ops.cpp

/**
 * \file imperative/python/src/ops.cpp
 * MegEngine is Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Megvii Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT ARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 */

#include "./ops.h"
#include "./helper.h"
#include "./tensor.h"

#include "megbrain/common.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/graph_builder.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/ops/autogen.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/ops/backward_graph.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/ops/opr_attr.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/ops/rng.h"
#include "megbrain/imperative/ops/utility.h"

#include <Python.h>
#include <unordered_map>

namespace py = pybind11;
using namespace mgb::imperative;

namespace {
auto normalize_enum(const std::string& in) {
    std::string ret;
    for (auto&& c : in) {
        ret += toupper(c);
    }
    return ret;
}
}  // anonymous namespace

#define CATCH_ALL(RETVAL)                              \
    catch (py::error_already_set & e) {                \
        e.restore();                                   \
        return RETVAL;                                 \
    }                                                  \
    catch (py::builtin_exception & e) {                \
        e.set_error();                                 \
        return RETVAL;                                 \
    }                                                  \
    catch (std::exception & e) {                       \
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, e.what()); \
        return RETVAL;                                 \
    }

namespace {
#define PyOp(name)     Py##name
#define PyOpType(name) PyOp(name)::py_type

#define PyOpDefBegin(name)                               \
    struct PyOp(name) : PyOpDef {                        \
        using Ty = name;                                 \
        Ty& inst() { return op->cast_final_safe<Ty>(); } \
        static PyTypeObject py_type;

#define PyOpDefEnd(name) \
    }                    \
    ;                    \
    PyTypeObject PyOpType(name);

#define RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(val1, val2, op)                        \
    do {                                                          \
        switch (op) {                                             \
            case Py_EQ:                                           \
                if ((val1) == (val2))                             \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            case Py_NE:                                           \
                if ((val1) != (val2))                             \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            case Py_LT:                                           \
                if ((val1) < (val2))                              \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            case Py_GT:                                           \
                if ((val1) > (val2))                              \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            case Py_LE:                                           \
                if ((val1) <= (val2))                             \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            case Py_GE:                                           \
                if ((val1) >= (val2))                             \
                    Py_RETURN_TRUE;                               \
                Py_RETURN_FALSE;                                  \
            default:                                              \
                Py_FatalError("Unreachable C code path reached"); \
        }                                                         \
    } while (0)

template <typename T>
PyObject* py_new_generic(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
    PyObject* obj = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
    T* self = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj);
    if (self != NULL) {
        self->op = T::Ty::make();
    }
    return obj;
}

template <typename T, typename SNIFAE = void>
struct serialization {
    static T load(py::object obj) { return py::cast<T>(obj); }
    template <
            typename U, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<T, std::decay_t<U>>>>
    static py::object dump(U&& t) {
        return py::cast(std::forward<U>(t));
    }
};

template <typename T>
void py_dealloc_generic(PyObject* obj) {
    reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj)->op.reset();
    Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_free(obj);
}

template <typename T, typename U, U T::Ty::*attr>
PyObject* py_get_generic_impl(PyObject* obj, void* /* closure */) {
    auto& op = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj)->inst();
    return py::cast(op.*attr).release().ptr();
}
#define py_get_generic(name, attr) \
    py_get_generic_impl<PyOp(name), decltype(std::declval<name>().attr), &name::attr>

template <typename T, typename U, U T::Ty::*attr>
int py_set_generic_impl(PyObject* obj, PyObject* value, void* /* closure */) {
    if (value == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot delete the attribute");
        return -1;
    }
    auto& op = reinterpret_cast<T*>(obj)->inst();
    try {
        // TODO: remove this guard which is used for pybind11 implicit conversion
        py::detail::loader_life_support guard{};
        op.*attr = py::cast<U>(py::handle(value));
    }
    CATCH_ALL(-1)
    return 0;
}
#define py_set_generic(name, attr) \
    py_set_generic_impl<PyOp(name), decltype(std::declval<name>().attr), &name::attr>

struct PyOpDef {
    PyObject_HEAD std::shared_ptr<OpDef> op;
    static PyTypeObject py_type;
    static std::unordered_map<mgb::Typeinfo*, PyTypeObject*> ctype2pytype;
    static PyGetSetDef py_getsetters[];
    static Py_hash_t tp_hash(PyObject* obj);
    static PyObject* tp_richcompare(PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int op);
    static PyObject* py_repr(PyObject* self) {
        return py::cast(reinterpret_cast<PyOpDef*>(self)->op->make_name())
                .release()
                .ptr();
    }
};
PyTypeObject PyOpType(OpDef);
std::unordered_map<mgb::Typeinfo*, PyTypeObject*> PyOp(OpDef)::ctype2pytype;

