Code the logic in "pull --rebase" that figures out a fork point
from reflog entries in C.

* jc/merge-base-reflog:
  merge-base: teach "--fork-point" mode
  merge-base: use OPT_CMDMODE and clarify the command line parsing

* jk/replace-perl-in-built-scripts:
  use @@PERL@@ in built scripts

When two processes created one loose object file each, which fell
into the same fan-out bucket that previously did not have any
objects, they both tried to do an equivalent of

    mkdir .git/objects/$fanout &&
    chmod $shared_perm .git/objects/$fanout

before writing into their file .git/objects/$fanout/$remainder,
one of which could have failed unnecessarily when the second
invocation of mkdir found that the directory already has been
created by the first one.

* jh/loose-object-dirs-creation-race:
  sha1_file.c:create_tmpfile(): Fix race when creating loose object dirs

* jk/robustify-parse-commit:
  checkout: do not die when leaving broken detached HEAD
  use parse_commit_or_die instead of custom message
  use parse_commit_or_die instead of segfaulting
  assume parse_commit checks for NULL commit
  assume parse_commit checks commit->object.parsed
  log_tree_diff: die when we fail to parse a commit

A behavior change, but a worthwhile one: "git submodule foreach"
was treating its arguments as part of a single command to be
concatenated and passed to a shell, making writing buggy
scripts too easy.

This patch preserves the old "just pass it to the shell" behavior
when a single argument is passed to 'git submodule foreach' and
moves to a new "skip the shell and use the arguments passed
unmolested" behavior when more than one argument is passed.

The old behavior (always concatenating and passing to the shell)
was similar to the 'ssh' command, while the new behavior (switching
on the number of arguments) is what 'xterm -e' does.

May need more thought to make sure this change is advertised well
so that scripts that used multiple arguments but added their own
extra layer of quoting are not broken.

* ak/submodule-foreach-quoting:
  submodule foreach: skip eval for more than one argument

* maint:
  Git 1.8.5.1
  ref-iteration doc: add_submodule_odb() returns 0 for success

* nd/glossary-content-pathspec-markup:
  glossary-content.txt: fix documentation of "**" patterns

* jj/doc-markup-gitcli:
  Documentation/gitcli.txt: fix double quotes

* jj/doc-markup-hints-in-coding-guidelines:
  State correct usage of literal examples in man pages in the coding standards

Mark-up fixes.

* jj/log-doc:
  Documentation/git-log.txt: mark-up fix and minor rephasing
  Documentation/git-log: update "--log-size" description

Mark-up and grammo fixes.

* jj/rev-list-options-doc:
  Documentation/rev-list-options.txt: fix some grammatical issues and typos
  Documentation/rev-list-options.txt: fix mark-up

* mi/typofixes:
  contrib: typofixes
  Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt: typofixes
  typofixes: fix misspelt comments

* tb/doc-fetch-pack-url:
  git-fetch-pack uses URLs like git-fetch

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The usage sample of add_submodule_odb() function in the Submodules
section expects non-zero return value for success, but the function
actually reports success with zero.
Helped-by: NRené Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de>
Reviewed-by: NHeiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net>
Signed-off-by: NNick Townsend <nick.townsend@mac.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

When submodule.$name.update is given as hint from the upstream in
the .gitmodules file, we used to blindly copy it to .git/config,
unless there already is a value defined for the submodule.

However, there is no reason to expect that the update mode hinted by
the upstream is available in the version of Git the user is using,
and a really custom "!cmd" prepared by an upstream person running on
Linux may not even be available to a user on Windows.  It is simply
irresponsible to copy the setting blindly and to attempt to use it
during a later "submodule update" without validating it first.

Just show the suggested value to the diagnostic output, and set the
value to 'none' in the configuration, if it is not one of the ones
that are known to be supported by this version of Git.
Helped-by: NJens Lehmann <Jens.Lehmann@web.de>
Helped-by: NJeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* maint:
  remote-hg: don't decode UTF-8 paths into Unicode objects

The internal mercurial API expects ordinary 8-bit string objects, not
Unicode string objects.  With this change, the test-hg.sh unit tests
pass again.
Signed-off-by: NRichard Hansen <rhansen@bbn.com>
Reviewed-by: NFelipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Unbreaks a recent breakage due to use of unquote-c-style.

