With the recent change to ignore the UTF8 BOM at the beginning of
.gitignore files, we now have two codepaths that do such a skipping
(the other one is for reading the configuration files).

Introduce utf8_bom[] constant string and skip_utf8_bom() helper
and teach .gitignore code how to use it.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Even though the previous step shifts where the "entry" begins, we
still iterate over the original buf[], which may begin with the
UTF-8 BOM we are supposed to be skipping.  At the end of the first
line, the code grabs the contents of it starting at "entry", so
there is nothing wrong per-se, but the logic looks really confused.

Instead, move the buf pointer and shrink its size, to truly
pretend that UTF-8 BOM did not exist in the input.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Some text editors like Notepad or LibreOffice write an UTF-8 BOM in
order to indicate that the file is Unicode text rather than whatever the
current locale would indicate.

If someone uses such an editor to edit a gitignore file, we are left
with those three bytes at the beginning of the file. If we do not skip
them, we will attempt to match a filename with the BOM as prefix, which
won't match the files the user is expecting.
Signed-off-by: NCarlos Martín Nieto <cmn@elego.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* jk/read-packed-refs-without-path-max:
  read_packed_refs: use skip_prefix instead of static array
  read_packed_refs: pass strbuf to parse_ref_line
  read_packed_refs: use a strbuf for reading lines

* mg/add-ignore-errors:
  add: ignore only ignored files

* mh/find-uniq-abbrev:
  sha1_name: avoid unnecessary sha1 lookup in find_unique_abbrev

* jk/approxidate-avoid-y-d-m-over-future-dates:
  approxidate: allow ISO-like dates far in the future
  pass TIME_DATE_NOW to approxidate future-check

* rw/apply-does-not-take-ignore-date:
  git-am.txt: --ignore-date flag is not passed to git-apply

* jk/for-each-reflog-ent-reverse:
  for_each_reflog_ent_reverse: turn leftover check into assertion
  for_each_reflog_ent_reverse: fix newlines on block boundaries

* maint-2.1:
  is_hfs_dotgit: loosen over-eager match of \u{..47}

* maint-2.0:
  is_hfs_dotgit: loosen over-eager match of \u{..47}

* maint-1.9:
  is_hfs_dotgit: loosen over-eager match of \u{..47}

* maint-1.8.5:
  is_hfs_dotgit: loosen over-eager match of \u{..47}

* jk/dotgit-case-maint-1.8.5:
  is_hfs_dotgit: loosen over-eager match of \u{..47}

Our is_hfs_dotgit function relies on the hackily-implemented
next_hfs_char to give us the next character that an HFS+
filename comparison would look at. It's hacky because it
doesn't implement the full case-folding table of HFS+; it
gives us just enough to see if the path matches ".git".

At the end of next_hfs_char, we use tolower() to convert our
32-bit code point to lowercase. Our tolower() implementation
only takes an 8-bit char, though; it throws away the upper
24 bits. This means we can't have any false negatives for
is_hfs_dotgit. We only care about matching 7-bit ASCII
characters in ".git", and we will correctly process 'G' or
'g'.

However, we _can_ have false positives. Because we throw
away the upper bits, code point \u{0147} (for example) will
look like 'G' and get downcased to 'g'. It's not known
whether a sequence of code points whose truncation ends up
as ".git" is meaningful in any language, but it does not
hurt to be more accurate here. We can just pass out the full
32-bit code point, and compare it manually to the upper and
lowercase characters we care about.
Signed-off-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The build procedure did not bother fixing perl and python scripts
when NO_PERL and NO_PYTHON build-time configuration changed.

* jk/rebuild-perl-scripts-with-no-perl-seting-change:
  Makefile: have python scripts depend on NO_PYTHON setting
  Makefile: simplify by using SCRIPT_{PERL,SH}_GEN macros
  Makefile: have perl scripts depend on NO_PERL setting

Some tests that depend on perl lacked PERL prerequisite to protect
them, breaking build with NO_PERL configuration.

* jk/no-perl-tests:
  t960[34]: mark cvsimport tests as requiring perl
  t0090: mark add-interactive test with PERL prerequisite

"Everyday" document had a broken link.

* po/everyday-doc:
  Documentation: change "gitlink" typo in git-push

Git 2.0 was supposed to make the "simple" mode for the default of
"git push", but it didn't.

* jk/push-simple:
  push: truly use "simple" as default, not "upstream"

"git init" (hence "git clone") initialized the per-repository
configuration file .git/config with x-bit by mistake.

* mh/config-flip-xbit-back-after-checking:
  create_default_files(): don't set u+x bit on $GIT_DIR/config

"gitweb" used to depend on a behaviour that was deprecated by recent
CGI.pm.