PyObject* py_get_scope(PyObject* obj, void* /* closure */) {
    return py::cast(reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op->scope()).release().ptr();
}

int py_set_scope(PyObject* obj, PyObject* value, void* /* closure */) {
    if (value == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Cannot delete the attribute");
        return -1;
    }
    try {
        reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op->set_scope(
                py::cast<std::string>(py::handle(value)));
    }
    CATCH_ALL(-1)
    return 0;
}

PyGetSetDef PyOp(OpDef)::py_getsetters[] = {
        {const_cast<char*>("scope"), py_get_scope, py_set_scope,
         const_cast<char*>("scope"), NULL},
        {NULL}};

Py_hash_t PyOp(OpDef)::tp_hash(PyObject* obj) {
    return static_cast<Py_hash_t>(reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op->hash());
}

PyObject* PyOp(OpDef)::tp_richcompare(PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int op) {
    bool same = reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(self)->op->is_same(
            *reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(other)->op);
    if (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE) {
        RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(same, true, op);
    }
    Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
}

template <typename T>
struct EnumTrait;

#define PyEnumHead                                          \
    static_assert(std::is_enum_v<T>);                       \
    PyObject_HEAD T value;                                  \
    constexpr static const char* name = EnumTrait<T>::name; \
    static PyTypeObject* type;                              \
    static const char* members[];                           \
    static std::unordered_map<std::string, T> mem2value;    \
    static PyObject* pyobj_insts[];

template <typename T>
struct EnumWrapper {
    PyEnumHead std::string to_string() const {
        return members[static_cast<size_t>(value)];
    }
    static PyObject* py_repr(PyObject* self) {
        return py::cast(
                       std::string(name) + "." +
                       reinterpret_cast<EnumWrapper*>(self)->to_string())
                .release()
                .ptr();
    }

    static PyObject* py_dump(PyObject* self) {
        return py::cast(reinterpret_cast<EnumWrapper*>(self)->to_string())
                .release()
                .ptr();
    }

    static PyObject* tp_richcompare(PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int op) {
        if (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE) {
            T lhs, rhs;
            if (load(other, rhs) && load(self, lhs)) {
                RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(lhs, rhs, op);
            } else {
                RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(0, 1, op);
            }
        }
        Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
    }
    static bool load(py::handle src, T& value) {
        PyObject* obj = src.ptr();
        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type)) {
            value = reinterpret_cast<EnumWrapper*>(obj)->value;
            return true;
        }
        if (py::isinstance<py::str>(src)) {
            auto&& iter = mem2value.find(normalize_enum(py::cast<std::string>(src)));
            if (iter != mem2value.end()) {
                value = iter->second;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    static PyObject* cast(const T& value) {
        auto v = static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(value);
        mgb_assert(v <= EnumTrait<T>::max);
        PyObject* obj = pyobj_insts[v];
        Py_INCREF(obj);
        return obj;
    }
};

template <typename T>
struct BitCombinedEnumWrapper {
    PyEnumHead std::string to_string() const {
        uint32_t value_int = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
        if (value_int == 0) {
            return "None";
        } else {
            std::string ret;
            bool first = true;
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                if (value_int >> i & 1) {
                    if (!first) {
                        ret += " + ";
                    } else {
                        first = false;
                    }
                    ret += (std::string(name) + "." + members[i]);
                }
            }
            return ret;
        }
    }
    static PyObject* py_new_combined_enum(
            PyTypeObject* type, PyObject* args, PyObject*) {
        if (!PyTuple_Size(args)) {
            PyObject* obj = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
            reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(obj)->value = T();
            return obj;
        } else {
            PyObject* input;
            if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O", &input)) {
                return nullptr;
            }
            T value;
            if (load(input, value)) {
                return cast(value);
            } else {
                PyErr_SetString(
                        PyExc_RuntimeError,
                        mgb::ssprintf(
                                "Cannot convert type %s to type %s\n",
                                input->ob_type->tp_name, name)
                                .c_str());
                return nullptr;
            }
        }
    }
    static PyObject* py_repr(PyObject* self) {
        return py::cast(reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(self)->to_string())
                .release()
                .ptr();
    }

