An enhanced "post-receive" hook to send e-mail messages.

* mh/multimail:
  post-receive-email: deprecate script in favor of git-multimail
  git-multimail: an improved replacement for post-receive-email

* ob/typofixes:
  typofix: in-code comments
  typofix: documentation
  typofix: release notes

A helper to read from a set of format-patch output files or a range
of commits and find those who may have insights to the code that
the changes touch by running a series of "git blame" commands.

* es/contacts:
  contrib: contacts: add documentation
  contrib: contacts: add mailmap support
  contrib: contacts: interpret committish akin to format-patch
  contrib: contacts: add ability to parse from committish
  contrib: add git-contacts helper

The tip one does _not_ revert c869753e (Force core.filemode to
false on Cygwin., 2006-12-30) on purpose, so that people can
still retain the old behaviour if they wanted to.

* ml/cygwin-updates:
  cygwin: stop forcing core.filemode=false
  Cygwin 1.7 supports mmap
  Cygwin 1.7 has thread-safe pread
  Cygwin 1.7 needs compat/regex

* rj/sparse:
  Revert "compat/unsetenv.c: Fix a sparse warning"

* sb/traverse-trees-bitmask-variable-name:
  traverse_trees(): clarify return value of the callback

If somebody wants to only know on-disk footprint of an object
without having to know its type or payload size, we can bypass a
lot of code to cheaply learn it.

* jk/cat-file-batch-optim:
  Fix some sparse warnings
  sha1_object_info_extended: pass object_info to helpers
  sha1_object_info_extended: make type calculation optional
  packed_object_info: make type lookup optional
  packed_object_info: hoist delta type resolution to helper
  sha1_loose_object_info: make type lookup optional
  sha1_object_info_extended: rename "status" to "type"
  cat-file: disable object/refname ambiguity check for batch mode

On systems that understand a CRLF as a line ending, tests in this
script that worked on files with CRLF line endings using "grep" to
extract matching lines may lose the CR at the end of lines that
match, causing the actual output not to match the expected output.

* ml/avoid-using-grep-on-crlf-files:
  test-lib.sh - define and use GREP_STRIPS_CR

* jm/doc-ref-prune:
  Documentation: fix git-prune example usage
  Documentation: remove --prune from pack-refs examples

* rh/template-updates:
  templates: spell ASCII in uppercase in pre-commit hook
  templates: Reformat pre-commit hook's message
  templates: Use heredoc in pre-commit hook

* mh/ref-races-optim-invalidate-cached:
  refs: do not invalidate the packed-refs cache unnecessarily

Assorted code cleanups and a minor fix.

* sb/misc-fixes:
  diff.c: Do not initialize a variable, which gets reassigned anyway.
  commit: Fix a memory leak in determine_author_info
  daemon.c:handle: Remove unneeded check for null pointer.

Fix "log -L" command line parsing bugs.

* tr/line-log:
  t4211: fix incorrect rebase at f8395edc (range-set: satisfy non-empty ranges invariant)
  line-log: fix "log -LN" crash when N is last line of file
  range-set: satisfy non-empty ranges invariant
  t4211: demonstrate crash when first -L encountered is empty range
  t4211: demonstrate empty -L range crash
  range-set: fix sort_and_merge_range_set() corner case bug

Wnen I rewrote "cat b.c | wc -l" into "wc -l <b.c" to squash in a
suggestion on the list to this series, I screwed up subsequent
rebase.  Fix it up.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* es/line-log-further-fixes:
  line-log: fix "log -LN" crash when N is last line of file
  range-set: satisfy non-empty ranges invariant
  t4211: demonstrate crash when first -L encountered is empty range
  t4211: demonstrate empty -L range crash
  range-set: fix sort_and_merge_range_set() corner case bug
  range_set: fix coalescing bug when range is a subset of another
  t4211: fix broken test when one -L range is subset of another

range-set invariants are: ranges must be (1) non-empty, (2) disjoint,
(3) sorted in ascending order.

line_log_data_insert() breaks the non-empty invariant under the
following conditions: the incoming range is empty and the pathname
attached to the range has not yet been encountered. In this case,
line_log_data_insert() assigns the empty range to a new line_log_data
record without taking any action to ensure that the empty range is
eventually folded out.  Subsequent range-set functions crash or throw an
assertion failure upon encountering such an anomaly.  Fix this bug.
Signed-off-by: NEric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

range-set invariants are: ranges must be (1) non-empty, (2) disjoint,
(3) sorted in ascending order.

