This works by searching the raw source code for any references to
commonly used ActiveRecord methods. While not bulletproof it saves us
from having to list hundreds of methods by hand. It also ensures that
(most) newly added methods are instrumented automatically.

This _only_ instruments models defined in app/models, should a model
reside somewhere else (e.g. somewhere in lib/) it _won't_ be
instrumented.

This ensures we don't end up wasting resources by tracking method calls
that only take a few microseconds. By default the threshold is 10
milliseconds but this can be changed using the gitlab.yml configuration
file.

The use of ActiveSupport would slow down instrumented method calls by
about 180x due to:

1. ActiveSupport itself not being the fastest thing on the planet
2. caller_locations() having quite some overhead

The use of caller_locations() has been removed because it's not _that_
useful since we already know the full namespace of receivers and the
names of the called methods.

The use of ActiveSupport has been replaced with some custom code that's
generated using eval() (which can be quite a bit faster than using
define_method).

This new setup results in instrumented methods only being about 35-40x
slower (compared to non instrumented methods).

This adds the ability to write application metrics (e.g. SQL timings) to
InfluxDB. These metrics can in turn be visualized using Grafana, or
really anything else that can read from InfluxDB. These metrics can be
used to track application performance over time, between different Ruby
versions, different GitLab versions, etc.

== Transaction Metrics

Currently the following is tracked on a per transaction basis (a
transaction is a Rails request or a single Sidekiq job):

* Timings per query along with the raw (obfuscated) SQL and information
  about what file the query originated from.
* Timings per view along with the path of the view and information about
  what file triggered the rendering process.
* The duration of a request itself along with the controller/worker
  class and method name.
* The duration of any instrumented method calls (more below).

== Sampled Metrics

Certain metrics can't be directly associated with a transaction. For
example, a process' total memory usage is unrelated to any running
transactions. While a transaction can result in the memory usage going
up there's no accurate way to determine what transaction is to blame,
this becomes especially problematic in multi-threaded environments.

To solve this problem there's a separate thread that takes samples at a
fixed interval. This thread (using the class Gitlab::Metrics::Sampler)
currently tracks the following:

* The process' total memory usage.
* The number of file descriptors opened by the process.
* The amount of Ruby objects (using ObjectSpace.count_objects).
* GC statistics such as timings, heap slots, etc.

The default/current interval is 15 seconds, any smaller interval might
put too much pressure on InfluxDB (especially when running dozens of
processes).

== Method Instrumentation

While currently not yet used methods can be instrumented to track how
long they take to run. Unlike the likes of New Relic this doesn't
require modifying the source code (e.g. including modules), it all
happens from the outside. For example, to track `User.by_login` we'd add
the following code somewhere in an initializer:

    Gitlab::Metrics::Instrumentation.
      instrument_method(User, :by_login)

to instead instrument an instance method:

    Gitlab::Metrics::Instrumentation.
      instrument_instance_method(User, :save)

Instrumentation for either all public model methods or a few crucial
ones will be added in the near future, I simply haven't gotten to doing
so just yet.

== Configuration

By default metrics are disabled. This means users don't have to bother
setting anything up if they don't want to. Metrics can be enabled by
editing one's gitlab.yml configuration file (see
config/gitlab.yml.example for example settings).

== Writing Data To InfluxDB

Because InfluxDB is still a fairly young product I expect the worse.
Data loss, unexpected reboots, the database not responding, you name it.
Because of this data is _not_ written to InfluxDB directly, instead it's
queued and processed by Sidekiq. This ensures that users won't notice
anything when InfluxDB is giving trouble.

The metrics worker can be started in a standalone manner as following:

    bundle exec sidekiq -q metrics

The corresponding class is called MetricsWorker.

Skipped CI because it has already passed. Had to rebase due to CHANGELOG.

Signed-off-by: NDmitriy Zaporozhets <dmitriy.zaporozhets@gmail.com>

Two issues:

1. The constraints in the resources were incorrect. Here's what it was before:
```
group_milestone  GET /groups/:group_id/milestones/:id(.:format)  groups/milestones#show {:id=>/[a-zA-Z.0-9_\-]+(?<!\.atom)/, :group_id=>/[a-zA-Z.0-9_\-]+(?<!\.atom)/}
```

In this case, id is actually the title of the milestone, which can be anything at the moment.

After:

```
group_milestone  GET /groups/:group_id/milestones/:id(.:format)  groups/milestones#show {:id=>/[^\/]+/, :group_id=>/[a-zA-Z.0-9_\-]+(?<!\.atom)/}
```

2. `parameterize` would strip all Unicode characters, leaving a blank string. Rails would report something like:

ActionView::Template::Error (No route matches {:action=>"show", :controller=>"groups/milestones", :group_id=>#<Group id: 48, name: "ops-dev", path: "ops-dev", owner_id: nil, created_at: "2015-11-15 08:55:30", updated_at: "2015-12-02 06:23:26", type: "Group", description: "", avatar: "sha1.c71e73d51af1865c1bbbf6208e10044d46c9bb93.png", public: false>, :id=>"", :title=>"肯定不是中文的问题"} missing required keys: [:id]):

This change uses the babosa library to create a better slug, which surprisingly
isn't actually used by the global milestone controllers. Instead, they use the
title passed as a query string for some reason.

Closes https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/9881

Fix constraints

Updated Sidekiq to 3.5.x