Update the documentation about text=auto:
text=auto now follows the core.autocrlf handling when files are not
normalized in the repository.

For a cross platform project recommend the usage of attributes for
line-ending conversions.
Signed-off-by: NTorsten Bögershausen <tboegi@web.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The recent i18n patch we added during this cycle did a bit too much
refactoring of the messages to avoid word-legos; the repetition has
been reduced to help translators.

* ja/i18n:
  i18n: simplify numeric error reporting
  i18n: fix git rebase interactive commit messages
  i18n: fix typos for translation

The tempfile (hence its user lockfile) API lets the caller to open
a file descriptor to a temporary file, write into it and then
finalize it by first closing the filehandle and then either
removing or renaming the temporary file.  When the process spawns a
subprocess after obtaining the file descriptor, and if the
subprocess has not exited when the attempt to remove or rename is
made, the last step fails on Windows, because the subprocess has
the file descriptor still open.  Open tempfile with O_CLOEXEC flag
to avoid this (on Windows, this is mapped to O_NOINHERIT).

* bw/mingw-avoid-inheriting-fd-to-lockfile:
  mingw: ensure temporary file handles are not inherited by child processes
  t6026-merge-attr: child processes must not inherit index.lock handles

The "git -c var[=val] cmd" facility to append a configuration
variable definition at the end of the search order was described in
git(1) manual page, but not in git-config(1), which was more likely
place for people to look for when they ask "can I make a one-shot
override, and if so how?"

* dg/document-git-c-in-git-config-doc:
  doc: mention `git -c` in git-config(1)

On Windows, help.browser configuration variable used to be ignored,
which has been corrected.

* js/no-html-bypass-on-windows:
  Revert "display HTML in default browser using Windows' shell API"

A small doc update.

* hv/doc-commit-reference-style:
  SubmittingPatches: document how to reference previous commits

The man page for `git ls-files --eol` mentions the combination
of text attributes "text=auto eol=lf" or "text=auto eol=crlf" as not
supported yet, but may be in the future.

Now they are supported.
Signed-off-by: NTorsten Bögershausen <tboegi@web.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJean-Noel Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

For proper i18n, the logic cannot embed english specific processing.
Signed-off-by: NJean-Noel Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJean-Noel Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NDavid Glasser <glasser@davidglasser.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

When the index is locked and child processes inherit the handle to
said lock and the parent process wants to remove the lock before the
child process exits, on Windows there is a problem: it won't work
because files cannot be deleted if a process holds a handle on them.
The symptom:

    Rename from 'xxx/.git/index.lock' to 'xxx/.git/index' failed.
    Should I try again? (y/n)

Spawning child processes with bInheritHandles==FALSE would not work
because no file handles would be inherited, not even the hStdXxx
handles in STARTUPINFO (stdin/stdout/stderr).

Opening every file with O_NOINHERIT does not work, either, as e.g.
git-upload-pack expects inherited file handles.

This leaves us with the only way out: creating temp files with the
O_NOINHERIT flag. This flag is Windows-specific, however. For our
purposes, it is equivalent to O_CLOEXEC (which does not exist on
Windows), so let's just open temporary files with the O_CLOEXEC flag and
map that flag to O_NOINHERIT on Windows.

As Eric Wong pointed out, we need to be careful to handle the case where
the Linux headers used to compile Git support O_CLOEXEC but the Linux
kernel used to run Git does not: it returns an EINVAL.

This fixes the test that we just introduced to demonstrate the problem.
Signed-off-by: NBen Wijen <ben@wijen.net>
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"git log --show-signature" and other commands that display the
verification status of PGP signature now shows the longer key-id,
as 32-bit key-id is so last century.

* lt/gpg-show-long-key-in-signature-verification:
  gpg-interface: prefer "long" key format output when verifying pgp signatures

"git rev-parse --git-path hooks/<hook>" learned to take
core.hooksPath configuration variable (introduced during 2.9 cycle)
into account.

* ab/hooks:
  rev-parse: respect core.hooksPath in --git-path

"git difftool" by default ignores the error exit from the backend
commands it spawns, because often they signal that they found
differences by exiting with a non-zero status code just like "diff"
does; the exit status codes 126 and above however are special in
that they are used to signal that the command is not executable,
does not exist, or killed by a signal.  "git difftool" has been
taught to notice these exit status codes.

* jk/difftool-command-not-found:
  difftool: always honor fatal error exit codes

"git checkout --detach <branch>" used to give the same advice
message as that is issued when "git checkout <tag>" (or anything
that is not a branch name) is given, but asking with "--detach" is
an explicit enough sign that the user knows what is going on.  The
advice message has been squelched in this case.

