5k_users.md

---
reading_time: true
stage: Enablement
group: Distribution
info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#designated-technical-writers
---

# Reference architecture: up to 5,000 users **(PREMIUM ONLY)**

This page describes GitLab reference architecture for up to 5,000 users. For a
full list of reference architectures, see
[Available reference architectures](index.md#available-reference-architectures).

NOTE: **Note:**
This reference architecture is designed to help your organization achieve a
highly-available GitLab deployment. If you do not have the expertise or need to
maintain a highly-available environment, you can have a simpler and less
costly-to-operate environment by using the
[2,000-user reference architecture](2k_users.md).

> - **Supported users (approximate):** 5,000
> - **High Availability:** Yes
> - **Test requests per second (RPS) rates:** API: 100 RPS, Web: 10 RPS, Git: 10 RPS

| Service                                    | Nodes       | Configuration           | GCP            | AWS         | Azure    |
|--------------------------------------------|-------------|-------------------------|----------------|-------------|----------|
| External load balancing node               | 1           | 2 vCPU, 1.8GB memory    | n1-highcpu-2   | c5.large    | F2s v2   |
| Redis                                      | 3           | 2 vCPU, 7.5GB memory    | n1-standard-2  | m5.large    | D2s v3   |
| Consul + Sentinel                          | 3           | 2 vCPU, 1.8GB memory    | n1-highcpu-2   | c5.large    | F2s v2   |
| PostgreSQL                                 | 3           | 2 vCPU, 7.5GB memory    | n1-standard-2  | m5.large    | D2s v3   |
| PgBouncer                                  | 3           | 2 vCPU, 1.8GB memory    | n1-highcpu-2   | c5.large    | F2s v2   |
| Internal load balancing node               | 1           | 2 vCPU, 1.8GB memory    | n1-highcpu-2   | c5.large    | F2s v2   |
| Gitaly                                     | 2 (minimum) | 8 vCPU, 30GB memory     | n1-standard-8  | m5.2xlarge  | D8s v3   |
| Sidekiq                                    | 4           | 2 vCPU, 7.5GB memory    | n1-standard-2  | m5.large    | D2s v3   |
| GitLab Rails                               | 3           | 16 vCPU, 14.4GB memory  | n1-highcpu-16  | c5.4xlarge  | F16s v2  |
| Monitoring node                            | 1           | 2 vCPU, 1.8GB memory    | n1-highcpu-2   | c5.large    | F2s v2   |
| Object Storage                             | n/a         | n/a                     | n/a            | n/a         | n/a      |
| NFS Server (optional, not recommended)     | 1           | 4 vCPU, 3.6GB memory    | n1-highcpu-4   | c5.xlarge   | F4s v2   |

The Google Cloud Platform (GCP) architectures were built and tested using the
[Intel Xeon E5 v3 (Haswell)](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/cpu-platforms)
CPU platform. On different hardware you may find that adjustments, either lower
or higher, are required for your CPU or node counts. For more information, see
our [Sysbench](https://github.com/akopytov/sysbench)-based
[CPU benchmark](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Reference-Architectures/GCP-CPU-Benchmarks).

For data objects (such as LFS, Uploads, or Artifacts), an
[object storage service](#configure-the-object-storage) is recommended instead
of NFS where possible, due to better performance and availability. Since this
doesn't require a node to be set up, *Object Storage* is noted as not
applicable (n/a) in the previous table.

## Setup components

To set up GitLab and its components to accommodate up to 5,000 users:

1. [Configure the external load balancing node](#configure-the-external-load-balancer)
   that will handle the load balancing of the two GitLab application services nodes.
1. [Configure Redis](#configure-redis).
1. [Configure Consul and Sentinel](#configure-consul-and-sentinel).
1. [Configure PostgreSQL](#configure-postgresql), the database for GitLab.
1. [Configure PgBouncer](#configure-pgbouncer).
1. [Configure the internal load balancing node](#configure-the-internal-load-balancer)
1. [Configure Gitaly](#configure-gitaly),
   which provides access to the Git repositories.
1. [Configure Sidekiq](#configure-sidekiq).
1. [Configure the main GitLab Rails application](#configure-gitlab-rails)
   to run Puma/Unicorn, Workhorse, GitLab Shell, and to serve all frontend requests (UI, API, Git
   over HTTP/SSH).
1. [Configure Prometheus](#configure-prometheus) to monitor your GitLab environment.
1. [Configure the Object Storage](#configure-the-object-storage)
   used for shared data objects.
1. [Configure NFS (Optional)](#configure-nfs-optional)
   to have shared disk storage service as an alternative to Gitaly and/or Object Storage (although
   not recommended). NFS is required for GitLab Pages, you can skip this step if you're not using
   that feature.

We start with all servers on the same 10.6.0.0/16 private network range, they
can connect to each other freely on those addresses.

Here is a list and description of each machine and the assigned IP:

- `10.6.0.10`: External Load Balancer
- `10.6.0.61`: Redis Primary
- `10.6.0.62`: Redis Replica 1
- `10.6.0.63`: Redis Replica 2
- `10.6.0.11`: Consul/Sentinel 1
- `10.6.0.12`: Consul/Sentinel 2
- `10.6.0.13`: Consul/Sentinel 3
- `10.6.0.31`: PostgreSQL primary
- `10.6.0.32`: PostgreSQL secondary 1
- `10.6.0.33`: PostgreSQL secondary 2
- `10.6.0.21`: PgBouncer 1
- `10.6.0.22`: PgBouncer 2
- `10.6.0.23`: PgBouncer 3
- `10.6.0.20`: Internal Load Balancer
- `10.6.0.51`: Gitaly 1
- `10.6.0.52`: Gitaly 2
- `10.6.0.71`: Sidekiq 1
- `10.6.0.72`: Sidekiq 2
- `10.6.0.73`: Sidekiq 3
- `10.6.0.74`: Sidekiq 4
- `10.6.0.41`: GitLab application 1
- `10.6.0.42`: GitLab application 2
- `10.6.0.43`: GitLab application 3
- `10.6.0.81`: Prometheus

## Configure the external load balancer

NOTE: **Note:**
This architecture has been tested and validated with [HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.org/)
as the load balancer. Although other load balancers with similar feature sets
could also be used, those load balancers have not been validated.

In an active/active GitLab configuration, you will need a load balancer to route
traffic to the application servers. The specifics on which load balancer to use
or the exact configuration is beyond the scope of GitLab documentation. We hope
that if you're managing multi-node systems like GitLab you have a load balancer of
choice already. Some examples including HAProxy (open-source), F5 Big-IP LTM,
and Citrix Net Scaler. This documentation will outline what ports and protocols
you need to use with GitLab.

The next question is how you will handle SSL in your environment.
There are several different options:

- [The application node terminates SSL](#application-node-terminates-ssl).
- [The load balancer terminates SSL without backend SSL](#load-balancer-terminates-ssl-without-backend-ssl)
  and communication is not secure between the load balancer and the application node.
- [The load balancer terminates SSL with backend SSL](#load-balancer-terminates-ssl-with-backend-ssl)
  and communication is *secure* between the load balancer and the application node.

