These adjustments make sure our GraphQL helpers support rendering
queries for empty fields like this:

      {
        echo(text: "Hello world")
      }

Instead of like this:

     {
       echo(text: "Hello world") {
       }
     }

The latter would be an invalid query, causing parsing errors.

And fix the tests so that it won't run into circular paths.

Signed-off-by: NRémy Coutable <remy@rymai.me>

This is mainly the setup of mutations for GraphQL. Including
authorization and basic return type-structure.

This adds Keyset pagination to GraphQL lists. PoC for that is
pipelines on merge requests and projects.

When paginating a list, the base-64 encoded id of the ordering
field (in most cases the primary key) can be passed in the `before` or
`after` GraphQL argument.

This allows the user to get a single MR nested in a GraphQL project
query.

Since we need the full path and the iid anyway, this makes more sense
than having a root query that needs the full path as well.

- All definitions have been replaced by classes:
  http://graphql-ruby.org/schema/class_based_api.html
- Authorization & Presentation have been refactored to work in the
  class based system
- Loaders have been replaced by resolvers
- Times are now coersed as ISO 8601

By specifying a presenter for the object type, we can keep the logic
out of `GitlabSchema`.

The presenter gets initialized using the object being presented, and
the context (including the `current_user`).