* sb/checkout-explit-detach-no-advice:
  checkout: do not mention detach advice for explicit --detach option

The t0027 test for CRLF conversion was timing dependent and flaky.

* tb/t0027-raciness-fix:
  convert: Correct NNO tests and missing `LF will be replaced by CRLF`

When "git merge-recursive" works on history with many criss-cross
merges in "verbose" mode, the names the command assigns to the
virtual merge bases could have overwritten each other by unintended
reuse of the same piece of memory.

* rs/pull-signed-tag:
  commit: use FLEX_ARRAY in struct merge_remote_desc
  merge-recursive: fix verbose output for multiple base trees
  commit: factor out set_merge_remote_desc()
  commit: use xstrdup() in get_merge_parent()

Since 4804aabc (help (Windows): Display HTML in default browser using
Windows' shell API, 2008-07-13), Git for Windows used to call
`ShellExecute()` to launch the default Windows handler for `.html`
files.

The idea was to avoid going through a shell script, for performance
reasons.

However, this change ignores the `help.browser` config setting. Together
with browsing help not being a performance-critical operation, let's
just revert that patch.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

On Windows, a file cannot be removed unless all file handles to it have
been released. Hence it is particularly important to close handles when
spawning children (which would probably not even know that they hold on
to those handles).

The example chosen for this test is a custom merge driver that indeed
has no idea that it blocks the deletion of index.lock. The full use case
is a daemon that lives on after the merge, with subsequent invocations
handing off to the daemon, thereby avoiding hefty start-up costs. We
simulate this behavior by simply sleeping one second.

Note that the test only fails on Windows, due to the file locking issue.
Since we have no way to say "expect failure with MINGW, success
otherwise", we simply skip this test on Windows for now.
Signed-off-by: NBen Wijen <ben@wijen.net>
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The "t/" hierarchy is prone to get an unusual pathname; "make test"
has been taught to make sure they do not contain paths that cannot
be checked out on Windows (and the mechanism can be reusable to
catch pathnames that are not portable to other platforms as need
arises).

* js/test-lint-pathname:
  t/Makefile: ensure that paths are valid on platforms we care

A small test clean-up for a topic introduced in v2.9.1 and later.

* sg/reflog-past-root:
  t1410: remove superfluous 'git reflog' from the 'walk past root' test

Small code clean-up.

* rs/mailinfo-lib:
  mailinfo: recycle strbuf in check_header()

Small code and comment clean-up.

* jk/tighten-alloc:
  receive-pack: use FLEX_ALLOC_MEM in queue_command()
  correct FLEXPTR_* example in comment

A handful of tests that were broken under gettext-poison build have
been fixed.

* va/i18n:
  t7411: become resilient to GETTEXT_POISON
  t5520: become resilient to GETTEXT_POISON
  t3404: become resilient to GETTEXT_POISON

Changes are described in CHANGES.
Contributions-by: NMatthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Contributions-by: NIrfan Adilovic <irfanadilovic@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NMatthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

To reference previous commits people used to put just the
abbreviated SHA-1 into commit messages.  This is what has evolved as
a more stable format for referencing commits.  So lets document it
for everyone to look-up when needed.
Signed-off-by: NHeiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Merge branch 'lt/gpg-show-long-key-in-signature-verification-maint' into lt/gpg-show-long-key-in-signature-verification

Linus's original was rebased to apply to the maintenance track just
in case binary distributors that are stuck in the past want to take
it to their older codebase.  Let's merge it up to more modern
codebase that has Peff's gpg-interface clean-up topic that appeared
after Git 2.9 was tagged.

* lt/gpg-show-long-key-in-signature-verification-maint:
  gpg-interface: prefer "long" key format output when verifying pgp signatures

Yes, gpg2 already uses the long format by default, but most
distributions seem to still have "gpg" be the older 1.x version due to
compatibility reasons.  And older versions of gpg only show the 32-bit
short ID, which is quite insecure.

This doesn't actually matter for the _verification_ itself: if the
verification passes, the pgp signature is good.  But if you don't
actually have the key yet, and want to fetch it, or you want to check
exactly which key was used for verification and want to check it, we
should specify the key with more precision.

In fact, we should preferentially specify the whole key fingerprint, but
gpg doesn't actually support that.  Which is really quite sad.

Showing the "long" format improves things to at least show 64 bits of
the fingerprint.  That's a lot better, even if it's not perfect.