    static PyObject* py_dump(PyObject* self) {
        std::vector<std::string> result;
        auto value = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(self)->value;
        uint32_t value_int = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            if (value_int >> i & 1) {
                result.push_back(members[i]);
            }
        }
        return py::tuple(py::cast(result)).release().ptr();
    }

    static PyObject* py_or(PyObject* self, PyObject* other) {
        if (!(self->ob_type == other->ob_type)) {
            return PyErr_Format(
                    PyExc_RuntimeError,
                    "Operand in or operator must be the same type.");
        }
        T lhs = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(self)->value,
          rhs = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(other)->value;
        return cast(lhs | rhs);
    }
    static PyObject* py_and(PyObject* self, PyObject* other) {
        if (!(self->ob_type == other->ob_type)) {
            return PyErr_Format(
                    PyExc_RuntimeError,
                    "Operand in and operator must be the same type.");
        }
        T lhs = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(self)->value,
          rhs = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(other)->value;
        return cast(lhs & rhs);
    }
    static PyObject* tp_richcompare(PyObject* self, PyObject* other, int op) {
        if (op == Py_EQ || op == Py_NE) {
            T lhs, rhs;
            if (load(other, rhs) && load(self, lhs)) {
                RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(lhs, rhs, op);
            } else {
                RETURN_RICHCOMPARE(0, 1, op);
            }
        }
        Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
    }
    static bool load(py::handle src, T& value) {
        PyObject* obj = src.ptr();
        if (PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, type)) {
            value = reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(obj)->value;
            return true;
        }
        if (py::isinstance<py::str>(src)) {
            auto&& iter = mem2value.find(normalize_enum(py::cast<std::string>(src)));
            if (iter != mem2value.end()) {
                value = iter->second;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        if (py::isinstance<py::tuple>(src)) {
            auto params = py::cast<std::vector<std::string>>(src);
            bool first = true;
            for (auto s : params) {
                auto&& iter = mem2value.find(normalize_enum(s));
                if (iter != mem2value.end()) {
                    if (first) {
                        value = iter->second;
                        first = false;
                    } else {
                        value |= iter->second;
                    }
                } else {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        if (py::isinstance<py::int_>(obj)) {
            auto v = py::cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(src);
            if (v > EnumTrait<T>::max) {
                return false;
            }
            value = static_cast<T>(v);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    static PyObject* cast(const T& value) {
        auto v = static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(value);
        mgb_assert(v <= EnumTrait<T>::max);
        if ((!v) || (v & (v - 1))) {
            PyObject* obj = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
            reinterpret_cast<BitCombinedEnumWrapper*>(obj)->value = value;
            return obj;
        } else {
            PyObject* obj = pyobj_insts[__builtin_ctz(v)];
            Py_INCREF(obj);
            return obj;
        }
    }
};

template <typename T>
struct serialization<T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<std::decay_t<T>>>> {
    static T load(py::object obj) {
        auto caster = pybind11::detail::type_caster<T>();
        if (caster.load(obj, true)) {
            return caster;
        } else {
            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "load faild \n");
            return caster;
        }
    }
    static py::object dump(T t) { return py::cast(t).attr("dump")(); }
};

void _init_py_op_def(py::module m) {
    using py_op = PyOp(OpDef);
    auto& py_type = PyOpType(OpDef);
    py_type = {PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)};
    py_type.tp_name = "megengine.core._imperative_rt.OpDef";
    py_type.tp_basicsize = sizeof(PyOp(OpDef));
    py_type.tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
    py_type.tp_doc = "OpDef";
    py_type.tp_base = &PyBaseObject_Type;
    py_type.tp_hash = PyOp(OpDef)::tp_hash;
    py_type.tp_richcompare = PyOp(OpDef)::tp_richcompare;
    py_type.tp_getset = py_op::py_getsetters;
    py_type.tp_repr = py_op::py_repr;
    py_type.tp_dealloc = py_dealloc_generic<PyOp(OpDef)>;
    mgb_assert(PyType_Ready(&py_type) >= 0);
    m.add_object("OpDef", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&py_type));
}

