Add similar fix for CompareExchange and add more tests

src/Compilers/CSharp/Portable/FlowAnalysis/NullableWalker.cs

@@ -2988,6 +2988,12 @@ private void LearnFromCompareExchangeMethod(MethodSymbol method, BoundCall node,
                 return;
             }
 
+            var arguments = node.Arguments;
+            if (arguments.Length != method.ParameterCount)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
             // In general a call to CompareExchange of the form:
             //
             // Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref location, value, comparand);
@@ -2999,7 +3005,6 @@ private void LearnFromCompareExchangeMethod(MethodSymbol method, BoundCall node,
             //     location = value;
             // }
 
-            var arguments = node.Arguments;
             var locationSlot = MakeSlot(arguments[0]);
             if (locationSlot != -1)
             {

src/Compilers/CSharp/Test/Semantic/Semantics/NullableReferenceTypesTests.cs

@@ -111749,7 +111749,34 @@ static void M2(string s1, string s2)
         }
 
         [Fact]
-        [WorkItem(35816, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/35816")]
+        [WorkItem(38010, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/38010")]
+        public void ReferenceEquals_IncompleteCall()
+        {
+            var source = @"
+#nullable enable
+class C
+{
+    static void M()
+    {
+        ReferenceEquals(
+    }
+}
+";
+            var comp = CreateCompilation(source);
+            comp.VerifyDiagnostics(
+                // (7,9): error CS7036: There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'objA' of 'object.ReferenceEquals(object, object)'
+                //         ReferenceEquals(
+                Diagnostic(ErrorCode.ERR_NoCorrespondingArgument, "ReferenceEquals").WithArguments("objA", "object.ReferenceEquals(object, object)").WithLocation(7, 9),
+                // (7,25): error CS1026: ) expected
+                //         ReferenceEquals(
+                Diagnostic(ErrorCode.ERR_CloseParenExpected, "").WithLocation(7, 25),
+                // (7,25): error CS1002: ; expected
+                //         ReferenceEquals(
+                Diagnostic(ErrorCode.ERR_SemicolonExpected, "").WithLocation(7, 25));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        [WorkItem(38010, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/38010")]
         public void EqualsMethod_BadArgCount()
         {
             var source = @"
@@ -111816,7 +111843,7 @@ public override bool Equals(object other)
         }
 
         [Fact]
-        [WorkItem(35816, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/35816")]
+        [WorkItem(38010, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/38010")]
         public void EqualsMethod_DefaultArgument_01()
         {
             var source = @"
@@ -111851,7 +111878,7 @@ static void M(C c1)
         }
 
         [Fact]
-        [WorkItem(35816, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/35816")]
+        [WorkItem(38010, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/38010")]
         public void EqualsMethod_DefaultArgument_02()
         {
             var source = @"
@@ -113351,6 +113378,41 @@ void M()
                 Diagnostic(ErrorCode.WRN_NullReferenceReceiver, "location").WithLocation(19, 13));
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        [WorkItem(38010, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/38010")]
+        public void CompareExchange_BadArgCount()
+        {
+            var source = @"
+#pragma warning disable 0436
+using System.Threading;
+namespace System.Threading
+{
+    public static class Interlocked
+    {
+        public static object? CompareExchange(ref object? location, object? value, object? comparand) { return location; }
+    }
+}
+
+class C
+{
+    void M()
+    {
+        string? location = null;
+        Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref location, new object()); // 1
+        _ = location.ToString(); // 2
+    }
+}
+";
+            var comp = CreateCompilation(source, options: WithNonNullTypesTrue());
+            comp.VerifyDiagnostics(
+                // (17,21): error CS7036: There is no argument given that corresponds to the required formal parameter 'comparand' of 'Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref object?, object?, object?)'
+                //         Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref location, new object()); // 1
+                Diagnostic(ErrorCode.ERR_NoCorrespondingArgument, "CompareExchange").WithArguments("comparand", "System.Threading.Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref object?, object?, object?)").WithLocation(17, 21),
+                // (18,13): warning CS8602: Dereference of a possibly null reference.
+                //         _ = location.ToString(); // 2
+                Diagnostic(ErrorCode.WRN_NullReferenceReceiver, "location").WithLocation(18, 13));
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         [WorkItem(37187, "https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/issues/37187")]
         public void IEquatableContravariantNullability()