This change the log format for "git log --show-signature" from

    commit 2376d317
    merged tag 'v2.9.3'
    gpg: Signature made Fri 12 Aug 2016 09:17:59 AM PDT using RSA key ID 96AFE6CB
    gpg: Good signature from "Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>"
    gpg:                 aka "Junio C Hamano <jch@google.com>"
    gpg:                 aka "Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com>"
    Merge: 2807cd7b e0c1ceaf
    Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
    Date:   Fri Aug 12 10:02:18 2016 -0700

to

    commit 2376d317
    merged tag 'v2.9.3'
    gpg: Signature made Fri 12 Aug 2016 09:17:59 AM PDT
    gpg:                using RSA key B0B5E88696AFE6CB
    gpg: Good signature from "Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>"
    gpg:                 aka "Junio C Hamano <jch@google.com>"
    gpg:                 aka "Junio C Hamano <junio@pobox.com>"
    Merge: 2807cd7b e0c1ceaf
    Author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
    Date:   Fri Aug 12 10:02:18 2016 -0700

(note the longer key ID, but also the reflowing of the text) and also
changes the format in the merge messages when merging a signed
tag.

If you already use gpg2 (either because it's installed by default, or
because you have set your gpg_program configuration to point to gpg2),
that already used the long format, you'll also see a change: it will now
have the same formatting as gpg 1.x, and the verification string looks
something like

    gpg: Signature made Sun 24 Jul 2016 12:24:02 PM PDT
    gpg:                using RSA key 79BE3E4300411886
    gpg: Good signature from "Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>" [ultimate]

where it used to be on one line:

    gpg: Signature made Sun 24 Jul 2016 12:24:02 PM PDT using RSA key ID 79BE3E4300411886
    gpg: Good signature from "Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>" [ultimate]

so there is certainly a chance this could break some automated scripting.
But the 32-bit key ID's really are broken. Also note that because of the
differences between gpg-1.x and gpg-2.x, hopefully any scripted key ID
parsing code (if such code exists) is already flexible enough to not care.

This was triggered by the fact that the "evil32" project keys ended up
leaking to the public key servers, so now there are 32-bit aliases for
just about every open source developer that you can easily get by
mistake if you use the 32-bit short ID format.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The idea of the --git-path option is not only to avoid having to
prefix paths with the output of --git-dir all the time, but also to
respect overrides for specific common paths inside the .git directory
(e.g. `git rev-parse --git-path objects` will report the value of the
environment variable GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY, if set).

When introducing the core.hooksPath setting, we forgot to adjust
git_path() accordingly. This patch fixes that.

While at it, revert the special-casing of core.hooksPath in
run-command.c, as it is now no longer needed.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Some pathnames that are okay on ext4 and on HFS+ cannot be checked
out on Windows. Tests that want to see operations on such paths on
filesystems that support them must do so behind appropriate test
prerequisites, and must not include them in the source tree (instead
they should create them when they run). Otherwise, the source tree
cannot even be checked out.

Make sure that double-quotes, asterisk, colon, greater/less-than,
question-mark, backslash, tab, vertical-bar, as well as any non-ASCII
characters never appear in the pathnames with a new test-lint-* target
as part of a `make test`. To that end, we call `git ls-files` (ensuring
that the paths are quoted properly), relying on the fact that paths
containing non-ASCII characters are quoted within double-quotes.

In case that the source code does not actually live in a Git
repository (e.g. when extracted from a .zip file), or that the `git`
executable cannot be executed, we simply ignore the error for now; In
that case, our trusty Continuous Integration will be the last line of
defense and catch any problematic file name.

Noticed when a topic wanted to add a pathname with '>' in it.  A
check like this will prevent a similar problems from happening in the
future.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

At the moment difftool's "trust exit code" logic always suppresses the
exit status of the diff utility we invoke.  This is useful because we
don't want to exit just because diff returned "1" because the files
differ, but it's confusing if the shell returns an error because the
selected diff utility is not found.

POSIX specifies 127 as the exit status for "command not found", 126 for
"command found but is not executable" and values greater than 128 if the
command terminated because it received a signal [1] and at least bash
and dash follow this specification, while diff utilities generally use
"1" for the exit status we want to ignore.

Handle any value of 126 or greater as a special value indicating that
some form of fatal error occurred.

[1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/V3_chap02.html#tag_18_08_02Signed-off-by: NJohn Keeping <john@keeping.me.uk>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

When a user asked for a detached HEAD specifically with `--detach`,
we do not need to give advice on what a detached HEAD state entails as
we can assume they know what they're getting into as they asked for it.
Signed-off-by: NStefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Helped-by: NTorsten Bögershausen <tboegi@web.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The test added in 71abeb75 (reflog: continue walking the reflog
past root commits, 2016-06-03) contains an unnecessary 'git reflog'
execution, which was part of my debug/tracing instrumentation that I
somehow didn't manage to remove before submitting.
Signed-off-by: NSZEDER Gábor <szeder@ira.uka.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>