### Application node terminates SSL

Configure your load balancer to pass connections on port 443 as `TCP` rather
than `HTTP(S)` protocol. This will pass the connection to the application node's
NGINX service untouched. NGINX will have the SSL certificate and listen on port 443.

See the [NGINX HTTPS documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#enable-https)
for details on managing SSL certificates and configuring NGINX.

### Load balancer terminates SSL without backend SSL

Configure your load balancer to use the `HTTP(S)` protocol rather than `TCP`.
The load balancer will then be responsible for managing SSL certificates and
terminating SSL.

Since communication between the load balancer and GitLab will not be secure,
there is some additional configuration needed. See the
[NGINX proxied SSL documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#supporting-proxied-ssl)
for details.

### Load balancer terminates SSL with backend SSL

Configure your load balancer(s) to use the 'HTTP(S)' protocol rather than 'TCP'.
The load balancer(s) will be responsible for managing SSL certificates that
end users will see.

Traffic will also be secure between the load balancer(s) and NGINX in this
scenario. There is no need to add configuration for proxied SSL since the
connection will be secure all the way. However, configuration will need to be
added to GitLab to configure SSL certificates. See
[NGINX HTTPS documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#enable-https)
for details on managing SSL certificates and configuring NGINX.

### Ports

The basic ports to be used are shown in the table below.

| LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol                 |
| ------- | ------------ | ------------------------ |
| 80      | 80           | HTTP (*1*)               |
| 443     | 443          | TCP or HTTPS (*1*) (*2*) |
| 22      | 22           | TCP                      |

- (*1*): [Web terminal](../../ci/environments/index.md#web-terminals) support requires
  your load balancer to correctly handle WebSocket connections. When using
  HTTP or HTTPS proxying, this means your load balancer must be configured
  to pass through the `Connection` and `Upgrade` hop-by-hop headers. See the
  [web terminal](../integration/terminal.md) integration guide for
  more details.
- (*2*): When using HTTPS protocol for port 443, you will need to add an SSL
  certificate to the load balancers. If you wish to terminate SSL at the
  GitLab application server instead, use TCP protocol.

If you're using GitLab Pages with custom domain support you will need some
additional port configurations.
GitLab Pages requires a separate virtual IP address. Configure DNS to point the
`pages_external_url` from `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` at the new virtual IP address. See the
[GitLab Pages documentation](../pages/index.md) for more information.

| LB Port | Backend Port  | Protocol  |
| ------- | ------------- | --------- |
| 80      | Varies (*1*)  | HTTP      |
| 443     | Varies (*1*)  | TCP (*2*) |

- (*1*): The backend port for GitLab Pages depends on the
  `gitlab_pages['external_http']` and `gitlab_pages['external_https']`
  setting. See [GitLab Pages documentation](../pages/index.md) for more details.
- (*2*): Port 443 for GitLab Pages should always use the TCP protocol. Users can
  configure custom domains with custom SSL, which would not be possible
  if SSL was terminated at the load balancer.

#### Alternate SSH Port

Some organizations have policies against opening SSH port 22. In this case,
it may be helpful to configure an alternate SSH hostname that allows users
to use SSH on port 443. An alternate SSH hostname will require a new virtual IP address
compared to the other GitLab HTTP configuration above.

Configure DNS for an alternate SSH hostname such as `altssh.gitlab.example.com`.

| LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol |
| ------- | ------------ | -------- |
| 443     | 22           | TCP      |

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## Configure Redis

Using [Redis](https://redis.io/) in scalable environment is possible using a **Primary** x **Replica**
topology with a [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) service to watch and automatically
start the failover procedure.

Redis requires authentication if used with Sentinel. See
[Redis Security](https://redis.io/topics/security) documentation for more
information. We recommend using a combination of a Redis password and tight
firewall rules to secure your Redis service.
You are highly encouraged to read the [Redis Sentinel](https://redis.io/topics/sentinel) documentation
before configuring Redis with GitLab to fully understand the topology and
architecture.

In this section, you'll be guided through configuring an external Redis instance
to be used with GitLab. The following IPs will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.61`: Redis Primary
- `10.6.0.62`: Redis Replica 1
- `10.6.0.63`: Redis Replica 2

### Provide your own Redis instance

Managed Redis from cloud providers such as AWS ElastiCache will work. If these
services support high availability, be sure it is **not** the Redis Cluster type.

Redis version 5.0 or higher is required, as this is what ships with
Omnibus GitLab packages starting with GitLab 13.0. Older Redis versions
do not support an optional count argument to SPOP which is now required for
[Merge Trains](../../ci/merge_request_pipelines/pipelines_for_merged_results/merge_trains/index.md).

Note the Redis node's IP address or hostname, port, and password (if required).
These will be necessary when configuring the
[GitLab application servers](#configure-gitlab-rails) later.

### Standalone Redis using Omnibus GitLab

This is the section where we install and set up the new Redis instances.

The requirements for a Redis setup are the following:

1. All Redis nodes must be able to talk to each other and accept incoming
   connections over Redis (`6379`) and Sentinel (`26379`) ports (unless you
   change the default ones).
1. The server that hosts the GitLab application must be able to access the
   Redis nodes.
1. Protect the nodes from access from external networks
   ([Internet](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/uploads/c4cc8cd353604bd80315f9384035ff9e/The_Internet_IT_Crowd.png)),
   using a firewall.

NOTE: **Note:**
Redis nodes (both primary and replica) will need the same password defined in
`redis['password']`. At any time during a failover the Sentinels can
reconfigure a node and change its status from primary to replica and vice versa.

#### Configuring the primary Redis instance

1. SSH into the **Primary** Redis server.
1. [Download/install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Omnibus GitLab
   package you want using **steps 1 and 2** from the GitLab downloads page.
   - Make sure you select the correct Omnibus package, with the same version
     and type (Community, Enterprise editions) of your current install.
   - Do not complete any other steps on the download page.

1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents:

   ```ruby
   # Specify server role as 'redis_master_role'
   roles ['redis_master_role']

   # IP address pointing to a local IP that the other machines can reach to.
   # You can also set bind to '0.0.0.0' which listen in all interfaces.
   # If you really need to bind to an external accessible IP, make
   # sure you add extra firewall rules to prevent unauthorized access.
   redis['bind'] = '10.6.0.61'

   # Define a port so Redis can listen for TCP requests which will allow other
   # machines to connect to it.
   redis['port'] = 6379

   # Set up password authentication for Redis (use the same password in all nodes).
   redis['password'] = 'redis-password-goes-here'

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   redis_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9121'
   redis_exporter['flags'] = {
        'redis.addr' => 'redis://10.6.0.61:6379',
        'redis.password' => 'redis-password-goes-here',
   }

   # Disable auto migrations
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
   ```

1. [Reconfigure Omnibus GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.

NOTE: **Note:**
You can specify multiple roles like sentinel and Redis as:
`roles ['redis_sentinel_role', 'redis_master_role']`.
Read more about [roles](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/roles/).

