https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/67012

This makes our authorization calls available to all GraphQL mutations
without the additional step of including the module first.

Fixing square brackets, links, etc in:
  merge_requests.md
  vulnerabilities.md
  issues.md
  issues_statistics.md
  pipelines.md
  services.md
  group_milestones.md
  milestones.md
  runners.md
  changelog.md
  issue_workflow.md
  elasticsearch.md
  api_graphql_styleguide.md
  automatic_ce_ee_merge.md
  file_storage.md
  architecture.md
  database_debugging.md
  index.md
  index.md
  frontend_testing.md
  pry_debugging.md
  vue.md
  development_process.md

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/29921#note_184713939

Also adds and one linting rule
and makes project conform to it.

See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/create-stage/issues/1 for more context

This exposes all fields named `id` as GlobalIDs so they can be used
across our entire GraphQL implementation.

When the objects loaded are `ApplicationRecord`s. We'll use our
existing batchloading to find them. Otherwise, we'll fall back to the
default implementation of `GlobalID`: Calling the `.find` method on
the class.

Previously GraphQL field authorization happened like this:

    class ProjectType
      field :my_field, MyFieldType do
        authorize :permission
      end
    end

This change allowed us to authorize like this instead:

    class ProjectType
      field :my_field, MyFieldType, authorize: :permission
    end

A new initializer registers the `authorize` metadata keyword on GraphQL
Schema Objects and Fields, and we can collect this data within the
context of Instrumentation like this:

    field.metadata[:authorize]

The previous functionality of authorize is still being used for
mutations, as the #authorize method here is called at during the code
that executes during the mutation, rather than when a field resolves.

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/57828

This is mainly the setup of mutations for GraphQL. Including
authorization and basic return type-structure.

This adds Keyset pagination to GraphQL lists. PoC for that is
pipelines on merge requests and projects.

When paginating a list, the base-64 encoded id of the ordering
field (in most cases the primary key) can be passed in the `before` or
`after` GraphQL argument.

This adds a reusable way to expose permissions for a user to types in
GraphQL.

- All definitions have been replaced by classes:
  http://graphql-ruby.org/schema/class_based_api.html
- Authorization & Presentation have been refactored to work in the
  class based system
- Loaders have been replaced by resolvers
- Times are now coersed as ISO 8601

By specifying a presenter for the object type, we can keep the logic
out of `GitlabSchema`.

The presenter gets initialized using the object being presented, and
the context (including the `current_user`).