The previous "Use '--' to separate filenames from revisions" may sound
obvious for an old-time Unix user, but does not make it clear how to use
this '--'. In addition to mentionning this '--', give an idea of what the
new command should look like.

Ideally, we could provide cut-and-paste ready commands based on the
command that just failed, but we have no easy access to argv[] in this
place of the code.
Signed-off-by: NMatthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log
message user edits was not documented.

* jk/maint-commit-document-editmsg:
  commit: document the temporary commit message file

The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format
its message.

* jk/maint-advise-vaddf:
  advice: pass varargs to strbuf_vaddf, not strbuf_addf

"git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order
of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake.

* kk/maint-commit-tree:
  Revert "git-commit-tree(1): update synopsis"
  commit-tree: resurrect command line parsing updates

"git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange
filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect.

* jv/maint-no-ext-diff:
  diff: test precedence of external diff drivers
  diff: correctly disable external_diff with --no-ext-diff

When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch
to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it.

* pg/maint-1.7.9-am-where-is-patch:
  am: indicate where a failed patch is to be found

When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get
confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the
superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the
path to the current directory.

* jl/maint-1.7.10-recurse-submodules-with-symlink:
  submodules: don't stumble over symbolic links when cloning recursively

In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format
but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled
a similar logic on its own.

* jc/maint-filter-branch-epoch-date:
  t7003: add test to filter a branch with a commit at epoch
  date.c: Fix off by one error in object-header date parsing
  filter-branch: do not forget the '@' prefix to force git-timestamp

We do not document COMMIT_EDITMSG at all, but users may want
to know about it for two reasons:

  1. They may want to tell their editor to configure itself
     for formatting a commit message.

  2. If a commit is aborted by an error, the user may want
     to recover the commit message they typed.

Let's put a note in git-commit(1).
Signed-off-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The advise() function takes a variable number of arguments
and converts them into a va_list object to pass to strbuf
for handling. However, we accidentally called strbuf_addf
(that takes a variable number of arguments) instead of
strbuf_vaddf (that takes a va_list).

This bug dates back to v1.7.8.1-1-g23cb5bf3, but we never
noticed because none of the current callers passes a string
with a format specifier in it. And the compiler did not
notice because the format string is not available at
compile time.
Signed-off-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent
"git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed
to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec,
which we don't.

* jk/push-delete-ref-error-message:
  push: don't guess at qualifying remote refs on deletion

A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than
necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group
writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002").

* ar/clone-honor-umask-at-top:
  add: create ADD_EDIT.patch with mode 0666
  rerere: make rr-cache fanout directory honor umask
  Restore umasks influence on the permissions of work tree created by clone

"commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log
message, with or without "--allow-empty-message".

* cw/amend-commit-without-message:
  Allow edit of empty message with commit --amend

"git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to
rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they
have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but
it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era.

* jk/maint-commit-amend-only-no-paths:
  commit: fix "--amend --only" with no pathspec

Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes,
in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially
replacing index entries instead of adding.

* tg/maint-cache-name-compare:
  cache_name_compare(): do not truncate while comparing paths

"git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and
unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it
walks.

* tr/maint-show-walk:
  show: fix "range implies walking"
  Demonstrate git-show is broken with ranges

"git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the
comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference
involved a file with "-" as its name.  This was due to the way "git
diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making
any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level
incorrectly read from the standard input.

* jc/refactor-diff-stdin:
  diff-index.c: "git diff" has no need to read blob from the standard input
  diff-index.c: unify handling of command line paths
  diff-index.c: do not pretend paths are pathspecs

We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options
filters out an empty commit in the original history.

* mz/empty-rebase-test:
  add test case for rebase of empty commit

"git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without
properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them.

* js/fast-export-paths-with-spaces:
  fast-export: quote paths with spaces

"git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch,
should be forbidden, but it wasn't.

* cw/no-detaching-an-unborn:
  git-checkout: disallow --detach on unborn branch

Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when
the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes.  Make sure to
use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in
our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests.

* vr/use-our-perl-in-tests:
  t/README: add a bit more Don'ts
  tests: enclose $PERL_PATH in double quotes
  t/test-lib.sh: export PERL_PATH for use in scripts
  t: Replace 'perl' by $PERL_PATH

There are three ways to specify an external diff command:
GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF in the environment, diff.external in the
config, or a "diff" gitattribute. The current order of
precedence is:

  1. gitattribute

  2. GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF

  3. diff.external

Usually our rule is that environment variables should take
precedence over on-disk config (i.e., option 2 should come
before option 1). However, this situation is trickier than
some, because option 1 is more specific to the individual
file than option 2 (which affects all files), so it might be
preferable. So the current behavior can be seen as
implementing "do the specific thing if we can, but fall back
to this general thing".