You can list the current Redis Primary, Replica status via:

```shell
/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/redis-cli -h <host> -a 'redis-password-goes-here' info replication
```

Show running GitLab services via:

```shell
gitlab-ctl status
```

The output should be similar to the following:

```plaintext
run: consul: (pid 30043) 76863s; run: log: (pid 29691) 76892s
run: logrotate: (pid 31152) 3070s; run: log: (pid 29595) 76908s
run: node-exporter: (pid 30064) 76862s; run: log: (pid 29624) 76904s
run: redis: (pid 30070) 76861s; run: log: (pid 29573) 76914s
run: redis-exporter: (pid 30075) 76861s; run: log: (pid 29674) 76896s
```

#### Configuring the replica Redis instances

1. SSH into the **replica** Redis server.
1. [Download/install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Omnibus GitLab
   package you want using **steps 1 and 2** from the GitLab downloads page.
   - Make sure you select the correct Omnibus package, with the same version
     and type (Community, Enterprise editions) of your current install.
   - Do not complete any other steps on the download page.

1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents:

   ```ruby
   # Specify server role as 'redis_replica_role'
   roles ['redis_replica_role']

   # IP address pointing to a local IP that the other machines can reach to.
   # You can also set bind to '0.0.0.0' which listen in all interfaces.
   # If you really need to bind to an external accessible IP, make
   # sure you add extra firewall rules to prevent unauthorized access.
   redis['bind'] = '10.6.0.62'

   # Define a port so Redis can listen for TCP requests which will allow other
   # machines to connect to it.
   redis['port'] = 6379

   # The same password for Redis authentication you set up for the primary node.
   redis['password'] = 'redis-password-goes-here'

   # The IP of the primary Redis node.
   redis['master_ip'] = '10.6.0.61'

   # Port of primary Redis server, uncomment to change to non default. Defaults
   # to `6379`.
   #redis['master_port'] = 6379

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   redis_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9121'
   redis_exporter['flags'] = {
        'redis.addr' => 'redis://10.6.0.62:6379',
        'redis.password' => 'redis-password-goes-here',
   }

   # Disable auto migrations
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
   ```

1. [Reconfigure Omnibus GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.
1. Go through the steps again for all the other replica nodes, and
   make sure to set up the IPs correctly.

NOTE: **Note:**
You can specify multiple roles like sentinel and Redis as:
`roles ['redis_sentinel_role', 'redis_master_role']`.
Read more about [roles](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/roles/).

These values don't have to be changed again in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` after
a failover, as the nodes will be managed by the [Sentinels](#configure-consul-and-sentinel), and even after a
`gitlab-ctl reconfigure`, they will get their configuration restored by
the same Sentinels.

Advanced [configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/redis.html)
are supported and can be added if needed.

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## Configure Consul and Sentinel

NOTE: **Note:**
If you are using an external Redis Sentinel instance, be sure
to exclude the `requirepass` parameter from the Sentinel
configuration. This parameter will cause clients to report `NOAUTH
Authentication required.`. [Redis Sentinel 3.2.x does not support
password authentication](https://github.com/antirez/redis/issues/3279).

Now that the Redis servers are all set up, let's configure the Sentinel
servers. The following IPs will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.11`: Consul/Sentinel 1
- `10.6.0.12`: Consul/Sentinel 2
- `10.6.0.13`: Consul/Sentinel 3

To configure the Sentinel:

1. SSH into the server that will host Consul/Sentinel.
1. [Download/install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the
   Omnibus GitLab Enterprise Edition package using **steps 1 and 2** from the
   GitLab downloads page.
   - Make sure you select the correct Omnibus package, with the same version
     the GitLab application is running.
   - Do not complete any other steps on the download page.

1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents:

   ```ruby
   roles ['redis_sentinel_role', 'consul_role']

   # Must be the same in every sentinel node
   redis['master_name'] = 'gitlab-redis'

   # The same password for Redis authentication you set up for the primary node.
   redis['master_password'] = 'redis-password-goes-here'

   # The IP of the primary Redis node.
   redis['master_ip'] = '10.6.0.61'

   # Define a port so Redis can listen for TCP requests which will allow other
   # machines to connect to it.
   redis['port'] = 6379

   # Port of primary Redis server, uncomment to change to non default. Defaults
   # to `6379`.
   #redis['master_port'] = 6379

   ## Configure Sentinel
   sentinel['bind'] = '10.6.0.11'

   # Port that Sentinel listens on, uncomment to change to non default. Defaults
   # to `26379`.
   # sentinel['port'] = 26379

   ## Quorum must reflect the amount of voting sentinels it take to start a failover.
   ## Value must NOT be greater then the amount of sentinels.
   ##
   ## The quorum can be used to tune Sentinel in two ways:
   ## 1. If a the quorum is set to a value smaller than the majority of Sentinels
   ##    we deploy, we are basically making Sentinel more sensible to primary failures,
   ##    triggering a failover as soon as even just a minority of Sentinels is no longer
   ##    able to talk with the primary.
   ## 1. If a quorum is set to a value greater than the majority of Sentinels, we are
   ##    making Sentinel able to failover only when there are a very large number (larger
   ##    than majority) of well connected Sentinels which agree about the primary being down.s
   sentinel['quorum'] = 2

   ## Consider unresponsive server down after x amount of ms.
   # sentinel['down_after_milliseconds'] = 10000

   ## Specifies the failover timeout in milliseconds. It is used in many ways:
   ##
   ## - The time needed to re-start a failover after a previous failover was
   ##   already tried against the same primary by a given Sentinel, is two
   ##   times the failover timeout.
   ##
   ## - The time needed for a replica replicating to a wrong primary according
   ##   to a Sentinel current configuration, to be forced to replicate
   ##   with the right primary, is exactly the failover timeout (counting since
   ##   the moment a Sentinel detected the misconfiguration).
   ##
   ## - The time needed to cancel a failover that is already in progress but
   ##   did not produced any configuration change (REPLICAOF NO ONE yet not
   ##   acknowledged by the promoted replica).
   ##
   ## - The maximum time a failover in progress waits for all the replica to be
   ##   reconfigured as replicas of the new primary. However even after this time
   ##   the replicas will be reconfigured by the Sentinels anyway, but not with
   ##   the exact parallel-syncs progression as specified.
   # sentinel['failover_timeout'] = 60000

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      server: true,
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   redis_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9121'

   # Disable auto migrations
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
   ```

1. [Reconfigure Omnibus GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.
1. Go through the steps again for all the other Consul/Sentinel nodes, and
   make sure you set up the correct IPs.

NOTE: **Note:**
A Consul leader will be elected when the provisioning of the third Consul server is completed.
Viewing the Consul logs `sudo gitlab-ctl tail consul` will display
`...[INFO] consul: New leader elected: ...`

You can list the current Consul members (server, client):

```shell
sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/consul members
```

You can verify the GitLab services are running:

```shell
sudo gitlab-ctl status
```

The output should be similar to the following:

```plaintext
run: consul: (pid 30074) 76834s; run: log: (pid 29740) 76844s
run: logrotate: (pid 30925) 3041s; run: log: (pid 29649) 76861s
run: node-exporter: (pid 30093) 76833s; run: log: (pid 29663) 76855s
run: sentinel: (pid 30098) 76832s; run: log: (pid 29704) 76850s
```

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## Configure PostgreSQL

In this section, you'll be guided through configuring an external PostgreSQL database
to be used with GitLab.

