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doc/articles/runner_autoscale_aws/index.md
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......@@ -22,8 +22,37 @@ quite powerful autoscaling machines.
## Prerequisites
Your GitLab instance is going to need to talk to the Runners over the network,
so consider the sensitivity of your projects and communication between nodes
when moving forward. This has implications on the AWS security groups you'll
need, your DNS configuration, and other networking factors.
For example, you can keep the EC2 resources segmented away from public traffic
in a different VPC. Your environment is likely different, so consider what works
best for your situation.
### AWS security groups
Docker Machine will attempt to use a
[default security group](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/aws/#security-group)
with rules for port 2376, which is required for communication with the Docker
daemon. Instead of relying on Docker, you can create a security group with the
rules you need and provide that in the Runner options as we will see below.
This way, you can customize it to your liking ahead of time based on your
networking environment.
### AWS credentials
You'll need an AWS Access Key tied to a user with permission to scale (EC2) and
update the cache (via S3). Create a new user with policies for EC2
(AmazonEC2FullAccess) and S3 (AmazonS3FullAccess). To be more secure, you can
disable console login for that user. Grab the security credentials as we'll use
them later during the Runner configuration.
## Prepare the bastion instance
The first step is to install GitLab Runner in an EC2 instance that will serve
as the bastion to spawning new machines. This doesn't have to be a powerful
as the bastion that spawns new machines. This doesn't have to be a powerful
machine since it will not run any jobs itself, a `t2.micro` instance will do.
This machine will be a dedicated host since we need it always up and running,
thus it will be the only standard cost.
......@@ -34,11 +63,19 @@ Runner support, for example either Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS or RHEL will work fine
Install the prerequisites:
1. Log in your server
1. Log in to your server
1. [Install GitLab Runner from the official GitLab repository](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/linux-repository.html)
1. [Install Docker](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/#server)
1. [Install Docker Machine](https://docs.docker.com/machine/install-machine/)
Now that the Runner is installed, it's time to register it.
## Registering GitLab Runner
TIP: **Tip:**
If you want every user in your instance to be able to use the autoscaled Runners,
register the Runner as a shared one.
Before configuring the GitLab Runner, you need to first register it, so that
it connects with your GitLab instance:
......@@ -46,10 +83,6 @@ it connects with your GitLab instance:
1. [Register the Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/index.html#gnu-linux)
1. When asked the executor type, enter `docker+machine`
TIP: **Tip:**
If you want every user in your instance to be able to use the autoscaled Runners,
register the Runner as a shared one.
You can now move on to the most important part, configuring GitLab Runner.
## Configuring GitLab Runner to use the AWS machine driver
......@@ -69,6 +102,7 @@ check_interval = 0
url = "<URL of your GitLab instance>"
token = "<Runner's token>"
executor = "docker+machine"
limit = 20
[runners.docker]
image = "alpine"
privileged = true
......@@ -85,11 +119,14 @@ check_interval = 0
IdleCount = 1
IdleTime = 1800
MaxBuilds = 100
MachineDriver = "amazonec2"
MachineName = "gitlab-docker-machine-%s"
OffPeakPeriods = ["* * 0-7,19-23 * * mon-fri *", "* * * * * sat,sun *"]
OffPeakPeriods = [
"* * 0-9,18-23 * * mon-fri *",
"* * * * * sat,sun *"
]
OffPeakIdleCount = 0
OffPeakIdleTime = 1200
MachineDriver = "amazonec2"
MachineName = "gitlab-docker-machine-%s"
MachineOptions = [
"amazonec2-access-key=XXXX",
"amazonec2-secret-key=XXXX",
......@@ -100,10 +137,6 @@ check_interval = 0
"amazonec2-tags=Name,gitlab-runner-autoscale",
"amazonec2-security-group=docker-machine-scaler",
"amazonec2-instance-type=m4.2xlarge",
"amazonec2-ssh-user=ubuntu",
"amazonec2-ssh-keypath=/etc/gitlab-runner/certs/gitlab-aws-autoscaler",
"amazonec2-zone=a",
"amazonec2-root-size=32",
]
```
......@@ -111,11 +144,6 @@ Let's break it down to pieces.
### Global section
```toml
concurrent = 10
check_interval = 0
```
In the global section, you can define the limit of the jobs that can be run
concurrently across all Runners (`concurrent`). This heavily depends on your
needs, like how many users your Runners will accommodate, how much time your
......@@ -125,10 +153,25 @@ forward.
The `check_interval` setting defines in seconds how often the Runner should
check GitLab for new jobs.
