Code cleanup.

* jc/xstrfmt-null-with-prec-0:
  setup.c: do not feed NULL to "%.*s" even with precision 0

Code clean-up.

* ew/send-email-drop-data-dumper:
  send-email: do not load Data::Dumper

On Cygwin, object creation uses the "create a temporary and then
rename it to the final name" pattern, not "create a temporary,
hardlink it to the final name and then unlink the temporary"
pattern.

This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds.  It also
has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
($gmane/275680, $gmane/291853).

* ad/cygwin-wants-rename:
  config.mak.uname: Cygwin needs OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES

"git config" had a codepath that tried to pass a NULL to
printf("%s"), which nobody seems to have noticed.

* jk/do-not-printf-NULL:
  git_config_set_multivar_in_file: handle "unset" errors
  git_config_set_multivar_in_file: all non-zero returns are errors
  config: lower-case first word of error strings

The socks5:// proxy support added back in 2.6.4 days was not aware
that socks5h:// proxies behave differently.

* jc/http-socks5h:
  http: differentiate socks5:// and socks5h://

Support for CRAM-MD5 authentication method in "git imap-send" did
not work well.

* ky/imap-send:
  imap-send: fix CRAM-MD5 response calculation
  imap-send: check for NOLOGIN capability only when using LOGIN command

"git commit" misbehaved in a few minor ways when an empty message
is given via -m '', all of which has been corrected.

* ad/commit-have-m-option:
  commit: do not ignore an empty message given by -m ''
  commit: --amend -m '' silently fails to wipe message

A partial rewrite of "git submodule" in the 2.7 timeframe changed
the way the gitdir: pointer in the submodules point at the real
repository location to use absolute paths by accident.  This has
been corrected.

* sb/submodule-helper-clone-regression-fix:
  submodule--helper, module_clone: catch fprintf failure
  submodule--helper: do not borrow absolute_path() result for too long
  submodule--helper, module_clone: always operate on absolute paths
  submodule--helper clone: create the submodule path just once
  submodule--helper: fix potential NULL-dereference
  recursive submodules: test for relative paths

A change back in version 2.7 to "git branch" broke display of a
symbolic ref in a non-standard place in the refs/ hierarchy (we
expect symbolic refs to appear in refs/remotes/*/HEAD to point at
the primary branch the remote has, and as .git/HEAD to point at the
branch we locally checked out).

* jk/branch-shortening-funny-symrefs:
  branch: fix shortening of non-remote symrefs

"git format-patch --help" showed `-s` and `--no-patch` as if these
are valid options to the command.  We already hide `--patch` option
from the documentation, because format-patch is about showing the
diff, and the documentation now hides these options as well.

* es/format-patch-doc-hide-no-patch:
  git-format-patch.txt: don't show -s as shorthand for multiple options

When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -m" renamed a
branch that is checked out in another worktree without adjusting
the HEAD symbolic ref for the worktree.

* ky/branch-m-worktree:
  set_worktree_head_symref(): fix error message
  branch -m: update all per-worktree HEADs
  refs: add a new function set_worktree_head_symref

When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -d" allowed
deletion of a branch that is checked out in another worktree

* ky/branch-d-worktree:
  branch -d: refuse deleting a branch which is currently checked out

The repository set-up sequence has been streamlined (the biggest
change is that there is no longer git_config_early()), so that we
do not attempt to look into refs/* when we know we do not have a
Git repository.

* jk/check-repository-format:
  verify_repository_format: mark messages for translation
  setup: drop repository_format_version global
  setup: unify repository version callbacks
  init: use setup.c's repo version verification
  setup: refactor repo format reading and verification
  config: drop git_config_early
  check_repository_format_gently: stop using git_config_early
  lazily load core.sharedrepository
  wrap shared_repository global in get/set accessors
  setup: document check_repository_format()

"git send-email" now uses a more readable timestamps when
formulating a message ID.

* ew/send-email-readable-message-id:
  send-email: more meaningful Message-ID

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Code clean-up.

* js/mingw-tests-2.8:
  Windows: shorten code by re-using convert_slashes()

Fix a typo in an example in the trace API documentation.

* ep/trace-doc-sample-fix:
  api-trace.txt: fix typo

A minor fix in the Makefile.

* jc/makefile-redirection-stderr:
  Makefile: fix misdirected redirections

Minor code cleanup.

* ak/use-hashmap-iter-first-in-submodule-config:
  submodule-config: use hashmap_iter_first()

When running "git blame $path" with unnormalized data in the index
for the path, the data in the working tree was blamed, even though
"git add" would not have changed what is already in the index, due
to "safe crlf" that disables the line-end conversion.  It has been
corrected.