### Provide your own PostgreSQL instance

If you're hosting GitLab on a cloud provider, you can optionally use a
managed service for PostgreSQL. For example, AWS offers a managed Relational
Database Service (RDS) that runs PostgreSQL.

If you use a cloud-managed service, or provide your own PostgreSQL:

1. Set up PostgreSQL according to the
   [database requirements document](../../install/requirements.md#database).
1. Set up a `gitlab` username with a password of your choice. The `gitlab` user
   needs privileges to create the `gitlabhq_production` database.
1. Configure the GitLab application servers with the appropriate details.
   This step is covered in [Configuring the GitLab Rails application](#configure-gitlab-rails).

See [Configure GitLab using an external PostgreSQL service](../postgresql/external.md) for
further configuration steps.

### Standalone PostgreSQL using Omnibus GitLab

The following IPs will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.31`: PostgreSQL primary
- `10.6.0.32`: PostgreSQL secondary 1
- `10.6.0.33`: PostgreSQL secondary 2

First, make sure to [install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/)
the Linux GitLab package **on each node**. Following the steps,
install the necessary dependencies from step 1, and add the
GitLab package repository from step 2. When installing GitLab
in the second step, do not supply the `EXTERNAL_URL` value.

#### PostgreSQL primary node

1. SSH into the PostgreSQL primary node.
1. Generate a password hash for the PostgreSQL username/password pair. This assumes you will use the default
   username of `gitlab` (recommended). The command will request a password
   and confirmation. Use the value that is output by this command in the next
   step as the value of `<postgresql_password_hash>`:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab
   ```

1. Generate a password hash for the PgBouncer username/password pair. This assumes you will use the default
   username of `pgbouncer` (recommended). The command will request a password
   and confirmation. Use the value that is output by this command in the next
   step as the value of `<pgbouncer_password_hash>`:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 pgbouncer
   ```

1. Generate a password hash for the Consul database username/password pair. This assumes you will use the default
   username of `gitlab-consul` (recommended). The command will request a password
   and confirmation. Use the value that is output by this command in the next
   step as the value of `<consul_password_hash>`:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab-consul
   ```

1. On the primary database node, edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` replacing values noted in the `# START user configuration` section:

   ```ruby
   # Disable all components except PostgreSQL and Repmgr and Consul
   roles ['postgres_role']

   # PostgreSQL configuration
   postgresql['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0'
   postgresql['hot_standby'] = 'on'
   postgresql['wal_level'] = 'replica'
   postgresql['shared_preload_libraries'] = 'repmgr_funcs'

   # Disable automatic database migrations
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

   # Configure the Consul agent
   consul['services'] = %w(postgresql)

   # START user configuration
   # Please set the real values as explained in Required Information section
   #
   # Replace PGBOUNCER_PASSWORD_HASH with a generated md5 value
   postgresql['pgbouncer_user_password'] = '<pgbouncer_password_hash>'
   # Replace POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH with a generated md5 value
   postgresql['sql_user_password'] = '<postgresql_password_hash>'
   # Set `max_wal_senders` to one more than the number of database nodes in the cluster.
   # This is used to prevent replication from using up all of the
   # available database connections.
   postgresql['max_wal_senders'] = 4
   postgresql['max_replication_slots'] = 4

   # Replace XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/YY with Network Address
   postgresql['trust_auth_cidr_addresses'] = %w(127.0.0.1/32 10.6.0.0/24)
   repmgr['trust_auth_cidr_addresses'] = %w(127.0.0.1/32 10.6.0.0/24)

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on for monitoring
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   postgres_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9187'
   postgres_exporter['dbname'] = 'gitlabhq_production'
   postgres_exporter['password'] = '<postgresql_password_hash>'

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }
   #
   # END user configuration
   ```

1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.
1. You can list the current PostgreSQL primary, secondary nodes status via:

   ```shell
   sudo /opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-ctl repmgr cluster show
   ```

1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 30593) 77133s; run: log: (pid 29912) 77156s
   run: logrotate: (pid 23449) 3341s; run: log: (pid 29794) 77175s
   run: node-exporter: (pid 30613) 77133s; run: log: (pid 29824) 77170s
   run: postgres-exporter: (pid 30620) 77132s; run: log: (pid 29894) 77163s
   run: postgresql: (pid 30630) 77132s; run: log: (pid 29618) 77181s
   run: repmgrd: (pid 30639) 77132s; run: log: (pid 29985) 77150s
   ```

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#### PostgreSQL secondary nodes

1. On both the secondary nodes, add the same configuration specified above for the primary node
   with an additional setting that will inform `gitlab-ctl` that they are standby nodes initially
   and there's no need to attempt to register them as a primary node:

   ```ruby
   # Disable all components except PostgreSQL and Repmgr and Consul
   roles ['postgres_role']

   # PostgreSQL configuration
   postgresql['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0'
   postgresql['hot_standby'] = 'on'
   postgresql['wal_level'] = 'replica'
   postgresql['shared_preload_libraries'] = 'repmgr_funcs'

   # Disable automatic database migrations
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

   # Configure the Consul agent
   consul['services'] = %w(postgresql)

   # Specify if a node should attempt to be primary on initialization.
   repmgr['master_on_initialization'] = false

   # START user configuration
   # Please set the real values as explained in Required Information section
   #
   # Replace PGBOUNCER_PASSWORD_HASH with a generated md5 value
   postgresql['pgbouncer_user_password'] = '<pgbouncer_password_hash>'
   # Replace POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH with a generated md5 value
   postgresql['sql_user_password'] = '<postgresql_password_hash>'
   # Set `max_wal_senders` to one more than the number of database nodes in the cluster.
   # This is used to prevent replication from using up all of the
   # available database connections.
   postgresql['max_wal_senders'] = 4
   postgresql['max_replication_slots'] = 4

   # Replace XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/YY with Network Address
   postgresql['trust_auth_cidr_addresses'] = %w(127.0.0.1/32 10.6.0.0/24)
   repmgr['trust_auth_cidr_addresses'] = %w(127.0.0.1/32 10.6.0.0/24)

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on for monitoring
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   postgres_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9187'
   postgres_exporter['dbname'] = 'gitlabhq_production'
   postgres_exporter['password'] = '<postgresql_password_hash>'

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }
   # END user configuration
   ```

1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.

Advanced [configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html)
are supported and can be added if needed.

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#### PostgreSQL post-configuration

SSH into the **primary node**:

1. Open a database prompt:

   ```shell
   gitlab-psql -d gitlabhq_production
   ```

1. Enable the `pg_trgm` extension:

   ```shell
   CREATE EXTENSION pg_trgm;
   ```

1. Exit the database prompt by typing `\q` and Enter.

1. Verify the cluster is initialized with one node:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl repmgr cluster show
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   Role      | Name     | Upstream | Connection String
   ----------+----------|----------|----------------------------------------
   * master  | HOSTNAME |          | host=HOSTNAME user=gitlab_repmgr dbname=gitlab_repmgr
   ```

1. Note down the hostname or IP address in the connection string: `host=HOSTNAME`. We will
   refer to the hostname in the next section as `<primary_node_name>`. If the value
   is not an IP address, it will need to be a resolvable name (via DNS or
   `/etc/hosts`)

SSH into the **secondary node**:

1. Set up the repmgr standby:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl repmgr standby setup <primary_node_name>
   ```

   Do note that this will remove the existing data on the node. The command
   has a wait time.