Example:
```toml
concurrent = 10
check_interval = 0
```
[Read more](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-global-section)
about all the options you can use.
### `[[runners]]`
### `[[runners]]` section
From the `[[runners]]` section, the most important part is the `executor` which
must be set to `docker+machine`. Most of those settings are taken care of when
you register the Runner for the first time.
`limit` defines how many jobs can be handled concurrently by this token.
Example:
```toml
[[runners]]
......@@ -136,23 +179,13 @@ about all the options you can use.
url = "<URL of your GitLab instance>"
token = "<Runner's token>"
executor = "docker+machine"
limit = 20
```
From the `[[runners]]` section, the most important part is the `executor` which
must be set to `docker+machine`. All those settings are taken care of when you
register the Runner for the first time.
[Read more](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-runners-section)
about all the options you can use under `[[runners]]`.
### `[runners.docker]`
```toml
[runners.docker]
image = "alpine"
privileged = true
disable_cache = true
```
### `[runners.docker]` section
In the `[runners.docker]` section you can define the default Docker image to
be used by the child Runners if it's not defined in [`.gitlab-ci.yml`](../../ci/yaml/README.md).
......@@ -163,10 +196,19 @@ Next, we use `disable_cache = true` to disable the Docker executor's inner
cache mechanism since we will use the distributed cache mode as described
below.
Example:
```toml
[runners.docker]
image = "alpine"
privileged = true
disable_cache = true
```
[Read more](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-runners-docker-section)
about all the options you can use under `[runners.docker]`.
### `[runners.cache]`
### `[runners.cache]` section
To speed up your jobs, GitLab Runner provides a cache mechanism where selected
directories and/or files are saved and shared between subsequent jobs.
......@@ -193,21 +235,33 @@ Here's some more info to get you started:
- [Deploying and using a cache server for GitLab Runner](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/autoscale.html#distributed-runners-caching)
- [How cache works](../../ci/yaml/README.md#cache)
### `[runners.machine]`
### `[runners.machine]` section
This is the most important part of the configuration and it's the one that
tells GitLab Runner how and when to spawn new Docker Machine instances.
tells GitLab Runner how and when to spawn new or remove old Docker Machine
instances.
We will focus on the AWS machine options, for the rest of the settings read
about the:
- [autoscaling algorithm and the parameters it's based on](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/autoscale.html#autoscaling-algorithm-and-parameters) - depends on the needs of your organization
- [off peak time configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/autoscale.html#off-peak-time-mode-configuration) - useful when there are regular time periods in your organization when no work is done, for example weekends
Example:
```toml
[runners.machine]
IdleCount = 1
IdleTime = 1800
MaxBuilds = 100
MachineDriver = "amazonec2"
MachineName = "gitlab-docker-machine-%s"
OffPeakPeriods = ["* * 0-7,19-23 * * mon-fri *", "* * * * * sat,sun *"]
MaxBuilds = 10
OffPeakPeriods = [
"* * 0-9,18-23 * * mon-fri *",
"* * * * * sat,sun *"
]
OffPeakIdleCount = 0
OffPeakIdleTime = 1200
MachineDriver = "amazonec2"
MachineName = "gitlab-docker-machine-%s"
MachineOptions = [
"amazonec2-access-key=XXXX",
"amazonec2-secret-key=XXXX",
......@@ -218,18 +272,44 @@ tells GitLab Runner how and when to spawn new Docker Machine instances.
"amazonec2-tags=Name,gitlab-runner-autoscale",
"amazonec2-security-group=docker-machine-scaler",
"amazonec2-instance-type=m4.2xlarge",
"amazonec2-ssh-user=ubuntu",
"amazonec2-ssh-keypath=/etc/gitlab-runner/certs/gitlab-aws-autoscaler",
"amazonec2-zone=a",
"amazonec2-root-size=32",
]
```
The Docker Machine driver is set to `amazonec2` and the machine name has a
standard prefix followed by `%s` (required) that is replaced by the ID of the
child Runner: `gitlab-docker-machine-%s`.
Now, depending on your AWS infrastructure, there are many options you can set up
under `MachineOptions`. Let's see the most common ones:
- `amazonec2-access-key=XXXX` - The AWS access key of the user that has permissions to create EC2 instances, see [AWS credentials](#aws-credentials).
- `amazonec2-secret-key=XXXX` - The AWS secret key of the user that has permissions to create EC2 instances, see [AWS credentials](#aws-credentials).
- `amazonec2-region=eu-central-1` - The region to use when launching the instance. You can omit this entirely and the default `us-east-1` will be used.