This may need to be cherry-picked down to 1.8.4.x series.

* 'rh/remote-hg-bzr-updates' (early part):
  remote-hg: don't decode UTF-8 paths into Unicode objects

"**" means bold in ASCIIDOC, so we need to escape it. This is similar
to 8447dc89 (gitignore.txt: fix documentation of "**" patterns -
2013-11-07)
Signed-off-by: NNguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Replace double quotes around literal examples with backticks
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

* mb/relnotes-1.8.5-fix:
  RelNotes: spelling & grammar fixes

Signed-off-by: NMarc Branchaud <marcnarc@xiplink.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Fixes a regression on 'master' since v1.8.4.

* nd/literal-pathspecs:
  pathspec: stop --*-pathspecs impact on internal parse_pathspec() uses

The internal mercurial API expects ordinary 8-bit string objects, not
Unicode string objects.  With this change, the test-hg.sh unit tests
pass again.
Signed-off-by: NRichard Hansen <rhansen@bbn.com>
Reviewed-by: NFelipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Various fixes:

 - fix typos (e.g. "show" -> "shown")
 - use "regular expression(s)" instead of "regexp" where appropriate
 - reword some sentences for easier reading
 - fix/improve some grammatical issues (e.g. comma usage)
 - add missing articles (e.g. "the")
 - change "E-mail" to "email"
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Some the labeled list entries have a blank line between the label
and the body text, and some don't.  Use the latter style for
consistency; incidentally, syntax highlighting in Vim works better
if there is no blank line there.

Typeset literal options, commands, and path names in monospace.
When using `literal string` mark-up to do so, there is no need to
escape AsciiDoc special characters with backslashes, so make sure we
don't do so.

Replace some double quotes with proper AsciiDoc quotes
(e.g. ``foo'').
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

The man pages contain inconsistent usage of backticks vs. single quotes
around options, commands, etc. that are in paragraphs. This commit states
that backticks should always be used around literal examples.

This commit states that "--" and friends should not be escaped
(e.g. use `--pretty=oneline` instead of `\--pretty=oneline`).

This commit also states correct usage for typesetting command usage
examples with inline substitutions.

Thanks-to: Ramkumar Ramachandra <artagnon@gmail.com>
Thanks-to: Stuart Rackham <srackham@gmail.com>
Thanks-to: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Hotfix for recent regression while talking to upload-pack
in a repository with many symbolic refs.

* maint:
  Revert "upload-pack: send non-HEAD symbolic refs"

Hot-fix for a regression.

* jx/branch-vv-always-compare-with-upstream:
  branch: fix --verbose output column alignment

Commit f2e08739 (branch: report invalid tracking branch as gone) removed
an early return from fill_tracking_info() in the path taken when 'git
branch -v' lists a branch in sync with its upstream. This resulted in an
unconditionally added space in front of the subject line:

    $ git branch -v
    * master f5eb3da  commit pushed to upstream
      topic  f935eb6 unpublished topic

Instead, only add the trailing space if a decoration have been added.

To catch this kind of whitespace breakage in the tests, be a bit less
smart when filtering the output through sed.
Signed-off-by: NTorstein Hegge <hegge@resisty.net>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

This reverts commit 5e7dcad7; there
may be unbounded number of symbolic refs in the repository, but the
capability header line in the on-wire protocol has a rather low
length limit.

 - typeset options, commands, and paths in monospace;
 - typeset references to sections with emphasis;
 - replace some double quotes with proper AsciiDoc quotes (e.g. ``foo'');
 - use title case when referring to section headings.
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

"--log-size" was added in commit 9fa3465d, and the commit message
contained a satisfactory explanation; however, the man page entry
for it did not describe the actual output format, what the output
meant and what the option was meant to be used for.
Helped-by: NJonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NJason St. John <jstjohn@purdue.edu>
Signed-off-by: NJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>