmap blocks into our new attach structure. */
	list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, tmp_aeb, &scan_ai->fastmap, u.list)
		list_move_tail(&aeb->u.list, &ai->fastmap);

	down_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
	memset(ubi->fm_buf, 0, ubi->fm_size);

	fmsb = kmalloc(sizeof(*fmsb), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!fmsb) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	fm = kzalloc(sizeof(*fm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!fm) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		kfree(fmsb);
		goto out;
	}

	ret = ubi_io_read_data(ubi, fmsb, fm_anchor, 0, sizeof(*fmsb));
	if (ret && ret != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
		goto free_fm_sb;
	else if (ret == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
		fm->to_be_tortured[0] = 1;

	if (be32_to_cpu(fmsb->magic) != UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad super block magic: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
			be32_to_cpu(fmsb->magic), UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC);
		ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_fm_sb;
	}

	if (fmsb->version != UBI_FM_FMT_VERSION) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap version: %i, expected: %i",
			fmsb->version, UBI_FM_FMT_VERSION);
		ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_fm_sb;
	}

	used_blocks = be32_to_cpu(fmsb->used_blocks);
	if (used_blocks > UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS || used_blocks < 1) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "number of fastmap blocks is invalid: %i",
			used_blocks);
		ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_fm_sb;
	}

	fm_size = ubi->leb_size * used_blocks;
	if (fm_size != ubi->fm_size) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap size: %zi, expected: %zi",
			fm_size, ubi->fm_size);
		ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_fm_sb;
	}

	ech = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ech) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto free_fm_sb;
	}

	vh = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!vh) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto free_hdr;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < used_blocks; i++) {
		int image_seq;

		pnum = be32_to_cpu(fmsb->block_loc[i]);

		if (ubi_io_is_bad(ubi, pnum)) {
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto free_hdr;
		}

		if (i == 0 && pnum != fm_anchor) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "Fastmap anchor PEB mismatch: PEB: %i vs. %i",
				pnum, fm_anchor);
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto free_hdr;
		}

		ret = ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ech, 0);
		if (ret && ret != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to read fastmap block# %i EC (PEB: %i)",
				i, pnum);
			if (ret > 0)
				ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto free_hdr;
		} else if (ret == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
			fm->to_be_tortured[i] = 1;

		image_seq = be32_to_cpu(ech->image_seq);
		if (!ubi->image_seq)
			ubi->image_seq = image_seq;

		/*
		 * Older UBI implementations have image_seq set to zero, so
		 * we shouldn't fail if image_seq == 0.
		 */
		if (image_seq && (image_seq != ubi->image_seq)) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "wrong image seq:%d instead of %d",
				be32_to_cpu(ech->image_seq), ubi->image_seq);
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
			goto free_hdr;
		}

		ret = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, pnum, vh, 0);
		if (ret && ret != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to read fastmap block# %i (PEB: %i)",
				i, pnum);
			goto free_hdr;
		}

		if (i == 0) {
			if (be32_to_cpu(vh->vol_id) != UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID) {
				ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap anchor vol_id: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
					be32_to_cpu(vh->vol_id),
					UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID);
				ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
				goto free_hdr;
			}
		} else {
			if (be32_to_cpu(vh->vol_id) != UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID) {
				ubi_err(ubi, "bad fastmap data vol_id: 0x%x, expected: 0x%x",
					be32_to_cpu(vh->vol_id),
					UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID);
				ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
				goto free_hdr;
			}
		}

		if (sqnum < be64_to_cpu(vh->sqnum))
			sqnum = be64_to_cpu(vh->sqnum);

		ret = ubi_io_read_data(ubi, ubi->fm_buf + (ubi->leb_size * i),
				       pnum, 0, ubi->leb_size);
		if (ret && ret != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to read fastmap block# %i (PEB: %i, "
				"err: %i)", i, pnum, ret);
			goto free_hdr;
		}
	}

	kfree(fmsb);
	fmsb = NULL;

	fmsb2 = (struct ubi_fm_sb *)(ubi->fm_buf);
	tmp_crc = be32_to_cpu(fmsb2->data_crc);
	fmsb2->data_crc = 0;
	crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, ubi->fm_buf, fm_size);
	if (crc != tmp_crc) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "fastmap data CRC is invalid");
		ubi_err(ubi, "CRC should be: 0x%x, calc: 0x%x",
			tmp_crc, crc);
		ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_hdr;
	}

	fmsb2->sqnum = sqnum;

	fm->used_blocks = used_blocks;

	ret = ubi_attach_fastmap(ubi, ai, fm);
	if (ret) {
		if (ret > 0)
			ret = UBI_BAD_FASTMAP;
		goto free_hdr;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < used_blocks; i++) {
		struct ubi_wl_entry *e;

		e = kmem_cache_alloc(ubi_wl_entry_slab, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!e) {
			while (i--)
				kfree(fm->e[i]);