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```console
   Doing this will delete the entire contents of /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data
   If this is not what you want, hit Ctrl-C now to exit
   To skip waiting, rerun with the -w option
   Sleeping for 30 seconds
   Stopping the database
   Removing the data
   Cloning the data
   Starting the database
   Registering the node with the cluster
   ok: run: repmgrd: (pid 19068) 0s
   ```

Before moving on, make sure the databases are configured correctly. Run the
following command on the **primary** node to verify that replication is working
properly and the secondary nodes appear in the cluster:

```shell
gitlab-ctl repmgr cluster show
```

The output should be similar to the following:

```plaintext
Role      | Name    | Upstream  | Connection String
----------+---------|-----------|------------------------------------------------
* master  | MASTER  |           | host=<primary_node_name> user=gitlab_repmgr dbname=gitlab_repmgr
  standby | STANDBY | MASTER    | host=<secondary_node_name> user=gitlab_repmgr dbname=gitlab_repmgr
  standby | STANDBY | MASTER    | host=<secondary_node_name> user=gitlab_repmgr dbname=gitlab_repmgr
```

If the 'Role' column for any node says "FAILED", check the
[Troubleshooting section](troubleshooting.md) before proceeding.

Also, check that the `repmgr-check-master` command works successfully on each node:

```shell
su - gitlab-consul
gitlab-ctl repmgr-check-master || echo 'This node is a standby repmgr node'
```

This command relies on exit codes to tell Consul whether a particular node is a master
or secondary. The most important thing here is that this command does not produce errors.
If there are errors it's most likely due to incorrect `gitlab-consul` database user permissions.
Check the [Troubleshooting section](troubleshooting.md) before proceeding.

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## Configure PgBouncer

Now that the PostgreSQL servers are all set up, let's configure PgBouncer.
The following IPs will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.21`: PgBouncer 1
- `10.6.0.22`: PgBouncer 2
- `10.6.0.23`: PgBouncer 3

1. On each PgBouncer node, edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`, and replace
   `<consul_password_hash>` and `<pgbouncer_password_hash>` with the
   password hashes you [set up previously](#postgresql-primary-node):

   ```ruby
   # Disable all components except Pgbouncer and Consul agent
   roles ['pgbouncer_role']

   # Configure PgBouncer
   pgbouncer['admin_users'] = %w(pgbouncer gitlab-consul)

   pgbouncer['users'] = {
   'gitlab-consul': {
      password: '<consul_password_hash>'
   },
   'pgbouncer': {
      password: '<pgbouncer_password_hash>'
   }
   }

   # Configure Consul agent
   consul['watchers'] = %w(postgresql)
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['configuration'] = {
   retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13)
   }

   # Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] = true

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   pgbouncer_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9188'
   ```

1. [Reconfigure Omnibus GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect.

1. Create a `.pgpass` file so Consul is able to
   reload PgBouncer. Enter the PgBouncer password twice when asked:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl write-pgpass --host 127.0.0.1 --database pgbouncer --user pgbouncer --hostuser gitlab-consul
   ```

1. Ensure each node is talking to the current master:

   ```shell
   gitlab-ctl pgb-console # You will be prompted for PGBOUNCER_PASSWORD
   ```

   If there is an error `psql: ERROR:  Auth failed` after typing in the
   password, ensure you previously generated the MD5 password hashes with the correct
   format. The correct format is to concatenate the password and the username:
   `PASSWORDUSERNAME`. For example, `Sup3rS3cr3tpgbouncer` would be the text
   needed to generate an MD5 password hash for the `pgbouncer` user.

1. Once the console prompt is available, run the following queries:

   ```shell
   show databases ; show clients ;
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
           name         |  host       | port |      database       | force_user | pool_size | reserve_pool | pool_mode | max_connections | current_connections
   ---------------------+-------------+------+---------------------+------------+-----------+--------------+-----------+-----------------+---------------------
    gitlabhq_production | MASTER_HOST | 5432 | gitlabhq_production |            |        20 |            0 |           |               0 |                   0
    pgbouncer           |             | 6432 | pgbouncer           | pgbouncer  |         2 |            0 | statement |               0 |                   0
   (2 rows)

    type |   user    |      database       |  state  |   addr         | port  | local_addr | local_port |    connect_time     |    request_time     |    ptr    | link | remote_pid | tls
   ------+-----------+---------------------+---------+----------------+-------+------------+------------+---------------------+---------------------+-----------+------+------------+-----
    C    | pgbouncer | pgbouncer           | active  | 127.0.0.1      | 56846 | 127.0.0.1  |       6432 | 2017-08-21 18:09:59 | 2017-08-21 18:10:48 | 0x22b3880 |      |          0 |
   (2 rows)
   ```

1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 31530) 77150s; run: log: (pid 31106) 77182s
   run: logrotate: (pid 32613) 3357s; run: log: (pid 30107) 77500s
   run: node-exporter: (pid 31550) 77149s; run: log: (pid 30138) 77493s
   run: pgbouncer: (pid 32033) 75593s; run: log: (pid 31117) 77175s
   run: pgbouncer-exporter: (pid 31558) 77148s; run: log: (pid 31498) 77156s
   ```

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### Configure the internal load balancer

If you're running more than one PgBouncer node as recommended, then at this time you'll need to set
up a TCP internal load balancer to serve each correctly.

The following IP will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.20`: Internal Load Balancer

Here's how you could do it with [HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.org/):

```plaintext
global
    log /dev/log local0
    log localhost local1 notice
    log stdout format raw local0

defaults
    log global
    default-server inter 10s fall 3 rise 2
    balance leastconn

frontend internal-pgbouncer-tcp-in
    bind *:6432
    mode tcp
    option tcplog

