### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #247 

Problem:
Compile miniob with static gcc and g++ failed while there is no static
gcc library on rockylinux.

### What is changed and how it works?
Add cmake option static_stdlib with default value off.
In normal case, we compile miniob and run/debug it on the same machine,
so dynamic linking works fun. If we want to move observer binary to
other machine and test, we can recompile miniob with static_stdlib ON.

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem: close #229 
当前的词法分析语法分析非常简单，那当遇到比较复杂的词法分析语法分析题目，比如表达式，有些同学就难以入手

### What is changed and how it works?
增加一个支持四则运算的功能，关键字是calc，虽然与标准的SQL不同，但是可以作为学习表达式入门使用。
使用示例：
```
(base) build_debug $ ./bin/observer -f ../etc/observer.ini -P cli
Successfully load ../etc/observer.ini
miniob > calc 2*(2*(2+3));
2*(2*(2+3))
20

miniob > calc (1+2) * (2 * (20+ -(5*1)))
(1+2) * (2 * (20+ -(5*1)))
90

miniob > calc 1, 2, 3;
1 | 2 | 3
1 | 2 | 3

miniob > calc 1 + 2 - 3+4;
1 + 2 - 3+4
4

miniob > calc 2* 4;
2* 4
8

miniob > calc 1, 2, 3;
1 | 2 | 3
1 | 2 | 3

miniob > calc 1 + 2 - 3+4;
1 + 2 - 3+4
4

miniob > calc 2* 4;
2* 4
8
```

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #222 

Problem:
gcc使用动态链接库，在复制observer到其它机器后，无法启动。

### What is changed and how it works?
使用gcc静态链接库

### What problem were solved in this pull request?
ref #138 

Problem:

SEDA的线程池模式是每个处理环节分开，可能会放到不同的线程上，也可以调整不同stage对应的处理线程个数。但是会增加复杂性，比如session会切换线程、代码逻辑复杂。

### What is changed and how it works?
去掉了parse、resolve等stage，仅保留了session stage。代码中的名字依然叫stage，后续再调整。
在session
stage的处理逻辑中，直接调用其它流程处理，这样也使SQL处理流程变得更清晰。后续还可以考虑移除observer.ini，所有参数均通过命令行传递。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #162 

Problem:
当前的observer启动流程和调试方法比较繁琐，必须使用客户端服务端的方式，先启动服务端程序，再使用客户端启动调试

### What is changed and how it works?
observer可以直接启动，不监听tcp或unix socket，直接通过终端/控制台输入命令并执行，极大的方便了调试

### Other information
新的启动方法：
./bin/observer -P cli -f ../etc/observer.ini

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

close issue: #186 

Problem:
实现MVCC代码后没有将持久化代码合并进来

### What is changed and how it works?
支持并发模式下落日志，并在异常停机后回复。

持久化是事务模块中最复杂的功能（没有之一），当前miniob实现的持久化简化了非常多，因此不能依赖持久化能力，仅仅作为一个学习测试的工具，在实际测试时也有一些限制。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #91 close #1 

Problem:
编译时编译器抛出的一些告警信息可以帮我们避免很多问题，但是现在并没有利用这个特性

### What is changed and how it works?
CMake中增加-Werror编译选项

### Other information

fix unittest;
add unittest to github action

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #176 close #163 

Problem:
单元测试执行失败；
github action 没有单元测试检查

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #155 close #135 

Problem:
实现了简单的事务处理。
当前支持并发事务数据.

### What is changed and how it works?
- 支持两种事务模式：Vacuous和MVCC。
  Vacuous 事务模式算是没有事务，它的事务接口什么都不做。
MVCC 是多版本并发控制(Multi-Version Concurrency
Control)，使用多个版本保留记录数据。启动miniob时增加运行时选项 -t mvcc可以选择mvcc。

- MVCC：简单模式的多版本并发控制。
  当前miniob仅包含insert和delete操作，因此数据最多包含两个版本，并且不需要在record中保留版本链表信息；
  不支持持久化；
  没有做垃圾回收；
  遗留一个BUG：在提交时没有保证提交的数据一次性对外可见；
  使用简单的写写冲突策略：检测到要修改的数据当前有人在修改，就回退

- 编译MINIOB时使用 -DCONCURRENCY=ON 才会支持并发
支持各个模块并发处理，包括buffer pool、bplus、record
manager。如果编译时没有使用CONCURRENCY选项，则保持原样，不支持并发，保持系统的简单性。

- 编译时增加 -DDEBUG=ON 还会增加并发调试日志与严格的运行时检测(ASSERT语句)
- 当前版本代码中包含了bplus tree和record manager的并发测试，参考benchmark目录下的代码。

### Other information

Fix problem:
1. the buffer pool and b tree is not thread safe;
2. github/workflow/build does not work

### What is changed and how it works?
1. thread-safe buffer pool
- I use a mutex in buffer pool and take a lock in buffer pool operations
such as allocate frame, dispose frame;
- The frame is locked while updating/reading the content of frame;
- Frame manager take a lock when allocate/free pages.

2. thread-safe b+tree
- Crabing protocol is used to support concurrent

3. github/workflow/build
- update the submodules;
- create a build script and run build.sh in build.yaml

tested by mariadb ( Ver 15.1 Distrib 5.5.65-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1)
but failed with obclient

* support build with address sanitizer

using cmake options `-DENALBE_ASAN=ON` to enable address sanitizer

* fix some memory leaks detected by asan