			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto free_hdr;
		}

		e->pnum = be32_to_cpu(fmsb2->block_loc[i]);
		e->ec = be32_to_cpu(fmsb2->block_ec[i]);
		fm->e[i] = e;
	}

	ubi->fm = fm;
	ubi->fm_pool.max_size = ubi->fm->max_pool_size;
	ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size = ubi->fm->max_wl_pool_size;
	ubi_msg(ubi, "attached by fastmap");
	ubi_msg(ubi, "fastmap pool size: %d", ubi->fm_pool.max_size);
	ubi_msg(ubi, "fastmap WL pool size: %d",
		ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size);
	ubi->fm_disabled = 0;
	ubi->fast_attach = 1;

	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
	kfree(ech);
out:
	up_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
	if (ret == UBI_BAD_FASTMAP)
		ubi_err(ubi, "Attach by fastmap failed, doing a full scan!");
	return ret;

free_hdr:
	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
	kfree(ech);
free_fm_sb:
	kfree(fmsb);
	kfree(fm);
	goto out;
}

/**
 * ubi_write_fastmap - writes a fastmap.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @new_fm: the to be written fastmap
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int ubi_write_fastmap(struct ubi_device *ubi,
			     struct ubi_fastmap_layout *new_fm)
{
	size_t fm_pos = 0;
	void *fm_raw;
	struct ubi_fm_sb *fmsb;
	struct ubi_fm_hdr *fmh;
	struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *fmpl, *fmpl_wl;
	struct ubi_fm_ec *fec;
	struct ubi_fm_volhdr *fvh;
	struct ubi_fm_eba *feba;
	struct ubi_wl_entry *wl_e;
	struct ubi_volume *vol;
	struct ubi_vid_hdr *avhdr, *dvhdr;
	struct ubi_work *ubi_wrk;
	struct rb_node *tmp_rb;
	int ret, i, j, free_peb_count, used_peb_count, vol_count;
	int scrub_peb_count, erase_peb_count;
	unsigned long *seen_pebs = NULL;

	fm_raw = ubi->fm_buf;
	memset(ubi->fm_buf, 0, ubi->fm_size);

	avhdr = new_fm_vhdr(ubi, UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID);
	if (!avhdr) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out;
	}

	dvhdr = new_fm_vhdr(ubi, UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID);
	if (!dvhdr) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto out_kfree;
	}

	seen_pebs = init_seen(ubi);
	if (IS_ERR(seen_pebs)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(seen_pebs);
		goto out_kfree;
	}

	spin_lock(&ubi->volumes_lock);
	spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);

	fmsb = (struct ubi_fm_sb *)fm_raw;
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmsb);
	ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);

	fmh = (struct ubi_fm_hdr *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmh);
	ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);

	fmsb->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_SB_MAGIC);
	fmsb->version = UBI_FM_FMT_VERSION;
	fmsb->used_blocks = cpu_to_be32(new_fm->used_blocks);
	/* the max sqnum will be filled in while *reading* the fastmap */
	fmsb->sqnum = 0;

	fmh->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_HDR_MAGIC);
	free_peb_count = 0;
	used_peb_count = 0;
	scrub_peb_count = 0;
	erase_peb_count = 0;
	vol_count = 0;

	fmpl = (struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmpl);
	fmpl->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC);
	fmpl->size = cpu_to_be16(ubi->fm_pool.size);
	fmpl->max_size = cpu_to_be16(ubi->fm_pool.max_size);

	for (i = 0; i < ubi->fm_pool.size; i++) {
		fmpl->pebs[i] = cpu_to_be32(ubi->fm_pool.pebs[i]);
		set_seen(ubi, ubi->fm_pool.pebs[i], seen_pebs);
	}

	fmpl_wl = (struct ubi_fm_scan_pool *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
	fm_pos += sizeof(*fmpl_wl);
	fmpl_wl->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_POOL_MAGIC);
	fmpl_wl->size = cpu_to_be16(ubi->fm_wl_pool.size);
	fmpl_wl->max_size = cpu_to_be16(ubi->fm_wl_pool.max_size);