    default_backend pgbouncer

backend pgbouncer
    mode tcp
    option tcp-check

    server pgbouncer1 10.6.0.21:6432 check
    server pgbouncer2 10.6.0.22:6432 check
    server pgbouncer3 10.6.0.23:6432 check
```

Refer to your preferred Load Balancer's documentation for further guidance.

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## Configure Gitaly

Deploying Gitaly in its own server can benefit GitLab installations that are
larger than a single machine.

The Gitaly node requirements are dependent on customer data, specifically the number of
projects and their repository sizes. Two nodes are recommended as an absolute minimum.
Each Gitaly node should store no more than 5TB of data and have the number of
[`gitaly-ruby` workers](../gitaly/index.md#gitaly-ruby) set to 20% of available CPUs.
Additional nodes should be considered in conjunction with a review of expected
data size and spread based on the recommendations above.

It is also strongly recommended that all Gitaly nodes be set up with SSD disks with
a throughput of at least 8,000 IOPS for read operations and 2,000 IOPS for write,
as Gitaly has heavy I/O. These IOPS values are recommended only as a starter as with
time they may be adjusted higher or lower depending on the scale of your environment's workload.
If you're running the environment on a Cloud provider, you may need to refer to
their documentation on how to configure IOPS correctly.

Some things to note:

- The GitLab Rails application shards repositories into [repository storages](../repository_storage_paths.md).
- A Gitaly server can host one or more storages.
- A GitLab server can use one or more Gitaly servers.
- Gitaly addresses must be specified in such a way that they resolve
  correctly for ALL Gitaly clients.
- Gitaly servers must not be exposed to the public internet, as Gitaly's network
  traffic is unencrypted by default. The use of a firewall is highly recommended
  to restrict access to the Gitaly server. Another option is to
  [use TLS](#gitaly-tls-support).

TIP: **Tip:**
For more information about Gitaly's history and network architecture see the
[standalone Gitaly documentation](../gitaly/index.md).

Note: **Note:** The token referred to throughout the Gitaly documentation is
just an arbitrary password selected by the administrator. It is unrelated to
tokens created for the GitLab API or other similar web API tokens.

Below we describe how to configure two Gitaly servers, with IPs and
domain names:

- `10.6.0.51`: Gitaly 1 (`gitaly1.internal`)
- `10.6.0.52`: Gitaly 2 (`gitaly2.internal`)

The secret token is assumed to be `gitalysecret` and that
your GitLab installation has three repository storages:

- `default` on Gitaly 1
- `storage1` on Gitaly 1
- `storage2` on Gitaly 2

On each node:

1. [Download/Install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Omnibus GitLab
   package you want using **steps 1 and 2** from the GitLab downloads page but
   **without** providing the `EXTERNAL_URL` value.
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` to configure storage paths, enable
   the network listener and configure the token:

   <!--
   updates to following example must also be made at
   https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/advanced/external-gitaly/external-omnibus-gitaly.md#configure-omnibus-gitlab
   -->

   ```ruby
   # /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

   # Gitaly and GitLab use two shared secrets for authentication, one to authenticate gRPC requests
   # to Gitaly, and a second for authentication callbacks from GitLab-Shell to the GitLab internal API.
   # The following two values must be the same as their respective values
   # of the GitLab Rails application setup
   gitaly['auth_token'] = 'gitalysecret'
   gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'shellsecret'

   # Avoid running unnecessary services on the Gitaly server
   postgresql['enable'] = false
   redis['enable'] = false
   nginx['enable'] = false
   puma['enable'] = false
   unicorn['enable'] = false
   sidekiq['enable'] = false
   gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false
   grafana['enable'] = false
   gitlab_exporter['enable'] = false

   # If you run a seperate monitoring node you can disable these services
   alertmanager['enable'] = false
   prometheus['enable'] = false

   # Prevent database connections during 'gitlab-ctl reconfigure'
   gitlab_rails['rake_cache_clear'] = false
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

   # Configure the gitlab-shell API callback URL. Without this, `git push` will
   # fail. This can be your 'front door' GitLab URL or an internal load
   # balancer.
   # Don't forget to copy `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` from web server to Gitaly server.
   gitlab_rails['internal_api_url'] = 'https://gitlab.example.com'

   # Make Gitaly accept connections on all network interfaces. You must use
   # firewalls to restrict access to this address/port.
   # Comment out following line if you only want to support TLS connections
   gitaly['listen_addr'] = "0.0.0.0:8075"

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on for monitoring
   gitaly['prometheus_listen_addr'] = "0.0.0.0:9236"
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   gitlab_rails['prometheus_address'] = '10.6.0.81:9090'

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }
   ```

1. Append the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` for each respective server:
   1. On `gitaly1.internal`:

      ```ruby
      git_data_dirs({
        'default' => {
          'path' => '/var/opt/gitlab/git-data'
        },
        'storage1' => {
          'path' => '/mnt/gitlab/git-data'
        },
      })
      ```

   1. On `gitaly2.internal`:

      ```ruby
      git_data_dirs({
        'storage2' => {
          'path' => '/mnt/gitlab/git-data'
        },
      })
      ```

   <!--
   updates to following example must also be made at
   https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/advanced/external-gitaly/external-omnibus-gitaly.md#configure-omnibus-gitlab
   -->

1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure).
1. Confirm that Gitaly can perform callbacks to the internal API:

   ```shell
   sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/bin/check -config /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/config.yml
   ```

1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 30339) 77006s; run: log: (pid 29878) 77020s
   run: gitaly: (pid 30351) 77005s; run: log: (pid 29660) 77040s
   run: logrotate: (pid 7760) 3213s; run: log: (pid 29782) 77032s
   run: node-exporter: (pid 30378) 77004s; run: log: (pid 29812) 77026s
   ```

### Gitaly TLS support

Gitaly supports TLS encryption. To be able to communicate
with a Gitaly instance that listens for secure connections you will need to use `tls://` URL
scheme in the `gitaly_address` of the corresponding storage entry in the GitLab configuration.

You will need to bring your own certificates as this isn't provided automatically.
The certificate, or its certificate authority, must be installed on all Gitaly
nodes (including the Gitaly node using the certificate) and on all client nodes
that communicate with it following the procedure described in
[GitLab custom certificate configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#install-custom-public-certificates).

NOTE: **Note:**
The self-signed certificate must specify the address you use to access the
Gitaly server. If you are addressing the Gitaly server by a hostname, you can
either use the Common Name field for this, or add it as a Subject Alternative
Name. If you are addressing the Gitaly server by its IP address, you must add it
as a Subject Alternative Name to the certificate.
[gRPC does not support using an IP address as Common Name in a certificate](https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/2691).

NOTE: **Note:**
It is possible to configure Gitaly servers with both an
unencrypted listening address `listen_addr` and an encrypted listening
address `tls_listen_addr` at the same time. This allows you to do a
gradual transition from unencrypted to encrypted traffic, if necessary.

To configure Gitaly with TLS:

1. Create the `/etc/gitlab/ssl` directory and copy your key and certificate there:

   ```shell
   sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl
   sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl
   sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/
   sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem
   ```

1. Copy the cert to `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs` so Gitaly will trust the cert when
   calling into itself:

   ```shell
   sudo cp /etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/
   ```

1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add:

   <!--
   updates to following example must also be made at
   https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/advanced/external-gitaly/external-omnibus-gitaly.md#configure-omnibus-gitlab
   -->

   ```ruby
   gitaly['tls_listen_addr'] = "0.0.0.0:9999"
   gitaly['certificate_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem"
   gitaly['key_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem"
   ```

1. Delete `gitaly['listen_addr']` to allow only encrypted connections.
1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure).