* tb/blame-force-read-cache-to-workaround-safe-crlf:
  correct blame for files commited with CRLF

"git send-pack --all <there>" was broken when its command line
option parsing was written in the 2.6 timeframe.

* sk/send-pack-all-fix:
  git-send-pack: fix --all option when used with directory

"git diff -M" used to work better when two originally identical
files A and B got renamed to X/A and X/B by pairing A to X/A and B
to X/B, but this was broken in the 2.0 timeframe.

* sg/diff-multiple-identical-renames:
  diffcore: fix iteration order of identical files during rename detection

Build updates for MSVC.

* ss/msvc:
  MSVC: use shipped headers instead of fallback definitions
  MSVC: vsnprintf in Visual Studio 2015 doesn't need SNPRINTF_SIZE_CORR any more

l10n-2.8.0-rnd3-fr

* tag 'l10n-2.8.0-rnd3-fr' of git://github.com/git-l10n/git-po:
  l10n: fr: don't translate "merge" as a parameter
  l10n: fr: change "id de clé" to match "id-clé"
  l10n: fr: fix wrongly translated option name
  l10n: fr: fix transcation of "dir"

* 'fr_v2.8.0_r3' of git://github.com/jnavila/git:
  l10n: fr: don't translate "merge" as a parameter
  l10n: fr: change "id de clé" to match "id-clé"
  l10n: fr: fix wrongly translated option name
  l10n: fr: fix transcation of "dir"

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"git merge FETCH_HEAD" dereferenced NULL pointer when merging
nothing into an unborn history (which is arguably unusual usage,
which perhaps was the reason why nobody noticed it).

* jv/merge-nothing-into-void:
  merge: fix NULL pointer dereference when merging nothing into void

When "git merge --squash" stopped due to conflict, the concluding
"git commit" failed to read in the SQUASH_MSG that shows the log
messages from all the squashed commits.

* ss/commit-squash-msg:
  commit: do not lose SQUASH_MSG contents

"git send-email" had trouble parsing alias file in mailrc format
when lines in it had trailing whitespaces on them.

* jk/send-email-rtrim-mailrc-alias:
  send-email: ignore trailing whitespace in mailrc alias file

"git mergetool" did not work well with conflicts that both sides
deleted.

* da/mergetool-delete-delete-conflict:
  mergetool: honor tempfile configuration when resolving delete conflicts
  mergetool: support delete/delete conflicts

The startup_info data, which records if we are working inside a
repository (among other things), are now uniformly available to Git
subcommand implementations, and Git avoids attempting to touch
references when we are not in a repository.

* jk/startup-info:
  use setup_git_directory() in test-* programs
  grep: turn off gitlink detection for --no-index
  mailmap: do not resolve blobs in a non-repository
  remote: don't resolve HEAD in non-repository
  setup: set startup_info->have_repository more reliably
  setup: make startup_info available everywhere

strbuf_getwholeline() did not NUL-terminate the buffer on certain
corner cases in its error codepath.

* jk/getwholeline-getdelim-empty:
  strbuf_getwholeline: NUL-terminate getdelim buffer on error

A small memory leak in an error codepath has been plugged in xdiff
code.

* rj/xdiff-prepare-plug-leak-on-error-codepath:
  xdiff/xprepare: fix a memory leak
  xdiff/xprepare: use the XDF_DIFF_ALG() macro to access flag bits

Fetching of history by naming a commit object name directly didn't
work across remote-curl transport.

* gf/fetch-pack-direct-object-fetch:
  fetch-pack: update the documentation for "<refs>..." arguments
  fetch-pack: fix object_id of exact sha1

The "--local-env-vars" and "--resolve-git-dir" options of "git
rev-parse" failed to work outside a repository when the command's
option parsing was rewritten in 1.8.5 era.

* jk/rev-parse-local-env-vars:
  rev-parse: let some options run outside repository
  t1515: add tests for rev-parse out-of-repo helpers

"git config --get-urlmatch", unlike other variants of the "git
config --get" family, did not signal error with its exit status
when there was no matching configuration.

* jk/config-get-urlmatch:
  Documentation/git-config: fix --get-all description
  Documentation/git-config: use bulleted list for exit codes
  config: fail if --get-urlmatch finds no value

Code clean-up.

* pb/t7502-drop-dup:
  t/t7502 : drop duplicate test

The tests that involve running httpd leaked the system-wide
configuration in /etc/gitconfig to the tested environment.

* jk/test-httpd-config-nosystem:
  t/lib-httpd: pass through GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM env

Rename bunch of tests on "git clone" for better organization.

* sb/clone-t57-t56:
  clone tests: rename t57* => t56*

A code clarification.

* jk/credential-cache-comment-exit:
  credential-cache--daemon: clarify "exit" action semantics