This is probably not what we would do if we were writing git
from scratch, but it has been this way for several years,
and is not worth changing. So let's at least document that
this is the way it's supposed to work with a test.

While we're there, let's also make sure that diff.external
(which was not previously tested at all) works by running it
through the same tests as GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF.
Signed-off-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Upon seeing a type-change filepair, "diff --no-ext-diff" does not
show the usual "deletion followed by addition" split patch and does
not run the external diff driver either.

This is because the logic to disable external diff was placed at a
wrong level in the callchain.  run_diff_cmd() decides to show the
split patch only when external diff driver is not configured or
specified via GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment, but this is done before
checking if --no-ext-diff was given.  To make things worse,
run_diff_cmd() checks --no-ext-diff and disables the output for such
a filepair completely, as the callchain below it (e.g. builtin_diff)
does not want to handle typechange filepairs.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

This reverts commit d2843673, which
was done without realizing that the updated command line argument
order was lost by mistake.

* kk/maint-1.7.9-commit-tree:
  commit-tree: resurrect command line parsing updates

79a9312c (commit-tree: update the command line parsing, 2011-11-09)
updated the command line parser to understand the usual "flags first
and then non-flag arguments" order, in addition to the original and
a bit unusual "tree comes first and then zero or more -p <parent>".

Unfortunately, ba3c69a9 (commit: teach --gpg-sign option, 2011-10-05)
broke it by mistake.  Resurrect it, and protect the feature with a
test from future breakages.

Noticed by Keshav Kini
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

If "git am" fails to apply something, the end user may need to know
where to find the patch that failed to apply, so that the user can
do other things (e.g. trying "GNU patch" on it, running "diffstat"
to see what it tried to change, etc.)  The input to "am" may have
contained more than one patch, or the message may have been MIME
encoded, and knowing what the user fed to "am" does not help very
much for this purpose.

Also introduce advice.amworkdir configuration to allow people who
learned where to look to squelch this message.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Running filter-branch on a history that has a commit with timestamp
at epoch used to fail, but it should have been fixed.  Add test to
make sure it won't break again.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

It is perfectly OK for a valid decimal integer to begin with '9' but
116eb3ab (parse_date(): allow ancient git-timestamp, 2012-02-02) did
not express the range correctly.
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Since 69c30517 (submodules: refactor computation of relative gitdir path)
cloning a submodule recursively fails for nested submodules when a
symbolic link is part of the path to the work tree of the superproject.

This happens when module_clone() tries to find the relative paths between
the work tree and the git dir. When a symbolic link in current $PWD points
to a directory that is at a different level, then determining the number
of "../" needed to traverse to the superproject's work tree leads to a
wrong result.

As there is no portable way to say "pwd -P", use cd_to_toplevel to remove
the link from $PWD, which fixes this problem.

A test for this issue has been added to t7406.
Reported-by: NBob Halley <halley@play-bow.org>
Signed-off-by: NJens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit
object names in its output are unique.

* jc/maint-blame-unique-abbrev:
  blame: compute abbreviation width that ensures uniqueness

On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our own
compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack program.
Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to avoid use of
this function in a threaded program.

* rj/platform-pread-may-be-thread-unsafe:
  index-pack: Disable threading on cygwin

"git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and
did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option.

* th/diff-no-index-fixes:
  diff-no-index: exit(1) if 'diff --quiet <repo file> <external file>' finds changes
  diff: handle relative paths in no-index

"git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit
the cloning to the specified branch.

* nd/clone-single-fix:
  clone: fix ref selection in --single-branch --branch=xxx

When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
"--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't been
examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or taking
too long to produce any output.  Teach the simplification logic to
ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic ignored when
both are in effect to work around the issue.

* jc/rev-list-simplify-merges-first-parent:
  revision: ignore side parents while running simplify-merges
  revision: note the lack of free() in simplify_merges()
  revision: "simplify" options imply topo-order sort

"git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a submodule
used to exist, but "git update-index" did not allow an equivalent
operation to Porcelain writers.

* hv/submodule-update-nuke-submodules:
  update-index: allow overwriting existing submodule index entries

"git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.

* jk/diff-no-index-pager:
  do not run pager with diff --no-index --quiet
  fix pager.diff with diff --no-index