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## Configure Sidekiq

Sidekiq requires connection to the Redis, PostgreSQL and Gitaly instance.
The following IPs will be used as an example:

- `10.6.0.71`: Sidekiq 1
- `10.6.0.72`: Sidekiq 2
- `10.6.0.73`: Sidekiq 3
- `10.6.0.74`: Sidekiq 4

To configure the Sidekiq nodes, one each one:

1. SSH into the Sidekiq server.
1. [Download/install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Omnibus GitLab package
you want using steps 1 and 2 from the GitLab downloads page.
**Do not complete any other steps on the download page.**
1. Open `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` with your editor:

   ```ruby
   ########################################
   #####        Services Disabled       ###
   ########################################

   nginx['enable'] = false
   grafana['enable'] = false
   prometheus['enable'] = false
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
   alertmanager['enable'] = false
   gitaly['enable'] = false
   gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false
   nginx['enable'] = false
   puma['enable'] = false
   postgres_exporter['enable'] = false
   postgresql['enable'] = false
   redis['enable'] = false
   redis_exporter['enable'] = false
   gitlab_exporter['enable'] = false

   ########################################
   ####              Redis              ###
   ########################################

   ## Must be the same in every sentinel node
   redis['master_name'] = 'gitlab-redis'

   ## The same password for Redis authentication you set up for the master node.
   redis['master_password'] = '<redis_primary_password>'

   ## A list of sentinels with `host` and `port`
   gitlab_rails['redis_sentinels'] = [
      {'host' => '10.6.0.11', 'port' => 26379},
      {'host' => '10.6.0.12', 'port' => 26379},
      {'host' => '10.6.0.13', 'port' => 26379},
   ]

   #######################################
   ###              Gitaly             ###
   #######################################

   git_data_dirs({
     'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' },
     'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' },
     'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly2.internal:8075' },
   })
   gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'YOUR_TOKEN'

   #######################################
   ###            Postgres             ###
   #######################################
   gitlab_rails['db_host'] = '10.6.0.20' # internal load balancer IP
   gitlab_rails['db_port'] = 6432
   gitlab_rails['db_password'] = '<postgresql_user_password>'
   gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = 'postgresql'
   gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = 'unicode'
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

   #######################################
   ###      Sidekiq configuration      ###
   #######################################
   sidekiq['listen_address'] = "0.0.0.0"

   #######################################
   ###     Monitoring configuration    ###
   #######################################
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13)
   }

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'

   # Rails Status for prometheus
   gitlab_rails['monitoring_whitelist'] = ['10.6.0.81/32', '127.0.0.0/8']
   gitlab_rails['prometheus_address'] = '10.6.0.81:9090'
   ```

1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure).
1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 30114) 77353s; run: log: (pid 29756) 77367s
   run: logrotate: (pid 9898) 3561s; run: log: (pid 29653) 77380s
   run: node-exporter: (pid 30134) 77353s; run: log: (pid 29706) 77372s
   run: sidekiq: (pid 30142) 77351s; run: log: (pid 29638) 77386s
   ```

TIP: **Tip:**
You can also run [multiple Sidekiq processes](../operations/extra_sidekiq_processes.md).

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## Configure GitLab Rails

NOTE: **Note:**
In our architectures we run each GitLab Rails node using the Puma webserver
and have its number of workers set to 90% of available CPUs along with four threads. For
nodes that are running Rails with other components the worker value should be reduced
accordingly where we've found 50% achieves a good balance but this is dependent
on workload.

This section describes how to configure the GitLab application (Rails) component.
On each node perform the following:

1. If you're [using NFS](#configure-nfs-optional):

   1. If necessary, install the NFS client utility packages using the following
      commands:

      ```shell
      # Ubuntu/Debian
      apt-get install nfs-common

      # CentOS/Red Hat
      yum install nfs-utils nfs-utils-lib
      ```

   1. Specify the necessary NFS mounts in `/etc/fstab`.
      The exact contents of `/etc/fstab` will depend on how you chose
      to configure your NFS server. See the [NFS documentation](../nfs.md)
      for examples and the various options.

   1. Create the shared directories. These may be different depending on your NFS
      mount locations.

      ```shell
      mkdir -p /var/opt/gitlab/.ssh /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/uploads /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/shared /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-ci/builds /var/opt/gitlab/git-data
      ```

1. Download/install Omnibus GitLab using **steps 1 and 2** from
   [GitLab downloads](https://about.gitlab.com/install/). Do not complete other
   steps on the download page.
1. Create/edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and use the following configuration.
   To maintain uniformity of links across nodes, the `external_url`
   on the application server should point to the external URL that users will use
   to access GitLab. This would be the URL of the [external load balancer](#configure-the-external-load-balancer)
   which will route traffic to the GitLab application server:

   ```ruby
   external_url 'https://gitlab.example.com'

   # Gitaly and GitLab use two shared secrets for authentication, one to authenticate gRPC requests
   # to Gitaly, and a second for authentication callbacks from GitLab-Shell to the GitLab internal API.
   # The following two values must be the same as their respective values
   # of the Gitaly setup
   gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'gitalysecret'
   gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'shellsecret'

   git_data_dirs({
     'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' },
     'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' },
     'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly2.internal:8075' },
   })

   ## Disable components that will not be on the GitLab application server
   roles ['application_role']
   gitaly['enable'] = false
   nginx['enable'] = true
   sidekiq['enable'] = false

   ## PostgreSQL connection details
   # Disable PostgreSQL on the application node
   postgresql['enable'] = false
   gitlab_rails['db_host'] = '10.6.0.20' # internal load balancer IP
   gitlab_rails['db_port'] = 6432
   gitlab_rails['db_password'] = '<postgresql_user_password>'
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false

   ## Redis connection details
   ## Must be the same in every sentinel node
   redis['master_name'] = 'gitlab-redis'

   ## The same password for Redis authentication you set up for the Redis primary node.
   redis['master_password'] = '<redis_primary_password>'

   ## A list of sentinels with `host` and `port`
   gitlab_rails['redis_sentinels'] = [
     {'host' => '10.6.0.11', 'port' => 26379},
     {'host' => '10.6.0.12', 'port' => 26379},
     {'host' => '10.6.0.13', 'port' => 26379}
   ]

   ## Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true

   # Set the network addresses that the exporters used for monitoring will listen on
   node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100'
   gitlab_workhorse['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9229'
   sidekiq['listen_address'] = "0.0.0.0"
   puma['listen'] = '0.0.0.0'

   ## The IPs of the Consul server nodes
   ## You can also use FQDNs and intermix them with IPs
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13),
   }

   # Add the monitoring node's IP address to the monitoring whitelist and allow it to
   # scrape the NGINX metrics
   gitlab_rails['monitoring_whitelist'] = ['10.6.0.81/32', '127.0.0.0/8']
   nginx['status']['options']['allow'] = ['10.6.0.81/32', '127.0.0.0/8']
   gitlab_rails['prometheus_address'] = '10.6.0.81:9090'

   ## Uncomment and edit the following options if you have set up NFS
   ##
   ## Prevent GitLab from starting if NFS data mounts are not available
   ##
   #high_availability['mountpoint'] = '/var/opt/gitlab/git-data'
   ##
   ## Ensure UIDs and GIDs match between servers for permissions via NFS
   ##
   #user['uid'] = 9000
   #user['gid'] = 9000
   #web_server['uid'] = 9001
   #web_server['gid'] = 9001
   #registry['uid'] = 9002
   #registry['gid'] = 9002
   ```

1. If you're using [Gitaly with TLS support](#gitaly-tls-support), make sure the
   `git_data_dirs` entry is configured with `tls` instead of `tcp`:

   ```ruby
   git_data_dirs({
     'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly1.internal:9999' },
     'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly1.internal:9999' },
     'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly2.internal:9999' },
   })
   ```

   1. Copy the cert into `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs`:

      ```shell
      sudo cp cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/
      ```

1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure).
1. Run `sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:gitaly:check` to confirm the node can connect to Gitaly.
1. Tail the logs to see the requests:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl tail gitaly
   ```