- `amazonec2-vpc-id=vpc-xxxxx` - Your VPC ID to launch the instance in, read more in [Docker docs about the VPC ID](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/aws/#vpc-id).
- `amazonec2-subnet-id=subnet-xxxx` - AWS VPC subnet ID.
- `amazonec2-use-private-address=true` - Use the private IP address for docker-machine, but still create a public IP address. Useful to keep the traffic internal and avoid extra costs.
- `amazonec2-tags=Name,gitlab-runner-autoscale` - AWS extra tag key-value pairs, useful to identify the instances on the AWS console.
- `amazonec2-security-group=docker-machine-scaler` - AWS VPC security group name, see [AWS security groups](#aws-security-groups).
- `amazonec2-instance-type=m4.2xlarge` - The instance type that the child Runners will run on.
TIP: **Tip:**
Under `MachineOptions` you can add anything that the [AWS Docker Machine driver
supports](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/aws/#options).
supports](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/aws/#options). You are highly
encouraged to read Docker's docs as your infrastructure setup may warrant
different options to be applied.
NOTE: **Note:**
The child instances will use by default Ubuntu 16.04 unless you choose a
different AMI ID by setting `amazonec2-ami`.
NOTE: **Note:**
If you specify `amazonec2-private-address-only=true` as one of the machine
options, your EC2 instance won't get assigned a public IP. This is fine if your
VPC is configured correctly with an Internet Gateway (IGW) and routing is fine,
but it’s something to consider if you've got a more exotic configuration. Read
more in [Docker docs about VPC connectivity](https://docs.docker.com/machine/drivers/aws/#vpc-connectivity).
[Read more](/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-runners-machine-section)
[Read more](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html#the-runners-machine-section)
about all the options you can use under `[runners.machine]`.
## Cutting down costs with Amazon EC2 Spot instances
......@@ -243,7 +323,9 @@ pricing, you can significantly reduce the cost of running your applications,
grow your application’s compute capacity and throughput for the same budget,
and enable new types of cloud computing applications.
In `/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml` under the `MachineOptions` section:
In addition to the [`[runners.machine]`](#runners-machine-section) options
you picked above, in `/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml` under the `MachineOptions`
section, add the following:
```toml
MachineOptions = [
......@@ -255,7 +337,8 @@ In `/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml` under the `MachineOptions` section:
With this configuration, Docker Machines are created on Spot instances with a
maximum bid price of $0.03 per hour and the duration of the Spot instance is
capped at 60 minutes.
capped at 60 minutes. Be sure to check on the current pricing based on the
region you picked.
To learn more about Amazon EC2 Spot instances, visit the following links:
......@@ -265,29 +348,37 @@ To learn more about Amazon EC2 Spot instances, visit the following links:
### Caveats of Spot instances
If the Spot price raises, the auto-scale Runner would fail to create new machines.
While Spot instances is a great way to use unused resources and minimize the
costs of your infrastructure, you must be aware of the implications.
Running CI jobs on Spot instances may increase the failure rates because of the
Spot instances pricing model. If the price exceeds your bid, the existing Spot
instances will be immediately terminated and all your jobs on that host will fail.
This eventually eats 60 requests and then AWS won't accept any more. Then once
the spot price is acceptable, you are locked out for a bit because the call amount
limit is exceeded.
As a consequence, the auto-scale Runner would fail to create new machines while
it will continue to request new instances. This eventually will make 60 requests
and then AWS won't accept any more. Then once the Spot price is acceptable, you
are locked out for a bit because the call amount limit is exceeded.
You can use the following command in the bastion machine to see the Docker Machines
state:
If you encounter that case, you can use the following command in the bastion
machine to see the Docker Machines state:
```sh
docker-machine ls -q --filter state=Error --format "{{.NAME}}"
```
NOTE: **Note:**
Follow [issue 2771](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/issues/2771)
for more information.
In [issue 2771](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/issues/2771)
there is a discussion to make GitLab Runner gracefully handle Spot price changes.
## Conclusion
Using the autoscale feature of GitLab Runner can save you both time and money.
Using the spot instances that AWS provides can save you even more.
Using the Spot instances that AWS provides can save you even more, but you must
be aware of the implications. As long as your bid is high enough, there won't
be an issue.
You can read the following user cases from which this tutorial was influenced:
You can read the following use cases from which this tutorial was influenced:
- [HumanGeo - Scaling GitLab CI](http://blog.thehumangeo.com/gitlab-autoscale-runners.html)
- [subtrakt Health - Autoscale GitLab CI Runners and save 90% on EC2 costs](https://substrakthealth.com/news/gitlab-ci-cost-savings/)
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