/*********** begin of hand-write opdefs **************/
struct PyOpBase : PyOpDef {
    static PyTypeObject py_type;

    static PyObject* tp_new(PyTypeObject* type, PyObject*, PyObject*) {
        auto* obj = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
        if (obj) {
            auto* self = reinterpret_cast<PyOpBase*>(obj);
            new (&self->op) decltype(self->op);
        }
        return obj;
    }
};
PyTypeObject PyOpBase::py_type;

void _init_py_op_base(py::module m) {
    using py_op = PyOpBase;
    auto& py_type = PyOpBase::py_type;
    py_type = {PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)};
    py_type.tp_name = "megengine.core._imperative_rt.ops.PyOpBase";
    py_type.tp_basicsize = sizeof(py_op);
    py_type.tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
    py_type.tp_doc = "PyOpBase";
    py_type.tp_base = &PyOpType(OpDef);
    py_type.tp_dealloc = py_dealloc_generic<py_op>;
    py_type.tp_new = py_op::tp_new;
    mgb_assert(PyType_Ready(&py_type) >= 0);
    m.add_object("PyOpBase", reinterpret_cast<PyObject*>(&py_type));
}

/*********** end of hand-write opdefs **************/

// auto generated opdefs
#include "opdef.cpy.inl"

#undef CATCH_ALL
}  // anonymous namespace

namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE {
namespace detail {
bool type_caster<OpDef>::load(handle src, bool convert) {
    PyObject* obj = src.ptr();
    if (!PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyOpType(OpDef))) {
        return false;
    }
    value = reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op;
    if (!value) {
        // opdef only defined in Python
        value = std::make_shared<GenericPyOp>(reinterpret_borrow<object>(src));
    }
    return true;
}
handle type_caster<OpDef>::cast(const OpDef& op, return_value_policy, handle) {
    if (auto* pyop = op.try_cast_final<GenericPyOp>()) {
        return object(pyop->obj).release();
    }
    PyTypeObject* pytype;
    auto& c2p = PyOp(OpDef)::ctype2pytype;
    auto&& iter = c2p.find(op.dyn_typeinfo());
    if (iter != c2p.end()) {  // FIXME: should always meet this condition
        pytype = iter->second;
    } else {  // which means unregistered op type, jsut make it as an opaque op type
        // currently, only OprAttr goes into this branch
        pytype = &PyOpType(OpDef);
    }
    PyObject* obj = pytype->tp_alloc(pytype, 0);
    mgb_assert(PyObject_TypeCheck(obj, &PyOpType(OpDef)));
    reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op = const_cast<OpDef&>(op).shared_from_this();
    return py::handle(obj);
}

#define ENUM_CASTER_IMPL(T)                                                    \
    bool type_caster<T>::load(handle src, bool) {                              \
        return EnumWrapper<T>::load(src, value);                               \
    }                                                                          \
    handle type_caster<T>::cast(const T& value, return_value_policy, handle) { \
        return EnumWrapper<T>::cast(value);                                    \
    }
FOR_EACH_ENUM_PARAM(ENUM_CASTER_IMPL)

#define BIT_COMBINED_ENUM_CASTER_IMPL(T)                                       \
    bool type_caster<T>::load(handle src, bool) {                              \
        return BitCombinedEnumWrapper<T>::load(src, value);                    \
    }                                                                          \
    handle type_caster<T>::cast(const T& value, return_value_policy, handle) { \
        return BitCombinedEnumWrapper<T>::cast(value);                         \
    }
FOR_EACH_BIT_COMBINED_ENUM_PARAM(BIT_COMBINED_ENUM_CASTER_IMPL)