1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 4890) 8647s; run: log: (pid 29962) 79128s
   run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 4902) 8647s; run: log: (pid 29913) 79134s
   run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 4904) 8646s; run: log: (pid 29713) 79155s
   run: logrotate: (pid 12425) 1446s; run: log: (pid 29798) 79146s
   run: nginx: (pid 4925) 8646s; run: log: (pid 29726) 79152s
   run: node-exporter: (pid 4931) 8645s; run: log: (pid 29855) 79140s
   run: puma: (pid 4936) 8645s; run: log: (pid 29656) 79161s
   ```

NOTE: **Note:**
When you specify `https` in the `external_url`, as in the example
above, GitLab assumes you have SSL certificates in `/etc/gitlab/ssl/`. If
certificates are not present, NGINX will fail to start. See the
[NGINX documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/nginx.html#enable-https)
for more information.

### GitLab Rails post-configuration

1. Ensure that all migrations ran:

   ```shell
   gitlab-rake gitlab:db:configure
   ```

    NOTE: **Note:**
    If you encounter a `rake aborted!` error stating that PgBouncer is failing to connect to
    PostgreSQL it may be that your PgBouncer node's IP address is missing from
    PostgreSQL's `trust_auth_cidr_addresses` in `gitlab.rb` on your database nodes. See
    [PgBouncer error `ERROR:  pgbouncer cannot connect to server`](troubleshooting.md#pgbouncer-error-error-pgbouncer-cannot-connect-to-server)
    in the Troubleshooting section before proceeding.

1. [Configure fast lookup of authorized SSH keys in the database](../operations/fast_ssh_key_lookup.md).

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## Configure Prometheus

The Omnibus GitLab package can be used to configure a standalone Monitoring node
running [Prometheus](../monitoring/prometheus/index.md) and
[Grafana](../monitoring/performance/grafana_configuration.md):

1. SSH into the Monitoring node.
1. [Download/install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Omnibus GitLab
   package you want using **steps 1 and 2** from the GitLab downloads page.
   Do not complete any other steps on the download page.
1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents:

   ```ruby
   external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com'

   # Disable all other services
   gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
   alertmanager['enable'] = false
   gitaly['enable'] = false
   gitlab_exporter['enable'] = false
   gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false
   nginx['enable'] = true
   postgres_exporter['enable'] = false
   postgresql['enable'] = false
   redis['enable'] = false
   redis_exporter['enable'] = false
   sidekiq['enable'] = false
   puma['enable'] = false
   unicorn['enable'] = false
   node_exporter['enable'] = false
   gitlab_exporter['enable'] = false

   # Enable Prometheus
   prometheus['enable'] = true
   prometheus['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9090'
   prometheus['monitor_kubernetes'] = false

   # Enable Login form
   grafana['disable_login_form'] = false

   # Enable Grafana
   grafana['enable'] = true
   grafana['admin_password'] = '<grafana_password>'

   # Enable service discovery for Prometheus
   consul['enable'] = true
   consul['monitoring_service_discovery'] =  true
   consul['configuration'] = {
      retry_join: %w(10.6.0.11 10.6.0.12 10.6.0.13)
   }
   ```

1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure).
1. In the GitLab UI, set `admin/application_settings/metrics_and_profiling` > Metrics - Grafana to `/-/grafana` to
   `http[s]://<MONITOR NODE>/-/grafana`.
1. Verify the GitLab services are running:

   ```shell
   sudo gitlab-ctl status
   ```

   The output should be similar to the following:

   ```plaintext
   run: consul: (pid 31637) 17337s; run: log: (pid 29748) 78432s
   run: grafana: (pid 31644) 17337s; run: log: (pid 29719) 78438s
   run: logrotate: (pid 31809) 2936s; run: log: (pid 29581) 78462s
   run: nginx: (pid 31665) 17335s; run: log: (pid 29556) 78468s
   run: prometheus: (pid 31672) 17335s; run: log: (pid 29633) 78456s
   ```

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## Configure the object storage

GitLab supports using an object storage service for holding numerous types of data.
It's recommended over [NFS](#configure-nfs-optional) and in general it's better
in larger setups as object storage is typically much more performant, reliable,
and scalable.

Object storage options that GitLab has tested, or is aware of customers using include:

- SaaS/Cloud solutions such as [Amazon S3](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/), [Google cloud storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage).
- On-premises hardware and appliances from various storage vendors.
- MinIO. There is [a guide to deploying this](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/advanced/external-object-storage/minio.html) within our Helm Chart documentation.

For configuring GitLab to use Object Storage refer to the following guides
based on what features you intend to use:

1. Configure [object storage for backups](../../raketasks/backup_restore.md#uploading-backups-to-a-remote-cloud-storage).
1. Configure [object storage for job artifacts](../job_artifacts.md#using-object-storage)
   including [incremental logging](../job_logs.md#new-incremental-logging-architecture).
1. Configure [object storage for LFS objects](../lfs/index.md#storing-lfs-objects-in-remote-object-storage).
1. Configure [object storage for uploads](../uploads.md#using-object-storage-core-only).
1. Configure [object storage for merge request diffs](../merge_request_diffs.md#using-object-storage).
1. Configure [object storage for Container Registry](../packages/container_registry.md#use-object-storage) (optional feature).
1. Configure [object storage for Mattermost](https://docs.mattermost.com/administration/config-settings.html#file-storage) (optional feature).
1. Configure [object storage for packages](../packages/index.md#using-object-storage) (optional feature). **(PREMIUM ONLY)**
1. Configure [object storage for Dependency Proxy](../packages/dependency_proxy.md#using-object-storage) (optional feature). **(PREMIUM ONLY)**
1. Configure [object storage for Pseudonymizer](../pseudonymizer.md#configuration) (optional feature). **(ULTIMATE ONLY)**
1. Configure [object storage for autoscale runner caching](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/autoscale.html#distributed-runners-caching) (optional - for improved performance).
1. Configure [object storage for Terraform state files](../terraform_state.md#using-object-storage-core-only).

Using separate buckets for each data type is the recommended approach for GitLab.

A limitation of our configuration is that each use of object storage is separately configured.
[We have an issue for improving this](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/23345)
and easily using one bucket with separate folders is one improvement that this might bring.

There is at least one specific issue with using the same bucket:
when GitLab is deployed with the Helm chart restore from backup
[will not properly function](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/advanced/external-object-storage/#lfs-artifacts-uploads-packages-external-diffs-pseudonymizer)
unless separate buckets are used.

One risk of using a single bucket would be if your organization decided to
migrate GitLab to the Helm deployment in the future. GitLab would run, but the situation with
backups might not be realized until the organization had a critical requirement for the backups to
work.

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## Configure NFS (optional)

[Object storage](#configure-the-object-storage), along with [Gitaly](#configure-gitaly)
are recommended over NFS wherever possible for improved performance. If you intend
to use GitLab Pages, this currently [requires NFS](troubleshooting.md#gitlab-pages-requires-nfs).

See how to [configure NFS](../nfs.md).

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## Troubleshooting

See the [troubleshooting documentation](troubleshooting.md).

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