We have two ways of dealing with empty pathspec:

1. limit it to current prefix
2. match the entire working directory

Some commands go with #1, some #2. get_pathspec() and parse_pathspec()
only support #1. Make parse_pathspec() reject empty pathspec by
default. #1 and #2 can be specified via new flags. This makes it more
expressive about default behavior at command level.
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

We usually use pathspec_item's match field for pathspec error
reporting. However "match" (or "raw") does not show the magic part,
which will play more important role later on. Preserve exact user
input for reporting.
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Currently to fill a struct pathspec, we do:

   const char **paths;
   paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
   ...
   init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);

"paths" can only carry bare strings, which loses information from
command line arguments such as pathspec magic or the prefix part's
length for each argument.

parse_pathspec() is introduced to combine the two calls into one. The
plan is gradually replace all get_pathspec() and init_pathspec() with
parse_pathspec(). get_pathspec() now becomes a thin wrapper of
parse_pathspec().

parse_pathspec() allows the caller to reject the pathspec magics that
it does not support. When a new pathspec magic is introduced, we can
enable it per command after making sure that all underlying code has no
problem with the new magic.

"flags" parameter is currently unused. But it would allow callers to
pass certain instructions to parse_pathspec, for example forcing
literal pathspec when no magic is used.

With the introduction of parse_pathspec, there are now two functions
that can initialize struct pathspec: init_pathspec and
parse_pathspec. Any semantic changes in struct pathspec must be
reflected in both functions. init_pathspec() will be phased out in
favor of parse_pathspec().
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Because free_pathspec wants to free "items" pointer in the pathspec
structure, a simple structure assignment is not enough if you want to
copy an existing pathspec into another.  Freeing the original will
damage the copy unless a deep copy is made.

Note that the strings in pathspec->items->match and the array
pathspec->raw[] are still shared between the original and the copy.
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* jc/remote-http-argv-array:
  remote-http: use argv-array

* rs/pickaxe-simplify:
  diffcore-pickaxe: simplify has_changes and contains

* tr/test-lint-no-export-assignment-in-shell:
  test-lint: detect 'export FOO=bar'
  t9902: fix 'test A == B' to use = operator

* rr/name-rev-stdin-doc:
  name-rev doc: rewrite --stdin paragraph

* ft/diff-rename-default-score-is-half:
  diff-options: document default similarity index

* ml/cygwin-does-not-have-fifo:
  test-lib.sh - cygwin does not have usable FIFOs

An Gitweb installation that is a part of larger site can optionally
show extra links that point at the levels higher than the Gitweb
pages itself in the link hierarchy of pages.

* tf/gitweb-extra-breadcrumbs:
  gitweb: allow extra breadcrumbs to prefix the trail

* ms/remote-tracking-branches-in-doc:
  Change "remote tracking" to "remote-tracking"

* jk/pull-to-integrate:
  pull: change the description to "integrate" changes
  push: avoid suggesting "merging" remote changes

* jk/maint-config-multi-order:
  git-config(1): clarify precedence of multiple values

"log --format=" did not honor i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
and this attempts to fix it.

* as/log-output-encoding-in-user-format:
  t4205 (log-pretty-formats): avoid using `sed`
  t6006 (rev-list-format): add tests for "%b" and "%s" for the case i18n.commitEncoding is not set
  t4205, t6006, t7102: make functions better readable
  t4205 (log-pretty-formats): revert back single quotes
  t4041, t4205, t6006, t7102: use iso8859-1 rather than iso-8859-1
  t4205: replace .\+ with ..* in sed commands
  pretty: --format output should honor logOutputEncoding
  pretty: Add failing tests: --format output should honor logOutputEncoding
  t4205 (log-pretty-formats): don't hardcode SHA-1 in expected outputs
  t7102 (reset): don't hardcode SHA-1 in expected outputs
  t6006 (rev-list-format): don't hardcode SHA-1 in expected outputs

The document says one cannot push from a shallow clone. But that is
not true (maybe it was at some point in the past). The client does not
stop such a push nor does it give any indication to the receiver that
this is a shallow push. If the receiver accepts it, it's in.

Since 52fed6e1 (receive-pack: check connectivity before concluding "git
push" - 2011-09-02), receive-pack is prepared to deal with broken
push, a shallow push can't cause any corruption. Update the document
to reflect that.
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
to be corrected.

* jc/t1512-fix:
  get_short_sha1(): correctly disambiguate type-limited abbreviation
  t1512: correct leftover constants from earlier edition

Finishing touches to a topic that is already in master for the
upcoming release.

* tr/test-v-and-v-subtest-only:
  t0000: do not use export X=Y

"git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.

* af/rebase-i-merge-options:
  Do not ignore merge options in interactive rebase

"git stash save" is not just about "saving" the local changes, but
also is to restore the working tree state to that of HEAD. If you
changed a non-directory into a directory in the local change, you
may have untracked files in that directory, which have to be killed
while doing so, unless you run it with --include-untracked.  Teach
the command to detect and error out before spreading the damage.

This needed a small fix to "ls-files --killed".

