"Maintainer" will be freed to be used for #42751

So we can distinguish between the permissions on the source and the
target project.

- `create_merge_request_from` indicates a user can create a merge
  request with the project as a source_project
- `create_merge_request_in` indicates a user can create a merge
  request with the project as a target_project

When a project is not private, and the source branch not protected the
user can now select the option to allow maintainers to push to this
branch

This ensures that we have more visibility in the number of SQL queries
that are executed in web requests. The current threshold is hardcoded to
100 as we will rarely (maybe once or twice) change it.

In production and development we use Sentry if enabled, in the test
environment we raise an error. This feature is also only enabled in
production/staging when running on GitLab.com as it's not very useful to
other users.

Closes gitaly#808

add a spec for commit merge request diff notes

If a merge request was created with a branch name that also matched a tag name,
we'd generate a comparison to or from the tag respectively, rather than the
branch. Merging would still use the branch, of course.

To avoid this, ensure that when we get the branch heads, we prepend the
reference prefix for branches, which will ensure that we generate the correct
comparison.

The st_commits and st_diffs columns on merge_request_diffs historically held the
YAML-serialised data for a merge request diff, in a variety of formats.

Since 9.5, these have been migrated in the background to two new tables:
merge_request_diff_commits and merge_request_diff_files. That has the advantage
that we can actually query the data (for instance, to find out how many commits
we've stored), and that it can't be in a variety of formats, but must match the
new schema.

This is the final step of that journey, where we drop those columns and remove
all references to them. This is a breaking change to the importer, because we
can no longer import diffs created in the old format, and we cannot guarantee
the export will be in the new format unless it was generated after this commit.

After installing a new gem, batch-loader, a construct can be used to
queue data to be fetched in bulk. The gem was also introduced in both
gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!14680 and gitlab-org/gitlab-ce!14846, but those mrs
are not merged yet.

For the generation of diffs, both the old blob and the new blob need to
be loaded. This for every file in the diff, too. Now we collect all
these so we do 1 fetch. Three `.allow_n_plus_1_calls` have been removed,
which I expect to be valid, but this needs to be confirmed by a full CI
run.

Possibly closes:
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/37445
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/37599
- https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/37431

Use Commit#notes and Note.for_commit_id when possible to make sure we use all the indexes available to us

also, I refactored the MergeRequest#fetch_ref method to express
the side-effect that this method has.

  MergeRequest#fetch_ref -> MergeRequest#fetch_ref!
  Repository#fetch_source_branch -> Repository#fetch_source_branch!

Rename classes to (hopefully) clearer names while we're doing that.

This prepares the codebase for a Gitaly migration. See
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/issues/553

In GitLab EE, a GitLab instance can be read-only (e.g. when it's a Geo
secondary node). But in GitLab CE it also might be useful to have the
"read-only" idea around. So port it back to GitLab CE.

Also having the principle of read-only in GitLab CE would hopefully
lead to less errors introduced, doing write operations when there
aren't allowed for read-only calls.

Closes gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#37534.

this will remove the need make N queries (per-note) at the
cost of having to mark notes with an attribute

this opens up the possibility for other special roles for notes

Removed merge_request/issue state_event param parent and removed issuable_path helpers in favour of issuable_url helpers