During processing, various range-set utility functions break the
invariants (for instance, by adding empty ranges), with the
expectation that a finalizing sort_and_merge_range_set() will restore
sanity.

sort_and_merge_range_set(), however, neglects to fold out empty
ranges, thus it fails to satisfy the non-empty constraint. Subsequent
range-set functions crash or throw an assertion failure upon
encountering such an anomaly. Rectify the situation by having
sort_and_merge_range_set() fold out empty ranges.
Signed-off-by: NEric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NEric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Helped-by: NSZEDER Gábor <szeder@ira.uka.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NEric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Helped-by: NSZEDER Gábor <szeder@ira.uka.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

When handed an empty range_set (range_set.nr == 0),
sort_and_merge_range_set() incorrectly sets range_set.nr to 1 at exit.
Subsequent range_set functions then access the bogus range at element
zero and crash or throw an assertion failure. Fix this bug.
Signed-off-by: NEric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: NThomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

'st' is allocated via xmalloc a few lines before and passed to
the stream opening functions.
The xmalloc function is written in a way that either 'st' is allocated
valid memory or xmalloc already dies.
The function calls to open_istream_* do not change 'st', as the pointer is
passed by reference and not a pointer of a pointer.

Hence 'st' cannot be null at that part of the code.
Signed-off-by: NStefan Beller <stefanbeller@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* mv/merge-ff-tristate:
  t7600: fix typo in test title

Spotted by Ram, confirmed by Miklos.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Add a notice to the top of post-receive-email explaining that the
script is no longer under active development and pointing the user to
git-multimail.
Signed-off-by: NMichael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NOndřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NOndřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NOndřej Bílka <neleai@seznam.cz>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Corrects the longstanding sloppiness in the implementation of
name-rev that conflated "we take commit-ish" and "differences
between tags and commits do not matter".

* jc/name-rev-exact-ref:
  describe: fix --contains when a tag is given as input
  name-rev: differentiate between tags and commits they point at
  describe: use argv-array
  name-rev: allow converting the exact object name at the tip of a ref
  name-ref: factor out name shortening logic from name_ref()

Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
verification, so by default enable the verification with a
mechanism to turn it off if needed.

* rr/send-email-ssl-verify:
  send-email: be explicit with SSL certificate verification

A new command to allow scripts to query the mailmap information.

* es/check-mailmap:
  t4203: test check-mailmap command invocation
  builtin: add git-check-mailmap command

Add "interactive" mode to "git clean".

The early part to refactor relative path related helper functions
looked sensible.

* jx/clean-interactive:
  test: run testcases with POSIX absolute paths on Windows
  test: add t7301 for git-clean--interactive
  git-clean: add documentation for interactive git-clean
  git-clean: add ask each interactive action
  git-clean: add select by numbers interactive action
  git-clean: add filter by pattern interactive action
  git-clean: use a git-add-interactive compatible UI
  git-clean: add colors to interactive git-clean
  git-clean: show items of del_list in columns
  git-clean: add support for -i/--interactive
  git-clean: refactor git-clean into two phases
  write_name{_quoted_relative,}(): remove redundant parameters
  quote_path_relative(): remove redundant parameter
  quote.c: substitute path_relative with relative_path
  path.c: refactor relative_path(), not only strip prefix
  test: add test cases for relative_path

Allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob objects,
which would help working in a bare repository and submodule
updates.

* hv/config-from-blob:
  do not die when error in config parsing of buf occurs
  teach config --blob option to parse config from database
  config: make parsing stack struct independent from actual data source
  config: drop cf validity check in get_next_char()
  config: factor out config file stack management

* mk/upload-pack-off-by-one-dead-code-removal:
  upload-pack: remove a piece of dead code

Fix for recent test breakage on 'master'.

* jk/t0008-sigpipe-fix:
  t0008: avoid SIGPIPE race condition on fifo

* nd/const-struct-cache-entry:
  Convert "struct cache_entry *" to "const ..." wherever possible

Use the function attributes extension to catch mistakes in use of
our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
(i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).

* jk/gcc-function-attributes:
  Add the LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL macro
  wt-status: use "format" function attribute for status_printf
  use "sentinel" function attribute for variadic lists
  add missing "format" function attributes

The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
(e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  Change the
meaning of the option to always show "HEAD" regardless of what
filtering will be applied to any other ref (this is a backward
incompatible change, so I may need to add an entry to the Release
Notes).

* db/show-ref-head:
  show-ref: make --head always show the HEAD ref

The refactoring made for parsing "-L" option recently to support
"git log -L" seems to have broken "git blame -L X,-5" to show 5
lines leading to X.

* es/blame-L-breakage:
  blame-options.txt: explain that -L <start> and <end> are optional
  blame-options.txt: place each -L option variation on its own line
  t8001/t8002 (blame): add blame -L :funcname tests
  t8001/t8002 (blame): add blame -L tests
  t8001/t8002 (blame): modernize style
  line-range: fix "blame -L X,-N" regression