}  // namespace detail
}  // namespace PYBIND11_NAMESPACE

void init_ops(py::module m) {
    _init_py_op_def(m);
    _init_py_op_base(m);
    INIT_ALL_OP(m)

    m.def("new_rng_handle", &rng::new_handle);
    m.def(
            "delete_rng_handle",
            [](size_t handle) {
                mgb::CompNode::sync_all();
                py_task_q.wait_all_task_finish();
                rng::delete_handle(handle);
            },
            py::call_guard<py::gil_scoped_release>());
    m.def("set_global_rng_seed", [](uint64_t seed) -> void {
        mgb_assert(
                python::interpreter_for_py->check_available(),
                "set global random seed failed since imperative interpreter has been "
                "destroyed");
        python::interpreter_for_py->sync();
        mgb::CompNode::sync_all();
        rng::set_global_rng_seed(seed);
    });
    m.def("get_global_rng_seed", &rng::get_global_rng_seed);
    m.def("get_rng_handle_compnode", &rng::get_rng_handle_compnode);

    struct PySubgraphBuilder {
        explicit PySubgraphBuilder(std::string name) : name{name} {}
        std::string name;
        Subgraph graph;
        mgb::SmallVector<bool> output_grad_mask;
        Subgraph::var_t next_var = 1;
        std::shared_ptr<mgb::Hashable> key = nullptr;

        std::shared_ptr<OpDef> build() {
            if (key == nullptr) {
                key = std::make_shared<UniqueKey>();
            }
            return SubgraphOp::make(
                    name, std::make_shared<Subgraph>(graph), output_grad_mask, key);
        }
    };

    py::class_<PySubgraphBuilder>(m, "SubgraphBuilder")
            .def(py::init<std::string>())
            .def(py::init<PySubgraphBuilder>())
            .def("input",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self) {
                     mgb_assert(self.key == nullptr);
                     auto var = self.next_var++;
                     self.graph.inputs.push_back(var);
                     return var;
                 })
            .def("apply",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self, std::shared_ptr<OpDef> op,
                    Subgraph::vars_t inputs, size_t nr_outputs) {
                     mgb_assert(self.key == nullptr);
                     Subgraph::vars_t outputs;
                     for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_outputs; ++i) {
                         outputs.push_back(self.next_var++);
                     }
                     self.graph.exprs.push_back({op, inputs, outputs});
                     return outputs;
                 })
            .def("apply_const",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self, py::object value, mgb::DType dtype,
                    mgb::CompNode cn) {
                     mgb_assert(self.key == nullptr);
                     auto var = self.next_var++;
                     mgb::HostTensorND hvalue(cn);
                     npy::np2tensor(
                             value.cast<py::array>().ptr(),
                             npy::Meth::copy_into(&hvalue), dtype);
                     self.graph.constants.push_back({var, Tensor::make(hvalue)});
                     return var;
                 })
            .def("outputs",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self, Subgraph::vars_t outputs) {
                     mgb_assert(self.key == nullptr);
                     self.graph.outputs = outputs;
                     self.output_grad_mask.resize(outputs.size(), true);
                 })
            .def("outputs_has_grad",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self, mgb::SmallVector<bool> outputs_has_grad) {
                     mgb_assert(self.key == nullptr);
                     mgb_assert(
                             self.graph.outputs.size() == self.output_grad_mask.size());
                     self.output_grad_mask = outputs_has_grad;
                 })
            .def("get",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self) {
                     return (std::shared_ptr<OpDef>)self.build();
                 })
            .def("compile",
                 [](PySubgraphBuilder& self, int gopt_level) {
                     return (std::shared_ptr<OpDef>)CompiledOp::make(
                             self.build(), gopt_level);
                 })
            .def("jit_fuse", [](PySubgraphBuilder& self) {
                return (std::shared_ptr<OpDef>)CompiledOp::make(
                        JITFusionOp::make(self.build()));
            });

    m.def("set_jit_enabled", &JITFusionOp::set_enabled);

    auto custom = submodule(m, "_custom");
    init_custom(custom);
}

#define CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_NON_LIST(dyn_type, static_type)   \
    case custom::ParamDynType::dyn_type: {                     \
        param_val = py::handle(kv.second).cast<static_type>(); \
        break;                                                 \
    }

#define CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_LIST(dyn_type, static_type)                            \
    case custom::ParamDynType::dyn_type: {                                          \
        auto pyvals = py::handle(kv.second).cast<py::list>();                       \
        static_type vals;                                                           \
        using basic_type = custom::get_vector_template_arg_type<static_type>::type; \
        for (auto& pyval : pyvals) {                                                \
            vals.push_back(py::handle(pyval).cast<basic_type>());                   \
        }                                                                           \
        param_val = vals;                                                           \
        break;                                                                      \
    }