	for (i = 0; i < ubi->fm_wl_pool.size; i++) {
		fmpl_wl->pebs[i] = cpu_to_be32(ubi->fm_wl_pool.pebs[i]);
		set_seen(ubi, ubi->fm_wl_pool.pebs[i], seen_pebs);
	}

	ubi_for_each_free_peb(ubi, wl_e, tmp_rb) {
		fec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);

		fec->pnum = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->pnum);
		set_seen(ubi, wl_e->pnum, seen_pebs);
		fec->ec = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->ec);

		free_peb_count++;
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fec);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);
	}
	fmh->free_peb_count = cpu_to_be32(free_peb_count);

	ubi_for_each_used_peb(ubi, wl_e, tmp_rb) {
		fec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);

		fec->pnum = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->pnum);
		set_seen(ubi, wl_e->pnum, seen_pebs);
		fec->ec = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->ec);

		used_peb_count++;
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fec);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);
	}

	ubi_for_each_protected_peb(ubi, i, wl_e) {
		fec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);

		fec->pnum = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->pnum);
		set_seen(ubi, wl_e->pnum, seen_pebs);
		fec->ec = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->ec);

		used_peb_count++;
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fec);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);
	}
	fmh->used_peb_count = cpu_to_be32(used_peb_count);

	ubi_for_each_scrub_peb(ubi, wl_e, tmp_rb) {
		fec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);

		fec->pnum = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->pnum);
		set_seen(ubi, wl_e->pnum, seen_pebs);
		fec->ec = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->ec);

		scrub_peb_count++;
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fec);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);
	}
	fmh->scrub_peb_count = cpu_to_be32(scrub_peb_count);


	list_for_each_entry(ubi_wrk, &ubi->works, list) {
		if (ubi_is_erase_work(ubi_wrk)) {
			wl_e = ubi_wrk->e;
			ubi_assert(wl_e);

			fec = (struct ubi_fm_ec *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);

			fec->pnum = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->pnum);
			set_seen(ubi, wl_e->pnum, seen_pebs);
			fec->ec = cpu_to_be32(wl_e->ec);

			erase_peb_count++;
			fm_pos += sizeof(*fec);
			ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);
		}
	}
	fmh->erase_peb_count = cpu_to_be32(erase_peb_count);

	for (i = 0; i < UBI_MAX_VOLUMES + UBI_INT_VOL_COUNT; i++) {
		vol = ubi->volumes[i];

		if (!vol)
			continue;

		vol_count++;

		fvh = (struct ubi_fm_volhdr *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*fvh);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);

		fvh->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_VHDR_MAGIC);
		fvh->vol_id = cpu_to_be32(vol->vol_id);
		fvh->vol_type = vol->vol_type;
		fvh->used_ebs = cpu_to_be32(vol->used_ebs);
		fvh->data_pad = cpu_to_be32(vol->data_pad);
		fvh->last_eb_bytes = cpu_to_be32(vol->last_eb_bytes);

		ubi_assert(vol->vol_type == UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME ||
			vol->vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME);

		feba = (struct ubi_fm_eba *)(fm_raw + fm_pos);
		fm_pos += sizeof(*feba) + (sizeof(__be32) * vol->reserved_pebs);
		ubi_assert(fm_pos <= ubi->fm_size);

		for (j = 0; j < vol->reserved_pebs; j++) {
			struct ubi_eba_leb_desc ldesc;

			ubi_eba_get_ldesc(vol, j, &ldesc);
			feba->pnum[j] = cpu_to_be32(ldesc.pnum);
		}

		feba->reserved_pebs = cpu_to_be32(j);
		feba->magic = cpu_to_be32(UBI_FM_EBA_MAGIC);
	}
	fmh->vol_count = cpu_to_be32(vol_count);
	fmh->bad_peb_count = cpu_to_be32(ubi->bad_peb_count);

	avhdr->sqnum = cpu_to_be64(ubi_next_sqnum(ubi));
	avhdr->lnum = 0;

	spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);
	spin_unlock(&ubi->volumes_lock);

	dbg_bld("writing fastmap SB to PEB %i", new_fm->e[0]->pnum);
	ret = ubi_io_write_vid_hdr(ubi, new_fm->e[0]->pnum, avhdr);
	if (ret) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "unable to write vid_hdr to fastmap SB!");
		goto out_kfree;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
		fmsb->block_loc[i] = cpu_to_be32(new_fm->e[i]->pnum);
		set_seen(ubi, new_fm->e[i]->pnum, seen_pebs);
		fmsb->block_ec[i] = cpu_to_be32(new_fm->e[i]->ec);
	}

