The logic to select the default user name and e-mail on Windows has
been improved.

* js/mingw-default-ident:
  mingw: use domain information for default email
  getpwuid(mingw): provide a better default for the user name
  getpwuid(mingw): initialize the structure only once

"git p4 unshelve" improvements.

* ld/p4-unshelve:
  git-p4: fully support unshelving changelists
  git-p4: unshelve into refs/remotes/p4-unshelved, not refs/remotes/p4/unshelved
  git-p4: do not fail in verbose mode for missing 'fileSize' key

Doc update to mark "git cherry" as a plumbing command.

* du/cherry-is-plumbing:
  doc: move git-cherry to plumbing

The documentation of "git gc" has been updated to mention that it
is no longer limited to "pruning away crufts" but also updates
ancillary files like commit-graph as a part of repository
optimization.

* ab/gc-doc-update:
  gc doc: mention the commit-graph in the intro

An experiment to fuzz test a few areas, hopefully we can gain more
coverage to various areas.

* js/fuzzer:
  fuzz: add fuzz testing for packfile indices.
  fuzz: add basic fuzz testing target.

"git cmd --help" when "cmd" is aliased used to only say "cmd is
aliased to ...".  Now it shows that to the standard error stream
and runs "git $cmd --help" where $cmd is the first word of the
alias expansion.

This could be misleading for those who alias a command with options
(e.g. with "[alias] cpn = cherry-pick -n", "git cpn --help" would
show the manual of "cherry-pick", and the reader would not be told
to pay close attention to the part that describes the "--no-commit"
option until closing the pager that showed the contents of the
manual, if the pager is configured to restore the original screen,
or would not be told at all, if the pager simply makes the message
on the standard error scroll away.

* rv/alias-help:
  git-help.txt: document "git help cmd" vs "git cmd --help" for aliases
  git.c: handle_alias: prepend alias info when first argument is -h
  help: redirect to aliased commands for "git cmd --help"

Code clean-up.

* sb/diff-emit-line-ws-markup-cleanup:
  diff.c: pass sign_index to emit_line_ws_markup

Doc update to mark "git get-tar-commit-id" as a plumbing command.

* du/get-tar-commit-id-is-plumbing:
  doc: move git-get-tar-commit-id to plumbing

Doc update.

* mm/doc-no-dashed-git:
  doc: fix a typo and clarify a sentence

Doc update.

* du/rev-parse-is-plumbing:
  doc: move git-rev-parse from porcelain to plumbing

"git log --graph" showing an octopus merge sometimes miscounted the
number of display columns it is consuming to show the merge and its
parent commits, which has been corrected.

* np/log-graph-octopus-fix:
  log: fix coloring of certain octopus merge shapes

The codepath to support the experimental split-index mode had
remaining "racily clean" issues fixed.

* sg/split-index-racefix:
  split-index: BUG() when cache entry refers to non-existing shared entry
  split-index: smudge and add racily clean cache entries to split index
  split-index: don't compare cached data of entries already marked for split index
  split-index: count the number of deleted entries
  t1700-split-index: date back files to avoid racy situations
  split-index: add tests to demonstrate the racy split index problem
  t1700-split-index: document why FSMONITOR is disabled in this test script

The result of coverage test can be combined with "git blame" to
check the test coverage of code introduced recently with a new
'coverage-diff' tool (in contrib/).

* ds/coverage-diff:
  contrib: add coverage-diff script

To help developers, an EditorConfig file that attempts to follow
the project convention has been added.

* bc/editorconfig:
  editorconfig: indicate settings should be kept in sync
  editorconfig: provide editor settings for Git developers

Test fix.

* ma/t7005-bash-workaround:
  t7005-editor: quote filename to fix whitespace-issue

Various subtree fixes.

* rs/subtree-fixes:
  subtree: performance improvement for finding unexpected parent commits
  subtree: improve decision on merges kept in split
  subtree: use commits before rejoins for splits
  subtree: make --ignore-joins pay attention to adds
  subtree: refactor split of a commit into standalone method

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

In a partial clone that will lazily be hydrated from the
originating repository, we generally want to avoid "does this
object exist (locally)?" on objects that we deliberately omitted
when we created the clone.  The cache-tree codepath (which is used
to write a tree object out of the index) however insisted that the
object exists, even for paths that are outside of the partial
checkout area.  The code has been updated to avoid such a check.

* jt/cache-tree-allow-missing-object-in-partial-clone:
  cache-tree: skip some blob checks in partial clone

When pushing into a repository that borrows its objects from an
alternate object store, "git receive-pack" that responds to the
push request on the other side lists the tips of refs in the
alternate to reduce the amount of objects transferred.  This
sometimes is detrimental when the number of refs in the alternate
is absurdly large, in which case the bandwidth saved in potentially
fewer objects transferred is wasted in excessively large ref
advertisement.  The alternate refs that are advertised are now
configurable with a pair of configuration variables.

* tb/filter-alternate-refs:
  transport.c: introduce core.alternateRefsPrefixes
  transport.c: introduce core.alternateRefsCommand
  transport.c: extract 'fill_alternate_refs_command'
  transport: drop refnames from for_each_alternate_ref

Over some transports, fetching objects with an exact commit object
name can be done without first seeing the ref advertisements.  The
code has been optimized to exploit this.

* jt/avoid-ls-refs:
  fetch: do not list refs if fetching only hashes
  transport: list refs before fetch if necessary
  transport: do not list refs if possible
  transport: allow skipping of ref listing

Code clean-up.