PyObject* make_custom_op(PyObject* self, PyObject** args, Py_ssize_t nargs) {
#if MGB_CUSTOM_OP
    auto op_name = py::handle(args[0]).cast<std::string>();
    auto kwargs = py::handle(args[1]).cast<py::dict>();

    std::shared_ptr<OpDef> opdef = CustomOpDefFactory::inst()->create_opdef(op_name);
    auto& custom_opdef = static_cast<mgb::imperative::CustomOpDef&>(*opdef);
    auto& param = custom_opdef.param();

    for (auto&& kv : kwargs) {
        std::string param_name = py::handle(kv.first).cast<std::string>();
        std::string type_name = py::handle(kv.second).ptr()->ob_type->tp_name;

        if (!param.exist(param_name)) {
            mgb_log_warn(
                    "op %s have no param named %s, ignore this param parsed from "
                    "python",
                    op_name.c_str(), param_name.c_str());
            continue;
        }

        auto& param_val = param[param_name];
        switch (param_val.type()) {
            CUSTOM_FOR_EACH_BASIC_PARAMTYPE(CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_NON_LIST)
            CUSTOM_FOR_STRING_PARAMTYPE(CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_NON_LIST)
            CUSTOM_FOR_EACH_BASIC_LIST_PARAMTYPE(CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_LIST)
            CUSTOM_FOR_BOOL_LIST_PARAMTYPE(CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_LIST)
            CUSTOM_FOR_STRING_LIST_PARAMTYPE(CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_LIST)
            default: {
                mgb_assert(
                        false, "param dtype of %s:%s is invalid", op_name.c_str(),
                        param_name.c_str());
            }
        }
    }

    PyTypeObject* pytype;
    pytype = &PyOpType(OpDef);
    PyObject* obj = pytype->tp_alloc(pytype, 0);
    reinterpret_cast<PyOp(OpDef)*>(obj)->op = opdef;

    return obj;
#else
    mgb_assert(
            false,
            "Custom Op is disabled now, please build megengine with Custom Op open");
    return nullptr;
#endif
}

#undef CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_LIST
#undef CUSTOM_CASE_TO_PARSE_NON_LIST

py::list install_custom(const std::string& name, const std::string& path) {
#if MGB_CUSTOM_OP
    py::list ret;
    const auto& ops_in_lib = custom::LibManager::inst()->install(name, path);
    for (const auto& op : ops_in_lib) {
        ret.append(op);
    }
    return ret;
#else
    mgb_assert(
            false,
            "Custom Op is disabled now, please build megengine with Custom Op open");
    py::list ret;
    return ret;
#endif
}

bool uninstall_custom(const std::string& name) {
#if MGB_CUSTOM_OP
    return custom::LibManager::inst()->uninstall(name);
#else
    mgb_assert(
            false,
            "Custom Op is disabled now, please build megengine with Custom Op open");
    return false;
#endif
}

py::list get_custom_op_list(void) {
#if MGB_CUSTOM_OP
    std::vector<std::string> all_ops = CustomOpDefFactory::inst()->op_list();
    py::list ret;
    for (auto& op : all_ops) {
        ret.append(op);
    }
    return ret;
#else
    mgb_assert(
            false,
            "Custom Op is disabled now, please build megengine with Custom Op open");
    py::list ret;
    return ret;
#endif
}

#ifndef METH_FASTCALL
PyObject* py35_make_custom_op(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {
    auto* arr = &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, 0);
    auto size = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
    return make_custom_op(self, arr, size);
};
#endif

void init_custom(pybind11::module m) {
    m.def("_install", &install_custom);
    m.def("_uninstall", &uninstall_custom);
    m.def("_get_custom_op_list", &get_custom_op_list);
    m.def("get_custom_op_abi_tag", [](void) -> int {
        int ret = 0;
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
        ret = _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI;
#endif
        return ret;
    });

    static PyMethodDef method_def = {
#ifdef METH_FASTCALL
            "_make_custom_op", (PyCFunction)make_custom_op, METH_FASTCALL, ""
#else
            "_make_custom_op", (PyCFunction)py35_make_custom_op, METH_VARARGS, ""
#endif
    };
    auto* func = PyCFunction_NewEx(&method_def, nullptr, nullptr);
    pybind11::setattr(m, method_def.ml_name, func);
}