* pb/stash-refuse-to-kill:
  git stash: avoid data loss when "git stash save" kills a directory
  treat_directory(): do not declare submodules to be untracked

"git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
working tree files.

* jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf:
  diff: demote core.safecrlf=true to core.safecrlf=warn

"git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).

* jg/status-config:
  status/commit: make sure --porcelain is not affected by user-facing config
  commit: make it work with status.short
  status: introduce status.branch to enable --branch by default
  status: introduce status.short to enable --short by default

* jk/bash-completion:
  completion: learn about --man-path
  completion: handle unstuck form of base git options

Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
the user to an unexpected place.

* rr/rebase-checkout-reflog:
  checkout: respect GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
  status: do not depend on rebase reflog messages
  t/t2021-checkout-last: "checkout -" should work after a rebase finishes
  wt-status: remove unused field in grab_1st_switch_cbdata
  t7512: test "detached from" as well

Earlier remote.pushdefault (and per-branch branch.*.pushremote)
were introduced as an additional mechanism to choose what
repository to push into when "git push" did not say it from the
command line, to help people who push to a repository that is
different from where they fetch from.  This attempts to finish that
topic by teaching the default mechanism to choose branch in the
remote repository to be updated by such a push.

The 'current', 'matching' and 'nothing' modes (specified by the
push.default configuration variable) extend to such a "triangular"
workflow naturally, but 'upstream' and 'simple' have to be updated.

. 'upstream' is about pushing back to update the branch in the
  remote repository that the current branch fetches from and
  integrates with, it errors out in a triangular workflow.

. 'simple' is meant to help new people by avoiding mistakes, and
  will be the safe default in Git 2.0.

  In a non-triangular workflow, it will continue to act as a cross
  between 'upstream' and 'current' in that it pushes to the current
  branch's @{upstream} only when it is set to the same name as the
  current branch (e.g. your 'master' forks from the 'master' from
  the central repository).

  In a triangular workflow, this series tentatively defines it as
  the same as 'current', but we may have to tighten it to avoid
  surprises in some way.

* jc/triangle-push-fixup:
  t/t5528-push-default: test pushdefault workflows
  t/t5528-push-default: generalize test_push_*
  push: change `simple` to accommodate triangular workflows
  config doc: rewrite push.default section
  t/t5528-push-default: remove redundant test_config lines

* mh/maint-lockfile-overflow:
  lockfile: fix buffer overflow in path handling

Instead of using a hand-managed argument array, use argv-array API
to manage dynamically formulated command line.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Since git-pull learned the --rebase option it has not just been about
merging changes from a remote repository (where "merge" is in the sense
of "git merge").  Change the description to use "integrate" instead of
"merge" in order to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: NJohn Keeping <john@keeping.me.uk>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Some shells do not understand the one-line construct, and instead need

  FOO=bar &&
  export FOO

Detect this in the test-lint target.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The == operator as an alias to = is not POSIX.  This doesn't actually
matter for the execution of the script, because it only runs when the
shell is bash.  However, it trips up test-lint, so it's nicer to use
the standard form.
Signed-off-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The shell syntax "export X=Y A=B" is not understood by all shells.
Signed-off-by: NTorsten Bögershausen <tboegi@web.de>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

With some workflows, it is more suitable to rebase on top of remote
changes when a push does not fast-forward.  Change the advice messages
in git-push to suggest that a user "integrate the remote changes"
instead of "merge the remote changes" to make this slightly clearer.

Also change the suggested 'git pull' to 'git pull ...' to hint to users
that they may want to add other parameters.
Suggested-by: NPhilip Oakley <philipoakley@iee.org>
Signed-off-by: NJohn Keeping <john@keeping.me.uk>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

In order to clarify which value is used when there are multiple values
defined for a key, re-order the list of file locations so that it runs
from least specific to most specific.  Then add a paragraph which simply
says that the last value will be used.
Signed-off-by: NJohn Keeping <john@keeping.me.uk>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NRamkumar Ramachandra <artagnon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The path of the file to be locked is held in lock_file::filename,
which is a fixed-length buffer of length PATH_MAX.  This buffer is
also (temporarily) used to hold the path of the lock file, which is
the path of the file being locked plus ".lock".  Because of this, the
path of the file being locked must be less than (PATH_MAX - 5)
characters long (5 chars are needed for ".lock" and one character for
the NUL terminator).

On entry into lock_file(), the path length was only verified to be
less than PATH_MAX characters, not less than (PATH_MAX - 5)
characters.

When and if resolve_symlink() is called, then that function is
correctly told to treat the buffer as (PATH_MAX - 5) characters long.
This part is correct.  However:

* If LOCK_NODEREF was specified, then resolve_symlink() is never
  called.

* If resolve_symlink() is called but the path is not a symlink, then
  the length check is never applied.

So it is possible for a path with length (PATH_MAX - 5 <= len <
PATH_MAX) to make it through the checks.  When ".lock" is strcat()ted
to such a path, the lock_file::filename buffer is overflowed.

Fix the problem by adding a check when entering lock_file() that the
original path is less than (PATH_MAX - 5) characters.

[jc: with independent development by Peff]
Signed-off-by: NMichael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>