Code clean-up.

* rs/update-hook-optim:
  receive-pack: simplify run_update_post_hook()

Code clean-up.

* rs/shortlog-cleanup:
  shortlog: don't set after_subject to an empty string

Code clean-up.

* rs/path-name-safety-cleanup:
  revision: remove declaration of path_name()

Code clean-up.

* rs/http-push-cleanup:
  http-push: don't check return value of lookup_unknown_object()

Code clean-up.

* sb/wt-status-cleanup:
  wt-status: simplify by using for_each_string_list_item

Code clean-up.

* jk/pack-name-cleanups:
  index-pack: make pointer-alias fallbacks safer
  replace snprintf with odb_pack_name()
  odb_pack_keep(): stop generating keepfile name
  sha1_file.c: make pack-name helper globally accessible
  move odb_* declarations out of git-compat-util.h

Code clean-up.

* jk/rev-parse-cleanup:
  rev-parse: simplify parsing of ref options
  rev-parse: add helper for parsing "--foo/--foo="
  rev-parse: use skip_prefix when parsing options

Code clean-up.

* rs/blame-code-cleanup:
  blame: move blame_entry duplication to add_blame_entry()

A few unterminated here documents in tests were fixed, which in
turn revealed incorrect expectations the tests make. These tests
have been updated.

* st/verify-tag:
  t7004, t7030: fix here-doc syntax errors

Fix for potential segv introduced in v2.11.0 and later (also
v2.10.2).

* js/regexec-buf:
  pickaxe: fix segfault with '-S<...> --pickaxe-regex'

Fix for NO_PTHREADS build.

* jk/execv-dashed-external:
  run-command: fix segfault when cleaning forked async process

Recent versions of Git treats http alternates (used in dumb http
transport) just like HTTP redirects and requires the client to
enable following it, due to security concerns.  But we forgot to
give a warning when we decide not to honor the alternates.

* ew/http-alternates-as-redirects-warning:
  http: release strbuf on disabled alternates
  http: inform about alternates-as-redirects behavior

"git filter-branch --prune-empty" drops a single-parent commit that
becomes a no-op, but did not drop a root commit whose tree is empty.

* dp/filter-branch-prune-empty:
  p7000: add test for filter-branch with --prune-empty
  filter-branch: fix --prune-empty on parentless commits
  t7003: ensure --prune-empty removes entire branch when applicable
  t7003: ensure --prune-empty can prune root commit

"git fetch" that requests a commit by object name, when the other
side does not allow such an request, failed without much
explanation.

* mm/fetch-show-error-message-on-unadvertised-object:
  fetch-pack: add specific error for fetching an unadvertised object
  fetch_refs_via_pack: call report_unmatched_refs
  fetch-pack: move code to report unmatched refs to a function

"git branch @" created refs/heads/@ as a branch, and in general the
code that handled @{-1} and @{upstream} was a bit too loose in
disambiguating.

* jk/interpret-branch-name:
  checkout: restrict @-expansions when finding branch
  strbuf_check_ref_format(): expand only local branches
  branch: restrict @-expansions when deleting
  t3204: test git-branch @-expansion corner cases
  interpret_branch_name: allow callers to restrict expansions
  strbuf_branchname: add docstring
  strbuf_branchname: drop return value
  interpret_branch_name: move docstring to header file
  interpret_branch_name(): handle auto-namelen for @{-1}

A few tests were run conditionally under (rare) conditions where
they cannot be run (like running cvs tests under 'root' account).

* ab/cond-skip-tests:
  gitweb tests: skip tests when we don't have Time::HiRes
  gitweb tests: change confusing "skip_all" phrasing
  cvs tests: skip tests that call "cvs commit" when running as root

user.email that consists of only cruft chars should consistently
error out, but didn't.

* jk/ident-empty:
  ident: do not ignore empty config name/email
  ident: reject all-crud ident name
  ident: handle NULL email when complaining of empty name
  ident: mark error messages for translation

"git repack --depth=<n>" for a long time busted the specified depth
when reusing delta from existing packs.  This has been corrected.

* jk/delta-chain-limit:
  pack-objects: convert recursion to iteration in break_delta_chain()
  pack-objects: enforce --depth limit in reused deltas

Teach the "debug" helper used in the test framework that allows a
command to run under "gdb" to make the session interactive.

* sg/test-with-stdin:
  tests: make the 'test_pause' helper work in non-verbose mode
  tests: create an interactive gdb session with the 'debug' helper

Picking two versions of Git and running tests to make sure the
older one and the newer one interoperate happily has now become
possible.

* jk/interop-test:
  t/interop: add test of old clients against modern git-daemon
  t: add an interoperability test harness

The t/perf performance test suite was not prepared to test not so
old versions of Git, but now it covers versions of Git that are not
so ancient.

* jt/perf-updates:
  t/perf: add fallback for pre-bin-wrappers versions of git
  t/perf: use $MODERN_GIT for all repo-copying steps
  t/perf: export variable used in other blocks

An helper function to make it easier to append the result from
real_path() to a strbuf has been added.

* rs/strbuf-add-real-path:
  strbuf: add strbuf_add_real_path()
  cocci: use ALLOC_ARRAY

The "parse_config_key()" API function has been cleaned up.

* jk/parse-config-key-cleanup:
  parse_hide_refs_config: tell parse_config_key we don't want a subsection
  parse_config_key: allow matching single-level config
  parse_config_key: use skip_prefix instead of starts_with
  refs: parse_hide_refs_config to use parse_config_key

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Doc fix.