* jk/gitweb-with-newer-cgi-multi-param:
  gitweb: hack around CGI's list-context param() handling

* rs/receive-pack-use-labs:
  use labs() for variables of type long instead of abs()

* rs/maint-config-use-labs:
  use labs() for variables of type long instead of abs()

open() emulated on Windows platforms did not give EISDIR upon an
attempt to open a directory for writing.

* js/windows-open-eisdir-error:
  Windows: correct detection of EISDIR in mingw_open()

"git config --get-color" did not parse its command line arguments
carefully.

* jk/colors-fix:
  t4026: test "normal" color
  config: fix parsing of "git config --get-color some.key -1"
  docs: describe ANSI 256-color mode

"git checkout $treeish $path", when $path in the index and the
working tree already matched what is in $treeish at the $path,
still overwrote the $path unnecessarily.

* jk/checkout-from-tree:
  checkout $tree: do not throw away unchanged index entries

Signed-off-by: NAlexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint-2.1:
  Git 2.1.4
  Git 2.0.5
  Git 1.9.5
  Git 1.8.5.6
  fsck: complain about NTFS ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow NTFS .git variants
  path: add is_ntfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: complain about HFS+ ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow HFS+ .git variants
  utf8: add is_hfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: notice .git case-insensitively
  t1450: refactor ".", "..", and ".git" fsck tests
  verify_dotfile(): reject .git case-insensitively
  read-tree: add tests for confusing paths like ".." and ".git"
  unpack-trees: propagate errors adding entries to the index

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint-2.0:
  Git 2.0.5
  Git 1.9.5
  Git 1.8.5.6
  fsck: complain about NTFS ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow NTFS .git variants
  path: add is_ntfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: complain about HFS+ ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow HFS+ .git variants
  utf8: add is_hfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: notice .git case-insensitively
  t1450: refactor ".", "..", and ".git" fsck tests
  verify_dotfile(): reject .git case-insensitively
  read-tree: add tests for confusing paths like ".." and ".git"
  unpack-trees: propagate errors adding entries to the index

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint-1.9:
  Git 1.9.5
  Git 1.8.5.6
  fsck: complain about NTFS ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow NTFS .git variants
  path: add is_ntfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: complain about HFS+ ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow HFS+ .git variants
  utf8: add is_hfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: notice .git case-insensitively
  t1450: refactor ".", "..", and ".git" fsck tests
  verify_dotfile(): reject .git case-insensitively
  read-tree: add tests for confusing paths like ".." and ".git"
  unpack-trees: propagate errors adding entries to the index

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint-1.8.5:
  Git 1.8.5.6
  fsck: complain about NTFS ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow NTFS .git variants
  path: add is_ntfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: complain about HFS+ ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow HFS+ .git variants
  utf8: add is_hfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: notice .git case-insensitively
  t1450: refactor ".", "..", and ".git" fsck tests
  verify_dotfile(): reject .git case-insensitively
  read-tree: add tests for confusing paths like ".." and ".git"
  unpack-trees: propagate errors adding entries to the index

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* dotgit-case-maint-1.8.5:
  fsck: complain about NTFS ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow NTFS .git variants
  path: add is_ntfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: complain about HFS+ ".git" aliases in trees
  read-cache: optionally disallow HFS+ .git variants
  utf8: add is_hfs_dotgit() helper
  fsck: notice .git case-insensitively
  t1450: refactor ".", "..", and ".git" fsck tests
  verify_dotfile(): reject .git case-insensitively
  read-tree: add tests for confusing paths like ".." and ".git"
  unpack-trees: propagate errors adding entries to the index

Now that the index can block pathnames that can be mistaken
to mean ".git" on NTFS and FAT32, it would be helpful for
fsck to notice such problematic paths. This lets servers
which use receive.fsckObjects block them before the damage
spreads.

Note that the fsck check is always on, even for systems
without core.protectNTFS set. This is technically more
restrictive than we need to be, as a set of users on ext4
could happily use these odd filenames without caring about
NTFS.

However, on balance, it's helpful for all servers to block
these (because the paths can be used for mischief, and
servers which bother to fsck would want to stop the spread
whether they are on NTFS themselves or not), and hardly
anybody will be affected (because the blocked names are
variants of .git or git~1, meaning mischief is almost
certainly what the tree author had in mind).

Ideally these would be controlled by a separate
"fsck.protectNTFS" flag. However, it would be much nicer to
be able to enable/disable _any_ fsck flag individually, and
any scheme we choose should match such a system. Given the
likelihood of anybody using such a path in practice, it is
not unreasonable to wait until such a system materializes.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>