https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/67012

This makes our authorization calls available to all GraphQL mutations
without the additional step of including the module first.

Fixing square brackets, links, etc in:
  merge_requests.md
  vulnerabilities.md
  issues.md
  issues_statistics.md
  pipelines.md
  services.md
  group_milestones.md
  milestones.md
  runners.md
  changelog.md
  issue_workflow.md
  elasticsearch.md
  api_graphql_styleguide.md
  automatic_ce_ee_merge.md
  file_storage.md
  architecture.md
  database_debugging.md
  index.md
  index.md
  frontend_testing.md
  pry_debugging.md
  vue.md
  development_process.md

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/29921#note_184713939

Also adds and one linting rule
and makes project conform to it.

See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/create-stage/issues/1 for more context

This exposes all fields named `id` as GlobalIDs so they can be used
across our entire GraphQL implementation.

When the objects loaded are `ApplicationRecord`s. We'll use our
existing batchloading to find them. Otherwise, we'll fall back to the
default implementation of `GlobalID`: Calling the `.find` method on
the class.

Previously GraphQL field authorization happened like this:

    class ProjectType
      field :my_field, MyFieldType do
        authorize :permission
      end
    end

This change allowed us to authorize like this instead:

    class ProjectType
      field :my_field, MyFieldType, authorize: :permission
    end

A new initializer registers the `authorize` metadata keyword on GraphQL
Schema Objects and Fields, and we can collect this data within the
context of Instrumentation like this:

    field.metadata[:authorize]

The previous functionality of authorize is still being used for
mutations, as the #authorize method here is called at during the code
that executes during the mutation, rather than when a field resolves.

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/57828