* ab/doc-no-option-notation-fix:
  doc: change erroneous --[no]-whatever into --[no-]whatever

Doc fix.

* ab/push-default-doc-fix:
  push: mention "push.default=tracking" in the documentation

Doc fix.

* nd/commit-hook-doc-fix:
  git-commit.txt: list post-rewrite in HOOKS section

The code to parse "git -c VAR=VAL cmd" and set configuration
variable for the duration of cmd had two small bugs, which have
been fixed.
This supersedes jc/config-case-cmdline topic that has been discarded.

* jc/config-case-cmdline-take-2:
  config: use git_config_parse_key() in git_config_parse_parameter()
  config: move a few helper functions up

The code to parse the command line "git grep <patterns>... <rev>
[[--] <pathspec>...]" has been cleaned up, and a handful of bugs
have been fixed (e.g. we used to check "--" if it is a rev).

* jk/grep-no-index-fix:
  grep: treat revs the same for --untracked as for --no-index
  grep: do not diagnose misspelt revs with --no-index
  grep: avoid resolving revision names in --no-index case
  grep: fix "--" rev/pathspec disambiguation
  grep: re-order rev-parsing loop
  grep: do not unnecessarily query repo for "--"
  grep: move thread initialization a little lower

"git ls-remote" and "git archive --remote" are designed to work
without being in a directory under Git's control.  However, recent
updates revealed that we randomly look into a directory called
.git/ without actually doing necessary set-up when working in a
repository.  Stop doing so.

* jn/remote-helpers-with-git-dir:
  remote helpers: avoid blind fall-back to ".git" when setting GIT_DIR
  remote: avoid reading $GIT_DIR config in non-repo

Code to read submodule.<name>.ignore config did not state the
variable name correctly when giving an error message diagnosing
misconfiguration.

* sb/submodule-config-parse-ignore-fix:
  submodule-config: correct error reporting for invalid ignore value

"git push" had a handful of codepaths that could lead to a deadlock
when unexpected error happened, which has been fixed.

* jk/push-deadlock-regression-fix:
  send-pack: report signal death of pack-objects
  send-pack: read "unpack" status even on pack-objects failure
  send-pack: improve unpack-status error messages
  send-pack: use skip_prefix for parsing unpack status
  send-pack: extract parsing of "unpack" response
  receive-pack: fix deadlock when we cannot create tmpdir

Map both old addresses to the new, hopefully more permanent one.
Signed-off-by: NMichael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net>
Signed-off-by: NMichael J Gruber <git@grubix.eu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Jan Palus noticed that some here-doc are spelled incorrectly,
resulting the entire remainder of the test snippet being slurped
into the "expect" file as if it were data, e.g. in this sequence

	cat >expect <<EOF &&
	... expectation ...
	EOF
	git $cmd_being_tested >actual &&
	test_cmp expect actual

the last command of the test is "cat" that sends everything to
'expect' and succeeds.

Fixing these issues in t7004 and t7030 reveals that "git tag -v"
and "git verify-tag" with their --format option do not work as the
test was expecting originally.  Instead of showing both valid tags
and tags with incorrect signatures on their output, tags that do not
pass verification are omitted from the output.  Another breakage that
is uncovered is that these tests must be restricted to environment
where gpg is available.

Arguably, that is a safer behaviour, and because the format
specifiers like %(tag) do not have a way to show if the signature
verifies correctly, the command with the --format option cannot be
used to get a list of tags annotated with their signature validity
anyway.

For now, let's fix the here-doc syntax, update the expectation to
match the reality, and update the test prerequisite.

Maybe later when we extend the --format language available to "git
tag -v" and "git verify-tag" to include things like "%(gpg:status)",
we may want to change the behaviour so that piping a list of tag
names into

    xargs git verify-tag --format='%(gpg:status) %(tag)'

becomes a good way to produce such a list, but that is a separate
topic.
Noticed-by: NJan Palus <jan.palus@gmail.com>
Helped-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NSantiago Torres <santiago@nyu.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"Cc:" on the trailer part does not have to conform to RFC strictly,
unlike in the e-mail header.  "git send-email" has been updated to
ignore anything after '>' when picking addresses, to allow non-address
cruft like " # stable 4.4" after the address.

* jh/send-email-one-cc:
  send-email: only allow one address per body tag

A test that creates a confusing branch whose name is HEAD has been
corrected not to do so.

* jk/t6300-cleanup:
  t6300: avoid creating refs/heads/HEAD

The code that parses header fields in the commit object has been
updated for (micro)performance and code hygiene.

* rs/commit-parsing-optim:
  commit: don't check for space twice when looking for header
  commit: be more precise when searching for headers

"git show-branch" expected there were only very short branch names
in the repository and used a fixed-length buffer to hold them
without checking for overflow.

* jk/show-branch-lift-name-len-limit:
  show-branch: use skip_prefix to drop magic numbers
  show-branch: store resolved head in heap buffer
  show-branch: drop head_len variable

A caller of tempfile API that uses stdio interface to write to
files may ignore errors while writing, which is detected when
tempfile is closed (with a call to ferror()).  By that time, the
original errno that may have told us what went wrong is likely to
be long gone and was overwritten by an irrelevant value.
close_tempfile() now resets errno to EIO to make errno at least
predictable.

* jk/tempfile-ferror-fclose-confusion:
  tempfile: set errno to a known value before calling ferror()