	fmsb->data_crc = 0;
	fmsb->data_crc = cpu_to_be32(crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, fm_raw,
					   ubi->fm_size));

	for (i = 1; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
		dvhdr->sqnum = cpu_to_be64(ubi_next_sqnum(ubi));
		dvhdr->lnum = cpu_to_be32(i);
		dbg_bld("writing fastmap data to PEB %i sqnum %llu",
			new_fm->e[i]->pnum, be64_to_cpu(dvhdr->sqnum));
		ret = ubi_io_write_vid_hdr(ubi, new_fm->e[i]->pnum, dvhdr);
		if (ret) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to write vid_hdr to PEB %i!",
				new_fm->e[i]->pnum);
			goto out_kfree;
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
		ret = ubi_io_write_data(ubi, fm_raw + (i * ubi->leb_size),
					new_fm->e[i]->pnum, 0, ubi->leb_size);
		if (ret) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "unable to write fastmap to PEB %i!",
				new_fm->e[i]->pnum);
			goto out_kfree;
		}
	}

	ubi_assert(new_fm);
	ubi->fm = new_fm;

	ret = self_check_seen(ubi, seen_pebs);
	dbg_bld("fastmap written!");

out_kfree:
	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, avhdr);
	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, dvhdr);
	free_seen(seen_pebs);
out:
	return ret;
}

/**
 * erase_block - Manually erase a PEB.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @pnum: PEB to be erased
 *
 * Returns the new EC value on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int erase_block(struct ubi_device *ubi, int pnum)
{
	int ret;
	struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec_hdr;
	long long ec;

	ec_hdr = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ec_hdr)
		return -ENOMEM;

	ret = ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ec_hdr, 0);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto out;
	else if (ret && ret != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	ret = ubi_io_sync_erase(ubi, pnum, 0);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto out;

	ec = be64_to_cpu(ec_hdr->ec);
	ec += ret;
	if (ec > UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER) {
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	ec_hdr->ec = cpu_to_be64(ec);
	ret = ubi_io_write_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ec_hdr);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto out;

	ret = ec;
out:
	kfree(ec_hdr);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * invalidate_fastmap - destroys a fastmap.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 *
 * This function ensures that upon next UBI attach a full scan
 * is issued. We need this if UBI is about to write a new fastmap
 * but is unable to do so. In this case we have two options:
 * a) Make sure that the current fastmap will not be usued upon
 * attach time and contine or b) fall back to RO mode to have the
 * current fastmap in a valid state.
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
static int invalidate_fastmap(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{
	int ret;
	struct ubi_fastmap_layout *fm;
	struct ubi_wl_entry *e;
	struct ubi_vid_hdr *vh = NULL;

	if (!ubi->fm)
		return 0;

	ubi->fm = NULL;

	ret = -ENOMEM;
	fm = kzalloc(sizeof(*fm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!fm)
		goto out;

	vh = new_fm_vhdr(ubi, UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID);
	if (!vh)
		goto out_free_fm;

	ret = -ENOSPC;
	e = ubi_wl_get_fm_peb(ubi, 1);
	if (!e)
		goto out_free_fm;

	/*
	 * Create fake fastmap such that UBI will fall back
	 * to scanning mode.
	 */
	vh->sqnum = cpu_to_be64(ubi_next_sqnum(ubi));
	ret = ubi_io_write_vid_hdr(ubi, e->pnum, vh);
	if (ret < 0) {
		ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, e, 0, 0);
		goto out_free_fm;
	}

	fm->used_blocks = 1;
	fm->e[0] = e;

	ubi->fm = fm;

out:
	ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
	return ret;

out_free_fm:
	kfree(fm);
	goto out;
}

/**
 * return_fm_pebs - returns all PEBs used by a fastmap back to the
 * WL sub-system.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 * @fm: fastmap layout object
 */
static void return_fm_pebs(struct ubi_device *ubi,
			   struct ubi_fastmap_layout *fm)
{
	int i;

	if (!fm)
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < fm->used_blocks; i++) {
		if (fm->e[i]) {
			ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, fm->e[i], i,
					  fm->to_be_tortured[i]);
			fm->e[i] = NULL;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * ubi_update_fastmap - will be called by UBI if a volume changes or
 * a fastmap pool becomes full.
 * @ubi: UBI device object
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, < 0 indicates an internal error.
 */
int ubi_update_fastmap(struct ubi_device *ubi)
{
	int ret, i, j;
	struct ubi_fastmap_layout *new_fm, *old_fm;
	struct ubi_wl_entry *tmp_e;