* ds/commit-graph-leakfix:
  commit-graph: reduce initial oid allocation
  builtin/commit-graph.c: UNLEAK variables
  commit-graph: clean up leaked memory during write

A partial clone that is configured to lazily fetch missing objects
will on-demand issue a "git fetch" request to the originating
repository to fill not-yet-obtained objects.  The request has been
optimized for requesting a tree object (and not the leaf blob
objects contained in it) by telling the originating repository that
no blobs are needed.

* jt/non-blob-lazy-fetch:
  fetch-pack: exclude blobs when lazy-fetching trees
  fetch-pack: avoid object flags if no_dependents

Various fixes to "diff --color-moved-ws".

* pw/diff-color-moved-ws-fix:
  diff --color-moved: fix a memory leak
  diff --color-moved-ws: fix another memory leak
  diff --color-moved-ws: fix a memory leak
  diff --color-moved-ws: fix out of bounds string access
  diff --color-moved-ws: fix double free crash

The oidset API was built on top of the oidmap API which in turn is
on the hashmap API.  Replace the implementation to build on top of
the khash API and gain performance.

* rs/oidset-on-khash:
  oidset: uninline oidset_init()
  oidset: use khash
  khash: factor out kh_release_*
  fetch-pack: load tip_oids eagerly iff needed
  fetch-pack: factor out is_unmatched_ref()

Unlike "grep", "git grep" by default recurses to the whole tree.
The command learned "git grep --recursive" option, so that "git
grep --no-recursive" can serve as a synonym to setting the
max-depth to 0.

* rs/grep-no-recursive:
  grep: add -r/--[no-]recursive

"git help -a" and "git help -av" give different pieces of
information, and generally the "verbose" version is more friendly
to the new users.  "git help -a" by default now uses the more
verbose output (with "--no-verbose", you can go back to the
original).  Also "git help -av" now lists aliases and external
commands, which it did not used to.

* nd/help-commands-verbose-by-default:
  help -a: improve and make --verbose default

Doc update.

* jc/how-to-document-api:
  CodingGuidelines: document the API in *.h files

A corner-case bugfix.

* sm/show-superproject-while-conflicted:
  rev-parse: --show-superproject-working-tree should work during a merge

"git fetch $repo $object" in a partial clone did not correctly
fetch the asked-for object that is referenced by an object in
promisor packfile, which has been fixed.

* jt/fetch-tips-in-partial-clone:
  fetch: in partial clone, check presence of targets
  connected: document connectivity in partial clones

"git status" learns to show progress bar when refreshing the index
takes a long time.

* nd/status-refresh-progress:
  status: show progress bar if refreshing the index takes too long

A new extension to the index file has been introduced, which allows
the file to be read in parallel.

* bp/read-cache-parallel:
  read-cache: load cache entries on worker threads
  ieot: add Index Entry Offset Table (IEOT) extension
  read-cache: load cache extensions on a worker thread
  config: add new index.threads config setting
  eoie: add End of Index Entry (EOIE) extension
  read-cache: clean up casting and byte decoding
  read-cache.c: optimize reading index format v4

Some environment variables that control the runtime options of Git
used during tests are getting renamed for consistency.

* bp/rename-test-env-var:
  t0000: do not get self-test disrupted by environment warnings
  preload-index: update GIT_FORCE_PRELOAD_TEST support
  read-cache: update TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION support
  fsmonitor: update GIT_TEST_FSMONITOR support
  preload-index: use git_env_bool() not getenv() for customization
  t/README: correct spelling of "uncommon"

Code clean-up in the internal machinery used by "git status" and
"git commit --dry-run".

* ss/wt-status-committable:
  roll wt_status_state into wt_status and populate in the collect phase
  wt-status.c: set the committable flag in the collect phase
  t7501: add test of "commit --dry-run --short"
  wt-status: rename commitable to committable
  wt-status.c: move has_unmerged earlier in the file

Various codepaths in the core-ish part learn to work on an
arbitrary in-core index structure, not necessarily the default
instance "the_index".

* nd/the-index: (23 commits)
  revision.c: reduce implicit dependency the_repository
  revision.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  ws.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  tree-diff.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  submodule.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  line-range.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  userdiff.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  rerere.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  sha1-file.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  patch-ids.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  merge.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  merge-blobs.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  ll-merge.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  diff-lib.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  read-cache.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  diff.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  grep.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  diff.c: remove the_index dependency in textconv() functions
  blame.c: rename "repo" argument to "r"
  combine-diff.c: remove implicit dependency on the_index
  ...

Teach bash completion that "git fetch --multiple" only takes remote
names as arguments and no refspecs.

* nd/complete-fetch-multiple-args:
  completion: support "git fetch --multiple"

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The completion script (in contrib/) learned to complete a handful of
options "git stash list" command takes.

* sf/complete-stash-list:
  git-completion.bash: add completion for stash list

Typofixes.

* mw/doc-typofixes:
  docs: typo: s/isimilar/similar/
  docs: graph: remove unnecessary `graph_update()' call
  docs: typo: s/go/to/

The minimum version of Windows supported by Windows port fo Git is
now set to Vista.

* js/mingw-wants-vista-or-above:
  mingw: bump the minimum Windows version to Vista
  mingw: set _WIN32_WINNT explicitly for Git for Windows
  compat/poll: prepare for targeting Windows Vista

Code clean-up.

* rs/sequencer-oidset-insert-avoids-dups:
  sequencer: use return value of oidset_insert()