	down_write(&ubi->fm_protect);

	ubi_refill_pools(ubi);

	if (ubi->ro_mode || ubi->fm_disabled) {
		up_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
		return 0;
	}

	ret = ubi_ensure_anchor_pebs(ubi);
	if (ret) {
		up_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
		return ret;
	}

	new_fm = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_fm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new_fm) {
		up_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	new_fm->used_blocks = ubi->fm_size / ubi->leb_size;
	old_fm = ubi->fm;
	ubi->fm = NULL;

	if (new_fm->used_blocks > UBI_FM_MAX_BLOCKS) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "fastmap too large");
		ret = -ENOSPC;
		goto err;
	}

	for (i = 1; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
		spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
		tmp_e = ubi_wl_get_fm_peb(ubi, 0);
		spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);

		if (!tmp_e) {
			if (old_fm && old_fm->e[i]) {
				ret = erase_block(ubi, old_fm->e[i]->pnum);
				if (ret < 0) {
					ubi_err(ubi, "could not erase old fastmap PEB");

					for (j = 1; j < i; j++) {
						ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, new_fm->e[j],
								  j, 0);
						new_fm->e[j] = NULL;
					}
					goto err;
				}
				new_fm->e[i] = old_fm->e[i];
				old_fm->e[i] = NULL;
			} else {
				ubi_err(ubi, "could not get any free erase block");

				for (j = 1; j < i; j++) {
					ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, new_fm->e[j], j, 0);
					new_fm->e[j] = NULL;
				}

				ret = -ENOSPC;
				goto err;
			}
		} else {
			new_fm->e[i] = tmp_e;

			if (old_fm && old_fm->e[i]) {
				ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, old_fm->e[i], i,
						  old_fm->to_be_tortured[i]);
				old_fm->e[i] = NULL;
			}
		}
	}

	/* Old fastmap is larger than the new one */
	if (old_fm && new_fm->used_blocks < old_fm->used_blocks) {
		for (i = new_fm->used_blocks; i < old_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
			ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, old_fm->e[i], i,
					  old_fm->to_be_tortured[i]);
			old_fm->e[i] = NULL;
		}
	}

	spin_lock(&ubi->wl_lock);
	tmp_e = ubi_wl_get_fm_peb(ubi, 1);
	spin_unlock(&ubi->wl_lock);

	if (old_fm) {
		/* no fresh anchor PEB was found, reuse the old one */
		if (!tmp_e) {
			ret = erase_block(ubi, old_fm->e[0]->pnum);
			if (ret < 0) {
				ubi_err(ubi, "could not erase old anchor PEB");

				for (i = 1; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
					ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, new_fm->e[i],
							  i, 0);
					new_fm->e[i] = NULL;
				}
				goto err;
			}
			new_fm->e[0] = old_fm->e[0];
			new_fm->e[0]->ec = ret;
			old_fm->e[0] = NULL;
		} else {
			/* we've got a new anchor PEB, return the old one */
			ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, old_fm->e[0], 0,
					  old_fm->to_be_tortured[0]);
			new_fm->e[0] = tmp_e;
			old_fm->e[0] = NULL;
		}
	} else {
		if (!tmp_e) {
			ubi_err(ubi, "could not find any anchor PEB");

			for (i = 1; i < new_fm->used_blocks; i++) {
				ubi_wl_put_fm_peb(ubi, new_fm->e[i], i, 0);
				new_fm->e[i] = NULL;
			}

			ret = -ENOSPC;
			goto err;
		}
		new_fm->e[0] = tmp_e;
	}

	down_write(&ubi->work_sem);
	down_write(&ubi->fm_eba_sem);
	ret = ubi_write_fastmap(ubi, new_fm);
	up_write(&ubi->fm_eba_sem);
	up_write(&ubi->work_sem);

	if (ret)
		goto err;

out_unlock:
	up_write(&ubi->fm_protect);
	kfree(old_fm);
	return ret;

err:
	ubi_warn(ubi, "Unable to write new fastmap, err=%i", ret);

	ret = invalidate_fastmap(ubi);
	if (ret < 0) {
		ubi_err(ubi, "Unable to invalidiate current fastmap!");
		ubi_ro_mode(ubi);
	} else {
		return_fm_pebs(ubi, old_fm);
		return_fm_pebs(ubi, new_fm);
		ret = 0;
	}

	kfree(new_fm);
	goto out_unlock;
}